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畢業(yè)設計(論文)開題報告
題目：耳機塑料模具設計
系 別 機電信息系
專 業(yè) 機械設計制造及自動化
班 級
姓 名
學 號
導 師
2012年12月18日
1、畢業(yè)設計（論文）題目背景、研究意義及國內外相關研究情況
1.1、課題名稱：耳機塑料模具設計
1.2、課題研究意義
畢業(yè)設計是使學生在學習了相關專業(yè)課程及一定的理論基礎上綜合運用、獨立自主的完成模具設計的一種嘗試與考驗，也是我們自我評判四年來學習成果的一個機會。它能培養(yǎng)和擴展學生獨立地分析和解決問題的工作能力。也是對學生專業(yè)能力和學習成績的總檢查?？傊厴I(yè)設計是學生從學校走向社會、理論聯(lián)系實際的必經(jīng)之路。做為一名模具專業(yè)的學生，我們即將步入社會，走向工作崗位，扎扎實實的基本功、嚴謹求實的工作態(tài)度正是我們所需要培養(yǎng)的，所以我們更應該好好把握，認真對待，務必做到搞設計要弄懂、弄清，知其然還要知其所以然，決不偷懶打混，稀里糊涂！。
模具種類有：沖模，鍛模，塑料模，壓鑄模，粉末冶金模，玻璃模，橡膠模，陶瓷模等。除部分沖模以外的的其他各種模具都屬于型腔模，因為他們一般都是依靠三維的模具型腔使材料成型。本次畢業(yè)設計主要是塑料模，故其他模具不談。而塑料模具是大批生產(chǎn)塑料制品的現(xiàn)代化專用成型工藝裝備的總稱。而且塑料是繼陶瓷和金屬之后的第三大材料，廣泛應用在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)和日常生活中。塑料模主要包括注射模，壓塑模，擠塑模，此外還有擠出成型模，泡沫塑料的發(fā)泡成型模，低發(fā)泡注射成型模，吹塑模等。
我國模具技術的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢20世紀80年代開始，發(fā)達工業(yè)國家的模具工業(yè)已從機床工業(yè)中分離出來，并發(fā)展成為獨立的工業(yè)部門，其產(chǎn)值已超過機床工業(yè)的產(chǎn)值。改革開放以來，我國的模具工業(yè)發(fā)展也十分迅速。近10年來，每年都以 15％的增長速度快速發(fā)展。許多模具企業(yè)十分重視技術發(fā)展。加大了用于技術進步的投入力度，將技術進步作為企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要動力。
2、本課題研究的主要內容、設計的要求、擬定方案和研究方法、手段
2.1、主要內容：塑件測繪圖、模具裝配圖、模具零件圖、說明書
2.2、本設計的基本要求：
2.2.1不少于3000字的文獻綜述；
2.2.2充分了解塑件結構，繪制3D圖，并完成基本參數(shù)的計算及注射機的選用；
2.2.3確定模具類型及結構，完成模具的結構草圖的繪制；
2.2.4運用Pro/E或solidworks等工具軟件輔助設計完成模具整體結構 ；
2.2.5對模具工作部分尺寸及公差進行設計計算；
2.2.6對模具典型零件需進行選材及熱處理工藝路線分析；
2.2.7編制模具中典型零件的制造工藝規(guī)程卡片；
2.2.8對設計方案和設計結果進行經(jīng)濟分析和環(huán)保分析；
2.2.9繪制模具零件圖及裝配圖；
2.2.10對模具結構進行三維剖析，輸出模具開合結構圖；
2.2.11編寫設計說明書（所有3D圖插入說明書中恰當位置）。
2.3、擬定方案
2.3.1耳機零件圖圖1。
圖1耳機零件圖
2.3.2耳機模型外形圖2。
圖2外形
2.3.3設計要求
課題名稱：耳機塑料模具設計；材料選擇：聚乙烯；生產(chǎn)批量：大批量；精度要求：中；塑料等級：6級。
2.3.4方案擬定
方案確定：該產(chǎn)品為大批量生產(chǎn)。故設計的模具要有較高的注塑效率，澆注系統(tǒng)要能自動脫模，可采用點澆口自動脫模結構。由于該塑件要求批量大，制件較小，為取得較大的經(jīng)濟效益，所以模具采用一模四腔結構。此方案生產(chǎn)效率高，操作簡便，動作可靠，方便脫出流道凝料，經(jīng)濟性價比高，故選此次模具設計選用方案。
2.4、研究方法、手段：
本設計題目涉及目標均為工程實際零件，通過對塑件的實體測繪，完成基本參數(shù)的采集，然后運用《注塑模具設計》、《塑料模具設計》、《塑料成型工藝》等知識，指導學生利用AutoCAD和Pro/E或soildworks等軟件完成模具結構的設計，并進行相關的校核計算，完成包括選材熱處理、制造工藝規(guī)程、可行性分析等工作。本設計旨在鍛煉學生在專業(yè)技術應用能力上達到培養(yǎng)目標的基本要求，在塑料成型工藝與塑料模具設計技術方面得到全面提高，并受到模具設計工程師的基本訓練。
3、本課題研究的重點及難點，前期已開展工作
3.1、重點及難點:
本課題研究的重點是模具總體結構的設計優(yōu)化選擇,應用相關軟件進行零件圖和裝配圖繪制,以及對模具結構進行三維剖析輸出開合模具結構圖.難點在于抽芯機構的設計和總體方案的優(yōu)化選擇,以及模具三維結構剖析和開合模具圖輸出。
3.2、前期工作：
3.2.1查閱了相關專業(yè)資料為設計做好準備；
3.2.2完成模具二維圖、3D圖的繪制；
3.2.3進行了模具結構的簡單分析，擬訂了兩套簡單結構方案。
4、完成本課題的工作方案及進度計劃（按周次填寫）
第1周：熟悉課題，工廠參觀注塑生產(chǎn)過程，繪制塑件3D圖；
第2周：確定模具類型及結構，繪制模具結構草圖，準備開題答辯；
第3-8周：對模具工作部分尺寸及公差進行設計計算，并運用Pro/E或solidworks輔助設計完成部分模具零件，準備中期答辯, 翻譯外文資料；
第9-14周：運用Pro/E或solidworks完成模具整體結構3D圖，完成模具零件的選材、工藝規(guī)程的編制、裝配圖及零件圖的 繪制等工作；
第15周：對所有圖紙進行校核，編寫設計說明書，所有資料提請指導教師檢查，準備畢業(yè)答辯。
參考文獻
[1] 徐政坤，塑料成型工藝與模具設計，北京：國防工業(yè)出版社，2008
[2] 胡仁喜，Pro/ENGINEER wildfire 化學工業(yè)出版社，2010
[3] 張克惠，注塑模設計，西北工業(yè)大學出版社，1955年1月
[4] 模具實用技術叢書編委會，塑料模具設計制造與應用實例，機械工業(yè)出版社
[5] 葛正浩，楊芙蓮，Pro/E塑料制品設計入門與實踐，化學工業(yè)出版社
[6] 徐政坤，塑料成型工藝與模具設計，北京：國防工業(yè)出版社，2008
[7] 李秦蕊，塑料模具設計，西北工業(yè)大學出版社，2006
[8] 王樹勛，蘇樹珊模具實用技術設計綜合手冊，華南理工大學出版社,2003
[9] 李秦蕊，塑料模具設計，西北工業(yè)大學出版社，1988年修訂本
[10] 申開智，塑料成型模具，中國輕工業(yè)出版社，2002
[11] 陳劍鶴，模具設計基礎，機械工業(yè)出版社，2003
[12] 陳萬林，實用模具技術，機械工業(yè)出版社，2000
[13] 陳志剛，塑料模具設計，機械工業(yè)出版社，2002
[14] 廖念釗，古瑩蓭，莫雨松，互換性技術與測量，第五版，北京：中國計量出版社，2007.6
[15] Mechanical Drive(Reference Issue). Machine Design.52(14),1980
[16] Frank W. Wilson, Philip D. Harvey & Charles B. Gump. 2nd ed. Die design
handbook[M]. McGraw-Hill Book Company.1965
5 指導教師意見（對課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見）
指導教師：
年 月 日
6 所在系審查意見：
系主管領導：
年 月 日
畢業(yè)設計（論文）中期報告
題目：耳機外殼塑料模具設計
系 別 機電信息系
專 業(yè) 機械設計制造及其自動化
班 級
姓 名
學 號
導 師
2013年3月25日
1. 設計（論文）進展狀況
1)分析零件的成形工藝性：
通過查閱書籍資料及查閱網(wǎng)絡數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)聚乙烯塑料重量輕，物理性能、化學性能及電氣性能等均很優(yōu)良，且很容易成型，價格便宜。所以，最終確定所制作塑件材料為低壓聚乙烯，并根據(jù)實體塑件測量出實際尺寸。
2）澆注系統(tǒng)的選擇：
根據(jù)所選塑料的工藝性及塑件的形狀，決定選取點澆法澆注，所選澆口類型為側澆口。
3）分型面的選擇：
選擇塑件截面最大的部位。
4）澆注系統(tǒng)的設計與選擇：
包括主流道、分流道、澆注口的設計與選擇。
5）繪制完成了塑件的CAD二維圖和Proe三維圖，繪制模具裝配圖草圖。
6）設計的耳機塑件圖見：
圖1二維零件圖 圖2 三維零件圖
7）方案確定
（1）課題名稱：耳機模具設計
（2）材料選擇：聚乙烯
（3）生產(chǎn)批量：大
（4）精度要求：中
（5）塑料等級：6級
（6）方案確定：該產(chǎn)品為大批量生產(chǎn)。故設計的模具要有較高的注塑效率，澆注系統(tǒng)要能自動脫模，可采用點澆口自動脫模結構。由于該塑件要求批量大，制件較小，為取得較大的經(jīng)濟效益，所以模具采用一模四腔結構。此方案生產(chǎn)效率高，操作簡便，動作可靠，方便脫出流道凝料，經(jīng)濟性價比高，故選此次模具設計選用方案。模具設計圖見圖3：
圖3裝配圖
2. 存在問題及解決措施
在本次設計階段內，我深刻的體會到自己所儲備的知識的不足，以及所查閱資料的缺乏和片面性。尤其針對于注塑機的選型過程，大部分的資料里面都只有注塑機的型號和具體性能數(shù)據(jù)，但是卻缺少如何選擇與校核的方法，令人百思不得其解。最后，本著求同存異的想法，綜合多處查詢資料的結果，選擇基礎結構，進行設計。
我也應該加強自己對塑料模具知識的學習，努力使自己所設計出來的模具更具備可行性和實用性。同時，也應該加強自己與老師、與同學之間的溝通，使自己的設計在互相印證中得到提高和完善，加深自己對本次設計的理解。
最后，我相信自己可以保持積極樂觀的態(tài)度去繼續(xù)接下來的設計過程。在老師的悉心教導下，能夠快速、有效的完成所有設計流程，并最終順利結束本次畢業(yè)設計。
3. 后期工作安排
1、 接下來將用兩周左右的時間對成型零件的設計計算徹底完成。
2、 用兩周時間繪制模具各主要零部件的零件圖及總體裝配圖。
3、 用兩周時間用Proe繪圖軟件對主要零部件進行三維建模，繪制出爆炸圖。
4、 用兩周時間整理相關資料，撰寫畢業(yè)論文，準備畢業(yè)答辯。
指導教師簽字：
年 月 日
Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2001 17 297 304 2001 Springer Verlag London Limited Optimum Gate Design of FreeForm Injection Mould using the Abductive Network J C Lin Department of Mechanical Design Engineering National Hu Wei Institute of Technology Yunlin Taiwan This study uses the injection position and size of the gate as the major control parameters for a simulated injection mould Once the injection parameters gate size and gate position are given the product performance deformation can be accurately predicted by the abductive network developed To avoid the numerous influencing factors first the part line of the parameter equation is created by an abductive network to limit the range of the gate The optimal injection parameters can be searched for by a simulation annealing SA optimisa tion algorithm with a performance index to obtain a perfect part The major purpose is searching for the optimal gate location on the part surface and minimising the air trap and deformation after part formation This study also uses a prac tical example which has been and proved by experiment to achieve a satisfactory result Keywords Abductive network Injection mould Simulation annealing SA 1 Introduction Owing to the rapid development of industry and commerce in recent years there is a need for rapid and high volume production of goods The products are manufactured using moulds in order to save the time and cost Plastic products are the majority Owing to these products not requiring complicated processes it is possible to cope with market demand speedily and conveniently In traditional plastic production the designs of the portions of the mould are determined by humans However because of the increased performance requirements the complexity of plastic products has increased First the geometric shapes of the plastic products are difficult to draw and the internal shape is often complex which also affects the production of the product Injection processing can be divided into three stages Correspondence and offprint requests to Dr J C Lin Department of Mechanical Design Engineering National Hu Wei Institute of Technology Yunlin 632 Taiwan E mail linrcKsunws nhit edu tw 1 Heat the plastic material to a molten state Then by high pressure force the material to the runner and then into the mould cavity 2 When the filling of the mould cavity is completed more molten plastic should be delivered into the cavity at high pressure to compensate for the shrinkage of the plastic This ensures complete filling of the mould cavity 3 Take out the product after cooling Though the filling process is only a small proportion of the complete formation cycle it is very important If filling in incomplete there is no pressure holding and cooling is required Thus the flow of the plastic fluid should be controlled thoroughly to ensure the quality of the product The isothermal filling model of a Newtonian fluid is the simplest injection mould flow filling model Richardson 1 produced a complete and detailed concept The major concept is based on the application of lubrication theory and he simplified the complex 3D flow theory to 2D Hele Shaw flow The Hele Shaw flow was used to simulate the potential flow and was furthermore used in the plasticity flow of the plastic He assumed the plasticity flow on an extremely thin plate and fully developed the flow by ignoring the speed change through the thickness Kamal et al used similar methods to obtain the filling condition for a rectangular mould cavity and the analyti cal result obtained was almost identical to the experimental result Plastic material follows the Newtonian fluid model for flow in a mould cavity and Bird et al 2 4 derived mould flow theory based on this When the shape of a mould is complicated and there is variation in thickness then the equilibrium equa tions changes to nonlinear and has no analytical solution Thus it can be solved only by finite difference or numerical solutions 2 5 Of course as the polymer is a visco elastic fluid it is best to solve the flow problem by using visco elasticity equations In 1998 Goyal et al used the White Metzner visco elasticity model to simulate the disk mould flow model for central pouring Metzner using a finite difference method to solve the governing equation fould the visco elasticity effect would not change the distribution of speed and temperature However it affects the stress field very much If it is a pure visco elastic 298 J C Lin flow model the popular GNF model is generally used to perform numerical simulation Currently finite element methods are mostly used for the solution of mould flow problems Other methods are pure visco elastic models such as C FOLW and MOLD FLOW software We used this method as well Some software employs the visco elastic White Metzner model but it is limited to 2D mould flow analysis Simple mould flow analysis is limited by CPU time For the complicated mould shapes Papthanasion et al used UCM fluid for filling analysis using a finite difference method and BFCC coordination system application for the solution of the more complicated mould shape and filling problem but it was not commercialised 6 Many factors affect plastic material injection The filling speed injection pressure and molten temperature holding press ure 7 12 cooling tube 13 14 and injection gate affect the accuracy of the plastic product because when the injection processing is completed the flow of material in the mould cavity results in uneven temperature and pressure and induces residual stress and deformation of the workpiece after cooling It is difficult to decide on the mould part surface and gate positions Generally the mould part surface is located at the widest plane of the mould Searching for the optimal gate position depends on experience Minimal modification to the mould is required if you are lucky However the time and cost required for the modification of most injection moulds exceeds the original cost if the choice of the part line is poor For the mould part surface many workers used various methods to search for the optimal mould part line such as geometric shape and feature based design 15 17 Some workers used finite element methods and abductive networks to look for the optimal gate design for a die casting mould 18 This study used an abductive network to establish the para meter relationship of the mould part line and used this formula for searching for 22 points on the injection mould part line to serve as the location for an injection gate Abductive networks are used to match injection pressure and pressure holding time to perform injection formation analysis and to establish a relationship between these parameters and the output result of the injection process It has been shown that prediction accuracy in abductive networks is much higher than that in other networks 19 Abductive networks based on the abductive modelling tech nique are able to represent complex and uncertain relationships between mould flow analysis results and injection parameters It has beeen shown that the injection strain and injection stress in a product can be predicted with reasonable accuracy based on the developed networks The abductive network has been constructed once the relationships of gate location that are input and simulated have been determined an appropriate optimisation algorithm with a performance index is then used to search for the optimal location parameters In this paper an optimisation method for simulated annealing 20 is presented The simulated annealing algorithm is a simulation of the annealing process for minimising the perform ance index It has been successfully applied to filtering in image processing 21 VLSI layout generation 22 discrete tolerance design 23 wire electrical discharge machining 24 deep draw clearance 25 and casting die runner design 26 etc It provides an experimental foundation based on theory for the development and application of the technologies 2 Mould Flow Theory The mould flow analysis include four major parts 1 Filling stage 2 Pressure holding stage 3 Cooling and solidification stage 4 Shrinkage and warp i e stress residue stage Thus the major mould flow equations are divided into four groups In the filling stage the mould cavity is filled with molten plastic fluid at high presssure Thus the governing equations include 1 Continuity equation The plastic deformation or shape change accompany the flow during the filling process mass conservation r t V 0 1 r plastic density V vector velocity 2 Momentum equation Newton s second law is used to derive the momentum acceleration condition or force balance generated by plastic flow r F V t V V G VP t rf 2 P flow pressure f body force t stress tensor 3 Energy equation The energy conservation of system and laws of conservation of flow material if the fluid is incom pressible rC P F T t V T G q t V 3 T temperature C P specific heat of constant pressure q heat flux 4 Rheology equation t f n g T P 4 g V V T 5 V deform tensor V T transport vector Holding pressure analysis The holding pressure process is to maintain the pressure after the mould cavity is filled in order to inject more plastic to compensate for the shrinkage in cooling r V 1 t P x 1 F t 11 x 1 t 21 x 2 t 31 x 3 G 6 r V 2 t P x 2 F t 12 x 1 t 22 x 2 t 32 x 3 G 7 r V 3 t P x 1 F t 13 x 1 t 23 x 2 t 33 x 3 G 8 Optimum Gate Design of FreeForm Injection Mould 299 Cooling analysis The analysis of the cooling process con siders the relationship of the plastic flow distribution and heat transmission The homogenous mould temperature and the sequence of filling will be affected by the shrinkage of the product formed If the temperature is distributed non uniformly it tends to produce warp This is mainly due to heat transfer and crystallisation heat of the plastic rC P T t k F 2 T x 2 1 2 T x 2 2 2 T x 3 3 G rC P rDH 9 r crystallisation rate DH crystallisation heat 3 Abductive Network Synthesis and Evaluation Miller 22 observed that human behaviour limits the amount of information considered at a time The input data are summar ised and then the summarised information is passed to a higher reasoning level In an abductive network a complex system can be decom posed into smaller simpler subsystems grouped into several layers using polynomial function nodes These nodes evaluate the limited number of inputs by a polynomial function and generate an output to serve as an input to subsequent nodes of the next layer These polynomial functional nodes are specified as follows 1 Normaliser A normaliser transforms the original input variables into a relatively common region a 1 q 0 q 1 x 1 10 Where a 1 is the normalised input q 0 q 1 are the coefficients of the normaliser and x 1 is the original input 2 White node A white node consists of linear weighted sums of all the outputs of the previous layer b 1 r 0 r 1 y 1 r 2 y 2 r 3 y 3 r n y n 11 Where y 1 y 2 y 3 y n are the input of the previous layer b 1 is the output of the node and the r 0 r 1 r 2 r 3 r n are the coefficients of the triple node 3 Single double and triple nodes These names are based on the number of input variables The algebraic form of each of these nodes is shown in the following single c 1 s 0 s 1 z 1 s 2 z 2 1 s 3 z 3 1 12 double d 1 t 0 t 1 n 1 t 2 n 2 1 t 3 n 3 1 t 4 n 2 t 5 n 2 2 t 6 n 3 2 t 7 n 1 n 2 13 triple e 1 u 0 u 1 o 1 u 2 o 2 1 u 3 o 3 1 u 4 o 2 u 5 o 2 2 u 6 o 3 2 u 7 o 3 u 8 o 2 3 u 9 o 3 3 u 10 o 1 o 2 u 11 o 2 o 3 u 12 o 1 o 3 u 13 o 1 o 2 o 3 14 where z 1 z 2 z 3 z n n 1 n 2 n 3 n n o 1 o 2 o 3 o n are the input of the previous layer c 1 d 1 and e 1 are the output of the node and the s 0 s 1 s 2 s 3 s n t 0 s 1 t 2 t 3 t n u 0 u 1 u 2 u 3 u n are the coefficients of the single double and triple nodes These nodes are third degree polynomial Eq and doubles and triples have cross terms allowing interaction among the node input variables 4 Unitiser On the other hand a unitiser converts the output to a real output f 1 v 0 v 1 i 1 15 Where i 1 is the output of the network f 1 is the real output and v 0 and v 1 are the coefficients of the unitiser 4 Part Surface Model This study uses an actual industrial product as a sample Fig 1 The mould part surface is located at the maximum projection area As shown in Fig 1 the bottom is the widest plane and is chosen as the mould part surface However most important is the searching of gate position on the part surface This study establishes the parameter equation by using an abductive neuron network in order to establish the simulated annealing method SA to find the optimal gate path position The parameter equation of a part surface is expressed by F Y X First use a CMM system to measure the XYZ coordinate values in this study z 0 of 22 points on the mould part line on the mould part surface as illustrated in Table 1 and the gate position is completely on the curve in this space Prior to developing a space curve model a database has to be trained and a good relationship msut exist between the control point and abductive network system A correct and Fig 1 Injection mould product 300 J C Lin Table 1 X Y coordinate Set number X coordinate Y coordinate 1 0 02 4 6 2 1 63 4 33 3 3 28 3 5 4 5 29 2 04 5 7 31 0 56 6 9 34 0 9 7 11 33 2 35 8 12 98 3 94 9 13 85 5 57 10 14 12 7 34 11 13 69 9 67 12 12 96 11 9 13 10 00 21 03 14 9 33 23 16 15 8 64 25 28 16 7 98 27 39 17 7 87 28 31 18 7 80 29 29 19 7 83 30 34 20 7 60 31 30 21 7 07 32 15 22 6 11 32 49 precise curve Eq is helpful for finding the optimal gate location To build a complete abductive network the first requirement is to train the database The information given by the input and output parameters must be sufficient A predicted square error PSE criterion is then used to determine automatically an optimal structure 23 The PSE criterion is used to select the least complex but still accurate network The PSE is composed of two terms PSE FSE K P 16 Where FSE is the average square error of the network for fitting the training data and K P is the complex penalty of the network shown by the following equation K P CPM 2s 2 p K N 17 Where CPM is the complex penalty multiplier K P is a coef ficient of the network N is the number of training data to be used and s 2 p is a prior estimate of the model error variance Based on the development of the database and the prediction of the accuracy of the part surface a three layer abductive network which comprised design factors input various Y coordinate and output factors X coordinate is synthesised automatically It is capable of predicting accurately the space curve at any point under various control parameters All poly nomial equations used in this network are listed in Appendix A PSE 5 8 10 3 Table 2 compares the error predicted by the abductive model and CMM measurement data The measurement daa is excluded from the 22 sets of CMM measurement data for establishing the model This set of data is used to test the appropriateness of the model established above We can see from Table 2 that the error is approximately 2 13 which shows that the model is suitable for this space curve Table 2 CMMS coordinate and neural network predict compared it is not included in any original 22 sets database Items CMMS neural network Error values coordinate predict CMMS predict coordinate CMMS Coordinate 11 25 16 0 11 01 16 0 2 13 5 Create the Injection Mould Model Similarly the relationship is established between input para meters gate location and gate size and the output parameter deformation during the injection process To build a complete abductive network the first requirement is to train the database The information given by the input and the output data must be sufficient Thus the training factor gate location for abductive network training should be satisfactory for making defect free products Figure 2 shows the simulation of FEM mould flow Table 3 shows the position of the gate and the maximum deformation of the product obtained from mould flow analysis Based on the development of the injection mould model three layer abductive networks which are comprised of injec tion mould conditions and the injection results deformation are synthesised automatically They are capable of predicting accurately the product strain the result of injection moulded product under various control parameters All polynomial equations used in this network are listed in Appendix B PSE 2 3 10 5 Table 4 compares the error predicted by the abductive model and the simulation case The simulation case is excluded from the 22 sets of simulation cases for establishing the model This set of data is used to test the appropriateness of the model established above We can see from Table 4 that the error is Fig 2 The deformation of FEM mould flow Optimum Gate Design of FreeForm Injection Mould 301 Table 3 Gate location and the maximum strain relationship Set number X coordinate Y coordinate Gate width Gate length Produce max strain 1 0 02 4 6 0 525 1 1475 0 348 2 1 63 4 33 0 7 1 53 0 3153 3 3 28 3 5 0 875 1 9125 0 2710 4 5 29 2 04 1 05 2 295 0 2858 5 7 31 0 56 0 525 1 1475 0 3017 6 9 34 0 9 0 7 1 53 0 526 7 11 33 2 35 0 875 1 9125 0 2369 8 12 98 3 94 1 05 2 295 0 2517 9 13 85 5 57 0 525 1 1475 0 2788 10 14 12 7 34 0 7 1 53 0 2773 11 13 69 9 67 0 875 1 9125 0 2988 12 12 96 11 9 1 05 2 295 0 2997 13 10 00 21 03 0 525 1 1475 0 2576 14 9 33 23 16 0 7 1 53 0 2624 15 8 64 25 28 0 875 1 9125 0 2542 16 7 98 27 39 1 05 2 295 0 2495 17 7 87 28 31 0 525 1 1475 0 2503 18 7 80 29 29 0 7 1 53 0 2456 19 7 83 30 34 0 875 1 9125 0 2596 20 7 60 31 30 1 05 2 295 0 2457 21 7 07 32 15 0 525 1 1475 0 2499 22 6 11 32 49 0 7 1 53 0 2511 Table 4 Mould flow simulated and neural network predict compared it is not included in any original 22 set database Items FEM mould flow Neural network simulation predict X coordinate 11 01 11 01 Y coordinate 16 0 16 0 Gate width 1 8 1 8 Gate height 0 9 0 9 Produce max deformation 0 3178 0 3325 Error values 4 62 FEM predict FEM approximately 4 62 which shows that the model is suitable for this model requirement 6 Simulation Annealing Theory In 1983 a theory that was capable of solving the global optimisation problem was developed for the optimised problem The concept was a powerful optimisation algorithm based on the annealing of a solid which solved the combinatorial optimisation problem of multiple variables When the tempera ture is T and energy E the thermal equilibrium of the system is a Boltzman distribution P r 1 Z T exp S E K B T D 18 Z T normalisation factor K B Boltzman constant Exp E K B T Boltzman factor Metropolis 24 proposed a criterion for simulating the cool ing of a solid to a new state of energy balance The basic criterion used by Metropolis is an optimisation algorithm called simulated annealing The algorithm was developed by Kirk patrick et al 20 In this paper the simulation annealing algorithm is used to search for the optimal control parameters for gate location Figure 3 shows the flowchart of the simulated annealing search First the algorithm is given an initial temperature T s and a final temperature T e and a set of initial process vectors O x The objective function obj is defined based on the injection parameter performance index The objective function can be recalculated for all the different perturbed compensation para meters If the new objective function becomes smaller the peturbed process parameters are accepted as the new process parameters and the temperature drops a little in scale That is T i 1 T i C T 19 where i is the index for the temperature decrement and the C T is the decay ratio for the temperature C T 1 However if the objective function becomes larger the prob ability of acceptance of the perturbed process parameters is given as P r obj exp F Dobj K B T G 20 Where K B is the Boltzman constant and Dobj is the different in the objective function The procedure is repeated until the temperature T i approaches zero It shows the energy dropping to the lowest state Once the