2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪優(yōu)練題 Unit 1 Women of achievement（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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Unit 1 Women of achievement (必修4　Unit 1) 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country.In Australia, Canada, the United States 1. European countries，sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture，it is more important to avoid 2. (give) highly personal gifts such as clothing.When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3. ( country)，it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess. In America, 4. (expense)gifts are definitely out.A good 5. (choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner，or to 6. entertainment or a sporting event. 7. the contrary，gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan.In Japan the proper gift is thought 8. (express)the givers true friendship，gratitude and respect far 9. (well) than words can.So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here，be prepared. Australia is known for its friendliness and informality.So modest gifts，such as a diary，a paperweight，or a coffee cup might 10. (present)to a friend.At a trade show，Tshirts，ties，baseball caps，or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs.Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了美國(guó)、日本、澳大利亞等國(guó)不同的送禮物習(xí)慣。 1．a(chǎn)nd　[考查連詞。根據(jù)空前的“Australia，Canada，the United States”和空后的“European countries”可知，空處前后為并列關(guān)系，故用并列連詞and。] 2．giving　[考查動(dòng)名詞。avoid doing sth.為固定搭配，意為“避免做某事”，故填giving。] 3．countries　[考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的these可知，可數(shù)名詞country應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。] 4．expensive　[考查形容詞?？仗幮揎椇竺娴拿~gifts，故用形容詞形式。] 5．choice　[考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的形容詞good和不定冠詞A可以判斷，空處應(yīng)用名詞的單數(shù)形式。] 6．a(chǎn)n　[考查不定冠詞。該處泛指“一次娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)”，entertainment的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用an。] 7．On　[考查固定搭配。on the contrary為固定搭配，意為“與此相反”。] 8．to express　[考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處表示“在日本，恰當(dāng)?shù)亩Y物被認(rèn)為表達(dá)了送禮物者真正的友誼”。be thought to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“被認(rèn)為做了某事”，故用動(dòng)詞不定式。] 9．better　[考查比較級(jí)。根據(jù)空后的than可知，該處用well的比較級(jí)。] 10．be presented　[考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句主語(yǔ)modest gifts和動(dòng)詞present之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。] Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A People took bets on when Le Ho’s business,Capital City Waste Services(CCWS),would fail,but she has proved the doubters wrong by turning the waste management business into a multi-million dollar empire. Le Ho had a poor start to life in Australia.When she was 18 days old,her family arrived in Australia from Vietnam on a fishing boat.At the age of 21,Ho started her first business called Honey Bee,a bridal store.In six years she grew that to six stores,but the market for Internet shopping changed things greatly.Therefore,she wanted to find some business that,whatever the economy,would be there. It turned out the answer was waste management.Ho first came across CCWS when she helped to run the business for a friend who was a director and had to go overseas.In 2010,Ho decided to buy it for $50,000 although the business was losing about $20,000 a month. To cut down costs,Ho took on all the roles in the business from sales to driving a truck.She started the day with a waste collection run and then changed clothes to go to meetings.Evenings were spent reading books and sending emails.She worked 18 hours a day for the first 12 months. Ho’s hard work paid off after her business doubled in the first 12 months.Over the next 12 months the ine doubled again.Ho picked the right industry with IBISWorld (an Australian research pany) analysis valuing solid waste collection services at $6.2 billion for 2015-2016 and predicting annual growth of 3.8 per cent in the future. However,Ho faced discrimination (歧視) when starting out in an industry controlled by men.But it only inspired her.She regarded it as a driving force for her to get in the truck at 6 am.She said that any business or job that men can do,women can do too.And she proved it with her success. 1.When Le Ho was in her twenties,she 　　　. A.took a boat trip to Vietnam B.owned several bridal stores C.got interested in online shopping D.moved to Australia with her parents 2.Le Ho took over CCWS mainly because 　　　. A.her own business had failed B.her friend advised her to do so C.she wanted to make a bet with others D.she believed the waste industry is more stable 3.According to the IBISWorld analysis,we can infer that Le Ho is 　　　. A.petent　　　　　　B.ambitious C.far-sighted D.strong-willed 4.How did Le Ho deal with the discrimination against her? A.She simply ignored it. B.She chose to keep silent. C.She used it to encourage herself. D.She expressed her anger publicly. B The wedding tradition of“something old，something new，something borrowed and something blue”has been around for hundreds of years.The tradition of carrying or wearing one of each item is said to bring luck and fortune to the newly married couple.Have you ever stopped to think what the saying really means？What is its origin and what does each item represent? The original saying dates back to the Victoria times and states，“something old，something new，something borrowed，something blue and a silver sixpence in your shoe.” Something old A bride may wear or carry something old to represent her continued ties to her family and her old life.Many brides wear a piece of family jewelry as their old item.Some brides wear the wedding dress worn by their mother or grandmother.In many cases，something old may also be something borrowed. Something new Wearing something new is supposed to represent success and hope in the brides new life and in her marriage.If the bride purchases her wedding dress，it may represent her new item，but any item that is new may be used.Something“new” is usually the easiest kind to fill. Something borrowed The borrowed item should be something borrowed from a friend that is happily married.It is said that their happiness will rub off on you and bring lasting happiness to your marriage.Some brides borrow an item of clothing，a piece of jewelry，a handkerchief or perhaps a beaded(飾以珠子的)purse. Something blue Wearing something blue dates back to ancient times when a blue wedding dress was worn to represent purity，fidelity and love. A silver sixpence Placing a silver sixpence in the brides left shoe is said to be a symbol of wealth.This not only refers to financial wealth，but also a wealth of happiness and joy throughout her married life.Since most brides probably dont even know what a sixpence is，this part of the tradition is not used very often in modern times.However，if a bride would like to include it in her wedding，she can purchase a silver sixpence from many panies that sell bridal supplies such as garters (襪帶)and invitations. 1．Why does the first paragraph end with two questions? A．To invite readers to answer them at once. B．To show the importance of this tradition. C．To have readers interest and attention. D．To test readers knowledge about wedding. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Something old might also be something borrowed actually. B．The part of the tradition“a silver sixpence”is never used now. C．The borrowed item can be something borrowed from any friend. D．Something new is usually the most difficult and expensive kind to fill. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．No brides now are not familiar with the silver sixpence. B．Every item represents something good for the new couple. C．The bride will be more beautiful with all these five items. D．Of the five items，something blue is the most important one. 4．Which word can replace the underlined word“fidelity” in the sixth paragraph? A．Success.　 B．Wealth. C．Loyalty. D．Opportunity. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇總分結(jié)構(gòu)的說(shuō)明文，介紹了西方一種傳統(tǒng)的婚禮習(xí)俗的起源和含義。 1．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，這兩個(gè)問(wèn)句承上啟下，引起讀者的閱讀興趣和注意力。 2．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“In many cases, something old may also be something borrowed”可知，一些老的物件也可以是借來(lái)的。根據(jù)最后一段中的“this part of the tradition is not used very often in modern times”可知，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第五段中的“The borrowed item should be something borrowed from a friend that is happily married ”可知，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“any friend”； D項(xiàng)與文中的“Something‘new’is usually the easiest kind to fill”不符，故排除。 3．B　考查推理判斷。通讀全文可推測(cè)出，這幾樣新婚佩戴的物件都會(huì)給新婚夫婦帶來(lái)好處。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Since most brides probably dont even know what a sixpence is”可知，現(xiàn)在大部分新娘都不知道六便士硬幣是什么，故A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在，新娘都熟悉六便士硬幣”錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，文中只說(shuō)這些物件會(huì)給新婚夫婦帶來(lái)好處，并未涉及新娘佩戴這些物件后是否漂亮的問(wèn)題；這五種物件哪個(gè)更重要文中并未提及，因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 4．C　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合畫線詞前的purity和其后的love可推知，“fidelity”此處意思為“忠誠(chéng)”，即“l(fā)oyalty”。 Ⅱ.七選五閱讀 It was the first day of school,1961.Five-year-old Mae Carol Jemison was a confident kindergartner who could already read.When her teacher asked her,“　1　”Mae replied:“A scientist.”Her teacher looked surprised:Not many women became scientists then,and certainly few black women.　2　 Mae’s love for science took her to the library.She read books about the universe.　3　 In sixth grade she read A Wrinkle in Time and The Arm of the Starfish.“Those books stand out because they had women scientists and girl heroines,”Mae remembers. 　4　She was active in student government,acted in plays,and studied dance.“In dance class,I grew stronger and gained an appreciation for hard work,physical strength,and grace (優(yōu)雅),”she says. In college,Mae studied the physical and social sciences,and learned to speak Russian and the African language Swahili.She earned a degree in chemical engineering and African studies.After college,she studied medicine for four years,and became a medical doctor. 　5　 She trained in Texas,learning about space exploration.She worked for NASA,and waited for a shuttle assignment. When the space shuttle Endeavour went into orbit in 1992,Mae became the first African-American woman to orbit the earth.Mae looked down from the shuttle and saw Chicago.She remembered visiting the library,making science fair projects,and dancing.“I felt like I belonged right there in space,”she remembers. A.She also enjoyed science fiction books. B.But that was Mae’s first and only choice. C.Books weren’t the only way Mae learned. D.What do you want to be when you grow up? E.What do you know about your hero and why? F.Astronauts aren’t born;they go to school like everyone else. G.In 1987,Mae was accepted into NASA’s astronaut program. Ⅲ.書面表達(dá) (2016河南六市第一次聯(lián)考) 為了響應(yīng)都市頻道發(fā)出的“幫助優(yōu)秀貧困學(xué)子”的號(hào)召,校學(xué)生會(huì)計(jì)劃組織全體同學(xué)進(jìn)行捐款捐物。請(qǐng)你以校學(xué)生會(huì)的名義寫一則通知,號(hào)召大家積極參與。 活動(dòng)具體事宜如下: 1.捐款金額不限,物資主要是衣服、棉被、學(xué)習(xí)用品等; 2.活動(dòng)時(shí)間:4月17日上午8:00~10:30; 3.活動(dòng)地點(diǎn):一號(hào)教學(xué)樓前; 4.所捐錢款和物資將會(huì)上交給河南省紅十字會(huì)(Red Cross Society of China Henan Branch)。 注意:詞數(shù)100左右。 Notice (必修4　Unit 1) 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 Ⅰ. A【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。悉尼亞裔女子萊霍通過(guò)自身努力,在垃圾管理行業(yè)取得了驕人的成就。 1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“At the age of 21,Ho started her first business called Honey Bee,a bridal store.In six years she grew that to six stores...”可知,萊霍在二十多歲時(shí)已經(jīng)擁有六家婚紗店。 2.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...she wanted to find some business that,whatever the economy,would be there.”以及第三段中的“It turned out the answer was waste management.”可知,萊霍想尋找不受經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況影響的行業(yè),由于這一想法,她選擇了垃圾管理業(yè),最終接手了CCWS。 3.C　推理判斷題。IBISWorld的分析報(bào)告指出,固體廢品行業(yè)在2015~2016年間值62億澳元,并估計(jì)未來(lái)的年增長(zhǎng)率為3.8%。由此不難看出,該行業(yè)增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)態(tài)良好,萊霍很有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn),選對(duì)了行業(yè)。 4.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But it only inspired her.She regarded it as a driving force...”可知,在受到性別歧視后,萊霍反而把它當(dāng)成一種前進(jìn)的動(dòng)力。 B Ⅱ.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章講述了史上第一位非洲裔美國(guó)女性的航天夢(mèng)想成真的故事。 1.D　由下文的A scientist可推斷,老師是在問(wèn)梅的夢(mèng)想是什么。 2.B　B項(xiàng)與上文的“Not many women became scientists then,and certainly few black women.”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 3.A　由本段首句可知,對(duì)科學(xué)的愛(ài)好使梅走進(jìn)了圖書館,閱讀各種與科學(xué)相關(guān)的書籍。故A項(xiàng)最恰當(dāng)。 4.C　C項(xiàng)在此起承上啟下的作用:上段講梅通過(guò)閱讀學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)知識(shí);下文講她通過(guò)學(xué)生會(huì)的活動(dòng)、話劇、跳舞等提高自己。 5.G　G項(xiàng)與下文的“She trained in Texas,learning about space exploration.She worked for NASA...”相呼應(yīng)。 Ⅲ.Notice In order to help the excellent students who are very poor,the Students’ Union of our school is to launch a donation programme in front of No.1 Teaching Building at 8:00 on the morning of April 17th,2016.And it will last two and a half hours. You can make your donations in two ways.First,you can contribute money and any amount is wele.Second,we will be more than happy to receive materials,such as clothes,quilts and school supplies.All the donations will be given to the Red Cross Society of China Henan Branch. It is a virtue and tradition for us Chinese people to help those in need.What’s more,your help will make a great difference to them.So let’s take action,please! Students’ Union April 10th,2016