2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪核心考點(diǎn)探究與練習(xí) 教材復(fù)習(xí)篇 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 1　Great scientists 必修5Unit 1　Great scientists 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 When I looked out on the white blanket 1.　　　　　　(cover) the ground,I couldn’t help but smile a bit.It was so beautiful.It softened the bare trees and hid the dead grass.In the 2.　　　　　　(distant),I could hear the sound of the snow on the road,the bark of 3.　　　　　 happy dog,and the laughter of children playing outside,4.　　　　　　(enjoy) their day off from school. The sweet music of that laughter 5.　　　　　　(bring) back a hundred memories of winters past.I remembered 6.(catch) snowflakes on my tongue,building snowmen,making snow angels,sledding 7.　　　　　 hills,and always losing the snowball fights with first my brothers and then my own children.Standing there in that warm coat of remembering made the wind a little less cold.I turned up my head,stuck out my tongue,8.　　　　　 for the first time in years caught a snowflake on it.It tasted so 9.(freshness) and clean.It tasted like youth,like joy,and like love.I looked up to the heavens and 10.(sincere) thanked God for all of my memories and for the simple truth that you are never too old to be young again. 答案1.covering　2.distance　3.a　4.enjoying　5.brought 6.catching　7.down　8.and　9.fresh　10.sincerely conclude vt.& vi.斷定；推斷出；終止；達(dá)成 (1)conclude (2)conclude sth.以……結(jié)束…… to conclude最后 (3)conclusion n．結(jié)論；結(jié)束 draw/reach/arrive at/e to/lead to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 e to the conclusion that...所得結(jié)論是…… in conclusion最后 ①(2016上海卷)The Americanborn architect Robert Venturi __concluded__ (conclusion) that if simplicity is done badly，the result is soulless design. 美國(guó)建筑家Robert Venturi總結(jié)過(guò)，如果簡(jiǎn)約沒(méi)有做好，那么這樣的設(shè)計(jì)就是沒(méi)有靈魂的。 ②He __concluded__ (conclude) his speech with a famous saying：“Where there is a will，there is a way.” 他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”結(jié)束他的演講。 ③Jack said he could conclude __from__ Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money.But everyone knew Jack always came to a __conclusion__ (conclude) without any evidence to support his conclusion.In __conclusion__ (conclude)，nobody was likely to believe Jane was a thief. 杰克說(shuō)他能從簡(jiǎn)的表情斷定簡(jiǎn)偷了他的錢。但是每個(gè)人都知道杰克總是沒(méi)有任何證據(jù)的得出結(jié)論來(lái)支持他的推論。最后，沒(méi)有人愿意相信簡(jiǎn)是個(gè)賊。 attend vt.專心；留意；注意vt.出席，參加；照顧，護(hù)理 (1)attend a lecture/a meeting/a conference/school/class聽(tīng)講座/出席會(huì)議/上學(xué)/上課 attend to 處理；照顧 attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顧某人 (2)attendance n．出席，參加；上學(xué)；到場(chǎng) (3)attendant n．服務(wù)員，侍者，侍從，隨從；護(hù)理者 ①(教材原句) John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。 ②They __attended__ (attend) college together at Beijing University. 他們一起就讀于北京大學(xué)。 ③單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I then made it a point __to attend__ (attend) those meetings and learn all I could. expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 expose...to 使顯露；暴露 be exposed to 暴露于……，處于……危險(xiǎn)中 expose sth.to sb.向某人揭發(fā)某事 expose sb.to sth.使某人接觸到某物，使面臨，使遭受 ①(教材原句)The water panies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. 自來(lái)水公司接到指示：不得使人們?cè)偈芪鬯挠绊憽? ②__Being exposed__ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. 暴露在陽(yáng)光下太久對(duì)皮膚有害。 ③Take care not to keep your children __exposed__ (expose) to the bad books and magazines. 當(dāng)心不要讓孩子接觸不良書(shū)籍和雜志。 absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心；并入 (1)absorb/attract/draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 absorb...into...把……吸收進(jìn)…… (2)absorbed adj.全神貫注的 be absorbed by/into...被……吞并；被……所吸收 be absorbed/buried in 全神貫注于；專心于 ①(教材原句)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二種看法表明人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。 ②(2015天津卷)__Absorbed__ (absorb) in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching. ③單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I don’t want to get too __absorbed__ (absorb) in modeling. blame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于 n．過(guò)失；責(zé)備 (1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而責(zé)備某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到某人頭上 be to blame(for...) 應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備(用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義) (2)get the blame 受到責(zé)難 get/accept/bear/take the blame for...對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé) lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事歸咎于某人身上 ①(教材原句)It seemed that the water was to blame. 看來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住? ②They all blamed the car accident __on__ him.In fact，he was really __to blame__ (blame) for his careless driving.So he got the blame __for__ it without any plaint. 他們把車禍歸咎于他。實(shí)際上，他確實(shí)應(yīng)該因粗心駕駛受到責(zé)備。于是，他毫無(wú)怨言地?fù)?dān)負(fù)起了車禍的責(zé)任。 ③(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I often had crazy dreams in which I was __to blame__ (blame) for Miller’s accident. 我經(jīng)常做一些古怪的夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)到自己該對(duì)米勒的事故負(fù)責(zé)。 contribute vi.& vt.捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助 (1) (2) ①We hope your suggestion will contribute to __solving__ (solve) the problem. 我們希望你的建議有助于解決問(wèn)題。 ②Many people contributed money __to__ the poor boy，which contributed to his __returning__ (return) to school.A writer wrote a story about it and __contributed__ (contribute) it to China Daily. 許多人給這個(gè)可憐的小男孩捐了款，這使他重返校園。一位作家寫了一篇關(guān)于此事的故事并把它投給了《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》。 ③(2015全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive __contribution__ (contribute) to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”． ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017浙江卷)Others say it’s only natural that newers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they __can contribute__ (contribute) to society. 【七選五】 Freshmen anywhere may be nervous about university life. Here, three pieces of advice are for them. Listen but don’t be silent The world is held in students’ hand via smart phones. Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important. 　 1 　It forces students to face the difficulties of training a deep attentiveness. Unsurprisingly, students find it hard to speak out, ask questions or for points of clarification. They don’t want to appear foolish or incapable. However, there is no such thing as a foolish question. Teachers are there to help you understand. This also goes for seminars and workshops. 　 2 　 Read and buy books 　 3 　There’re so many useful online sources today, but the habit of reading books, especially whole books, is something being lost. Buy your own books. There are many bargains to be found on used-book websites or through Amazon. Being a book lover and buyer will help any student get the most out of their education. 　 4 　 As a student, you don’t just have to learn to listen and bee an active reader: you also have to bee an academic writer. Written work at college level cannot be done at the last minute or in a rush. It takes time. Turn to your teachers. If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反饋)ahead of the final submission. 　 5 　 Students who get feedback on their work always do better than those who do not. It is one of the few educational laws that holds true in all cases. A. Don’t try to do it all the night before. B. However, a lecture is a listening workout. C. Thinking clearly cannot be done in a rush. D. So train your ear, listen carefully, but don’t be silent. E. Reading is the most important thing that any student does. F. Re-writing has proved to be the turning point in one’s degree. G. If they won’t read drafts, then see them to run through your ideas. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了大學(xué)一年級(jí)新生如何適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。 1.B 【解析】考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)前文＂Thus, they may consider lecture listening less important.＂（因此，他們可能認(rèn)為聽(tīng)講座不重要）與B項(xiàng)(然而一個(gè)講座就是一次聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練)在此相銜接，故選B。 2.D 【解析】考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)前文＂This also goes for seminars and workshops. ＂（這需要到研討班）與D項(xiàng)（仔細(xì)聽(tīng)訓(xùn)練你的聽(tīng)力，但不要沉默）銜接，故選D。 3.E 【解析】考查語(yǔ)篇邏輯。本段的主旨是＂Read and buy books＂（閱讀和購(gòu)買書(shū)），而E項(xiàng)（閱讀對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)很重要）符合邏輯，故選E。 5.G 【解析】考查語(yǔ)篇邏輯。前文＂If they will read draft essays then make sure you can get feedback(反饋)ahead of the final submission.＂（如果他們閱讀了草稿就能確保在你上交前得到反饋）與 G項(xiàng)（如果他們沒(méi)有閱讀草稿，看他們理解你的觀點(diǎn)）形成并列符合邏輯，故選G。 apart from 此外，除了……之外 in addition 除……之外，另外還 apart from/aside from 除……之外 besides＝in addition to 除……之外(還，也) but/except 除……之外(都) except for 除……之外(表細(xì)節(jié)上的修正，“美中不足”) except that/when/what etc.除……之外 ①(教材原句)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上邊提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你也學(xué)過(guò)下邊這些短語(yǔ)。 ②Except __for__ her illnesses，she had had a particularly happy childhood. 除了體弱多病外，她的童年特別幸福。 ③I received nothing __except__ what was due to me. 除了我應(yīng)得的東西，我并未接受任何東西。 　besides/except/except for/apart from/but/in addition besides “除了……之外，還有……”，指“在整體中加入一部分” except 從所提到的人或事物中除去，即從整體中除去一部分 except for 表示對(duì)整體主要部分的肯定和對(duì)局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用；表示非同類事物進(jìn)行比較；置于句首，表達(dá)except的含義 apart from 既可表示besides，也可以表示except或except for，還可以表示without的意思 but 在意思上相當(dāng)于except，但常用在不定代詞或疑問(wèn)詞后面 in addition 相當(dāng)于副詞besides，表示“另外”；in addition to相當(dāng)于介詞besides put forward 把……拿出來(lái)給人看；提出；推薦；把……提前 put in 插入；放進(jìn)；安裝；種植；插(話)；提出；申請(qǐng) put away 把……放好；儲(chǔ)存……備用；處理掉 put off 推遲；阻止；脫掉；使分心；關(guān)掉 put out 放出；生產(chǎn)；發(fā)布；熄滅；困擾；逐出 put up 舉起；進(jìn)行；建造；接待；張貼；暫住 put up with/bear/stand/tolerate容忍；忍受 put through接通電話；完成；使經(jīng)受 ①(教材原句)Who put forward a theory about black holes? 誰(shuí)提出的黑洞理論？ ②That woman，as a housewife，has a lot __to put__ (put) up with. 那個(gè)女人是個(gè)家庭主婦不得不忍受許多煩惱。 ③單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017天津卷)The proposal put __forward__ by Dobrindt aims to help promote fully automatic driving. make sense 講得通；有意義 (1)make sense of...理解，明白…… make no sense 沒(méi)道理，沒(méi)意義 there is no/much sense in doing sth. 做某事沒(méi)道理(意義)/很有意義 (2)mon sense 常識(shí) have a sense of...有……感 in a sense 在某一方面；就某種意義來(lái)說(shuō) in no sense 決不(放句首句子用部分倒裝) a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction 責(zé)任感/幽默感/美感/方向感 ①(教材原句)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說(shuō)得清楚。 ②Only when you read between the lines several times can you make sense __of__ the main idea of this passage. 只有當(dāng)你反復(fù)閱讀字里行間的意思時(shí)才能理解這篇文章的大意。 ③__In__ no sense can we lie to our parents. 我們決不能向父母說(shuō)謊。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers were what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something differently.As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day，so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions，what were very useful，and I read it carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the feel that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me. 【答案】　 The day before Mothers Day，everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers what most students would do.However，I wanted to do something .As then I lived in school and couldnt go back home on Mothers Day， I decided to call her and her my best wishes.I searched the Internet for suggestions， were very useful，and I read carefully.When I called my mother，however，I had the that someone elses words would have no meaning to her.So I gave and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her all she had done for me. 第一處：most前加the?？疾楣谠~。母親節(jié)前一天，我周圍的所有人都在談?wù)撌裁词撬麄儗槟赣H買的最合適的禮物。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為形容詞的最高級(jí)，故在most前加the。 第二處：were→was?？疾橹髦^一致。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Buying flowers作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式，故將were改為was。 第三處：differently→different?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾不定代詞something需用形容詞。注意：different在此作后置定語(yǔ)。 第四處：去掉so。考查連詞。as“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，故后面的so多余。 第五處：sent→send?？疾閯?dòng)詞。and連接的不是并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是不定式，第二個(gè)不定式前的to承前省略了。 第六處：what→which。考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為suggestions，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。注意：what不可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 第七處：it→them?？疾榇~。指代前面的suggestions，需用復(fù)數(shù)代詞them。 第八處：feel→feeling?？疾槊~。feel作名詞表示“觸覺(jué)，印象”，而feeling作名詞表示“想法，意見(jiàn)，感覺(jué)”，顯然此處要用feeling。 第九處：in→up。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。give in是“讓步，屈服”的意思，與語(yǔ)義不符。give up意為“放棄”，符合語(yǔ)境要求。 第十處：to→for?？疾榻樵~。此處表示我感謝媽媽為我做過(guò)的一切。thank sb.for sth.“為某事感謝某人”為固定用法。 He __got interested in__ two theories explaining how cholera killed people. 他對(duì)兩種解釋霍亂害人的理論產(chǎn)生了興趣。 本句中g(shù)et為連系動(dòng)詞，意為“變得，變成”?！癵et＋形容詞”表示的是動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程，如get ill表示“患病，得病”；“be＋形容詞”則表示靜態(tài)，如be ill意為“病了，病著”。以下get取代了be的結(jié)構(gòu)中，get均表示從無(wú)到有的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程：get lost(迷路)；get married(結(jié)婚)；get used to(習(xí)慣于)；get tired(累了)；get dressed(穿好衣服)；get angry(發(fā)怒)，等等。 ①I got __interested__ (interest) in playing basketball when I was in high school. 我在高中時(shí)，開(kāi)始對(duì)籃球感興趣。 ②I have __to get__ (get) dressed before eight o’clock. 我必須8點(diǎn)前穿好衣服。 ③Don’t get __excited__ (excite) about the examination；keep cool. 不要對(duì)考試太激動(dòng)，沉著點(diǎn)。 【閱讀理解】 Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planet’s population survive climate change. Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world’s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸鹽）—the main ponent of vinegar. After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water pletely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. "In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）," Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine. Kim also told the magazine he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn’t as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some panies, to make a method to apply this system, "he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died. 1.What is the article mainly about? A. The world’s food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts. C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts. 2.It was discovered that acetate can . A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the Arabidopsis C. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil 3.What are the target plants of the experiment? A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis. C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis. 4.Jong Myong Kim’s experiment of trying out the method . A. can make people’s trips pleasant B. turned out a worldwide success C. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants D. appeals to many flower growing panies 【文章大意】 本文屬于科普類文章。醋不僅使食物味道更好，還可以用它來(lái)清潔你的窗戶。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)醋中生長(zhǎng)的植物，使它們更耐干旱。 1.D 【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要講述了醋能讓植物在干旱的環(huán)境中生存，即能抗擊干旱，故選D。 3.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，主要針對(duì)大米，小麥和玉米等。故選C。 4.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的第一句“Kim…h(huán)e’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已與對(duì)此感興趣的花卉種植公司聯(lián)系，也就是吸引這些公司。故選D。