2019高考英語一輪基礎達標練題 Unit 5 Nelson Mandel-a modern hero（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Unit 5 Nelson Mandel-a modern hero 一、閱讀理解。 You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot（虛擬聊天機器人）. Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice. ＂Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,＂ Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis（表情符號） in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported. Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech panies, they are being smarter and more mon. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’ questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users. These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a ＂Samantha＂, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates. 1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A. She became a best seller. B. She became very powerful. C. She became a money maker. D. She became very popular. 2.Which of the following can Xiaoice do? A. Do housework. B. Spread messages. C. Identify various photos. D. Read news to its users. 3.Which pany’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant? A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon. 4.What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon. B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now. C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film. D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience. 【文章大意】本文講述的是人工智能程序的發(fā)展情況。列舉了微信上的聊天程序大受歡迎，IBM的人工智能程序能成為顧問，但是目前這種程序主要應用在智能手機上，人們期待它將來可以在手機以外的地方使用。 1.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily可知，她在微信上大受歡迎，很多中國人都喜歡與她聊天，故選D。 3.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant可知，IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作為學術顧問，故選B。 4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms,可知，人們期待這些程序除了智能手機之外，也能應用在電視、汽車、 起居室等地，所以目前是主要應用在智能手機上，故選B。 二、單句語法填空 1．Now their peace talks have reached a key stage ________ one side must give in to the other. 答案：where　當先行詞是case, position, stage等抽象名詞，且在從句中作狀語，表示地點時，定語從句使用關系副詞where來引導。 2．From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and ________ (devote)． 答案：devotion　由teamwork and可知，此處填名詞devotion “奉獻；忠誠”，作賓語。 3．When an animal is ________ attack it can run away or fight back. 答案：under　 under attack “受到攻擊”。 4．She started singing to the baby and ________ (reward) with a smile. 答案：was rewarded　reward sb. with a smile “對某人報以微笑”，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應為被動語態(tài)。 5．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape ________ (fire) by his boss. 答案：being fired　escape being fired “免于被解雇”。 6．I have some trouble ________ (read) the letter, because his handwriting is very bad. 答案：(in) reading　have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難”。 7．In some places there are many laws against ________ (cruel) to animals but few to protect children. 答案：cruelty　空前against是介詞，因此本空填名詞cruelty “殘忍；殘酷”。 8．Your teacher can give you ________ (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application. 答案：guidance　give sb. guidance on ... “給某人關于……的指導或建議”，故此處填名詞guidance “指導”。 9．________ (educate) usually refers to teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college. 答案：Education　此處應用名詞education “教育”作主語。 10．The young man was sentenced to ________ (die) for killing a middle school student. 答案：death　be sentenced to death “被判死刑”。 三、完形填空。 The murmur of the audience had just faded into silence.This was one of the most __1__ days in fiveyearold Patricia McKees life：the Kernot School Concert.She stood __2__ the curtain with her schoolmates.Yet she was not __3__ because everyone had been practicing for weeks and knew their __4__ by heart. Being in a remote country town，Patricia knew that everyone would __5__ for the big occasion－everyone！Yet，it was this awareness that added a sense of __6__ to her excitement.There were two people who couldnt be in that __7__ that night—her mum and dad. Patricias parents __8__ the local general store，which was __9__ for business 24 hours.So it was simply __10__ that Mum and Dad could never attend munity activities.It had been this way with her sister，so why should it be any __11__ for her? Still，Patricia couldnt help __12__ that her parents could be there to see her on such a special day，so she decided to __13__ the subject with her mother.__14__，she had to face the facts.At such a young age，Patricia couldnt really understand the deep __15__ in her mothers response：“Ill try to be there，sweetheart，but you know how __16__ it is for us to get away from the store.” Yet as the curtain slowly opened, little Patricia got the __17__ of her life.There，sitting four rows the front was her mother with a big smile on her face! This powerful image __18__ one of Patricias most treasured memories.“Words cannot express the pure joy we both __19__ at that moment，” said Patricia.Her parents have passed away, but what a wonderful legacy(遺產) theyve left us：when someone really __20__ you，be there for them. 1．A.difficult　　　　　　B．important C．sad D．perfect 2．A.before B．under C．beside D．behind 3．A.excited B．moved C．afraid D．lost 4．A.parts B．relations C．jobs D．forms 5．A.join up B．prepare C．drop in D．turn out 6．A.happiness B．sadness C．willingness D．eagerness 7．A.audience B．store C．play D．movie 8．A.bought B．got C．sold D．ran 9．A.easy B．open C．still D．closed 10．A.recognized B．denied C．accepted D．incredible 11．A.different B．satisfied C．personal D．wise 12．A.thinking B．talking C．learning D．wishing 13．A.hand in B．go through C．bring up D．put away 14．A.Surprisingly B．Happily C．Obviously D．Sadly 15．A.pain B．meaning C．understanding D．thought 16．A.awful B．hard C．troublesome D．thankful 17．A.blow B．wonder C．person D．surprise 18．A.remained B．left C．took D．affected 19．A.wanted B．experienced C．made D．forgot 20．A.hates B．loves C．cares D．needs 【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。父母因忙于看店無法去看Patricia McKee的演出，所以當Patricia突然看到母親出現(xiàn)在演出現(xiàn)場時，她非常驚訝。這一刻成了她一生的回憶。文章通過這件事告訴我們：當別人需要你時，請陪在他們身邊。 1．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)第二段中的“the big occasion”以及常識可知，對于五歲的Patricia來說，那天是一個重要的日子。B項意為“重要的”，符合語境。A項意為“困難的”；C項意為“悲傷的”；D項意為“完美的”，均與語境不符。故選B。 2．D　考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)常識及第五段第一句“Yet as the curtain slowly opened”可知，出場前Patricia和她的同學站在幕布的后面。D項意為“在……的后面”，符合語境。A項意為“在……面前”；B項意為“在……下面”；C項意為“在……旁邊”，均與語境不符。故選D。 3．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“because everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知，所有人都排練了幾個星期，所以她不害怕。C項意為“害怕的”，符合語境。A項意為“興奮的”；B項意為“感動的”；D項意為“迷惘的，困惑的”，均與語境不符。故選C。 4．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知，排練了幾個星期，每個人都記熟了自己的臺詞和動作。A項意為“角色，臺詞和動作”，符合語境。B項意為“關系”；C項意為“工作”；D項意為“形式”，均與語境不符。故選A。 5．D　考查動詞(短語)辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，所有人都會出席這個盛大的活動。D項意為“出席，參加”，符合語境。A項意為“連接，聯(lián)合起來”；B項意為“準備”；C項意為“落進，順便拜訪”，均與語境不符。故選D。 6．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下一句內容可知，因為父母不能來觀看演出，所以Patricia在興奮的同時又有些難過。B項意為“悲傷，難過”，符合語境。A項意為“幸?！?；C項意為“樂意”；D項意為“渴望”，均與語境不符。故選B。 7．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下一段內容可知，此處指Patricia的父母親不能在現(xiàn)場當她的觀眾。A項意為“觀眾，聽眾”，符合語境。故選A。 8．D　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后面的賓語“the local general store”可知，此處指Patricia的父母在當?shù)亟?jīng)營一家雜貨店。D項意為“經(jīng)營，參加，跑”，符合語境。故選D。 9．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后面的“for business 24 hours”可知，這個雜貨店24小時營業(yè)。B項意為“開放的，營業(yè)的”，符合語境。故選B。 10．C　考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知，她的父母經(jīng)營一家24小時都營業(yè)的商店，所以她的父母從不參加社區(qū)活動是可以接受的。C項意為“公認可接受的，被認可的”，符合語境。A項意為“辨認出”；B項意為“否認”；D項意為“極好的，難以置信的”，均與語境不符。故選C。 11．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)前一句“It had been this way with her sister”可知，父母也沒有參加過姐姐的活動，所以對她不會有所不同。A項意為“不同的”，符合語境。B項意為“滿意的”；C項意為“個人的”；D項意為“明智的”，均與語境不符。故選A。 12．D　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“Still”和“her parents could be there”可知，雖然如此，Patricia還是忍不住希望她的父母親能來看她演出。D項意為“希望”，符合語境。A項意為“想，認為”；B項意為“談論”；C項意為“學習”，均與語境不符。故選D。 13．C　考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)上文提到的Patricia希望她的父母能來看她演出和空格后面的賓語“the subject with her mother”可知，此處指Patricia決定向母親提出這個話題。C項意為“提出”，符合語境。A項意為“上交”；B項意為“經(jīng)歷”；D項意為“把……收起來”，均與語境不符。故選C。 14．D　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“she had to face the facts”以及下文母親的回答可知，她的母親并不確定能不能參加，所以很遺憾她只能接受這個事實。D項意為“不幸地，說來遺憾”，符合語境。A項意為“驚訝地”；B項意為“高興地”；C項意為“明顯地”，均與語境不符。故選D。 15．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)常識以及后來母親出現(xiàn)在觀眾席里可知，母親想?yún)⒓优畠旱幕顒訁s抽不出時間，她也很痛苦，但五歲的Patricia并不理解這種痛苦。A項意為“痛苦”，符合語境。B項意為“意思”；C項意為“理解”；D項意為“想法”，均與語境不符。故選A。 16．B　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)上文提及的24小時營業(yè)商店可知，她的父母親離開商店是一件很困難的事情。B項意為“困難的”，符合語境。A項意為“可怕的”；C項意為“麻煩的”；D項意為“感激的”，均與語境不符。故選B。 17．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上文母親的回答可知，母親觀看Patricia的演出的可能性不大，所以當Patricia看到臺下的母親時，那真的是她人生中的驚喜。D項意為“驚喜，意想不到的事”，符合語境。A項意為“打擊”；B項意為“奇跡”；C項意為“人”，均與語境不符。故選D。 18．A　考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)上文可知，母親的出現(xiàn)對Patricia來說是一個很大的驚喜，所以這一幕成為Patricia最珍貴的記憶之一。A項意為“繼續(xù)，依然”，符合語境。B項意為“離開”；C項意為“拿走”；D項意為“影響”，均與語境不符。故選A。 19．B　考查動詞辨析。“we both ________ at that moment”是省略了關系代詞that或which的定語從句，先行詞the pure joy在從句中作空格處所填詞的賓語。句意為Patricia說：“沒有言語能表達出我們在那一刻所體會到的那種純粹的快樂?！盉項意為“體會，感受”，符合語境。A項意為“想要”；C項意為“使得，制造”；D項意為“忘記”，均與語境不符。故選B。 20．D　考查動詞辨析。通讀全文可知，文章通過 Patricia的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：當別人真正需要你時，要陪伴在他們的身邊。D項意為“需要”，符合語境。A項意為“憎恨”；B項意為“愛”；C項意為“在乎”，均與語境不符。故選D。 四、單句改錯 1．I hope, first of all, that we shall never lose our heart in face of failure. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉our　lose heart “失去信心”，為固定搭配。 2．She is very weak and not equal to make a long journey. ________________________________________________________ 答案：make→making　be equal to “勝任……”，其中to是介詞。 3．Thousands of people turned to watch yesterdays match against Ireland. ________________________________________________________ 答案：turned后加up　turn up “出現(xiàn)；露面”。 4．The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big pany. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉when　The first time在此處引導時間狀語從句。 5．Only when we had studied the data again we realize that there was a mistake. ________________________________________________________ 答案：we前加did　“only＋狀語從句”放句首，句子應用部分倒裝結構。 五、短文改錯 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 【答案】　 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 第一處：it→them?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境可知，第二句中“towards”的賓語指代的是第一句的主語“Mistakes”，故用them。 第二處：a→the?？疾楣谠~。根據(jù)前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，該處特指上文中“提高英語口語水平”的開始，故用定冠詞。 第三處：make→making?？疾榉侵^語動詞。avoid doing sth.為固定用法，意為“避免做某事”。 第四處：that→what?？疾橘e語從句。分析該句結構可知，該句為含有賓語從句的主從復合句，what既作賓語從句的引導詞，也作從句中及物動詞thought的賓語，而that在從句中不能作成分，故將that改為what。 第五處：discouraging→discouraged?？疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)從句主語I可知，該處應用discouraged形容人，意為“沮喪的”；discouraging形容事物，意為“令人沮喪的”。 第六處：must→could。考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句使用了虛擬語氣，表示“過去本能夠做卻沒有做”，故用could have done。 第七處：刪除in。考查固定搭配。該處指“參加英語俱樂部”，參加某個組織用join，而join in為固定搭配，意為“參加活動”，故刪除in。 第八處：made→makes。考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意：熟能生巧。該句為一般真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句主語為Practice，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式，故用makes。 第九處：fluent→fluently?？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)該句中的動詞“talk”可知，此處修飾動詞，故用副詞形式。 第十處：afraid前加be。考查祈使句。分析句子結構可知，該句為祈使句，afraid為形容詞，故afraid前加動詞原形be。