2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)選題 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Earthquakes 一、閱讀理解。 It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are being horrible.Everybody knows that the nicest men would bee fierce tigers behind the wheel.It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter. Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense.It takes the most coolheaded drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving.On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way toward reducing the possibility of quarreling and fighting.A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and bees so necessary in modern traffic conditions.But such behavior of politeness is by no means enough.Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous.A typical example is the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oning cars that may not be able to stop in time.The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in a traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship(公路駕車技能)．Years ago，experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more giveandtake(互諒互讓) from all road users.It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　隨著車輛的增多，很多司機(jī)都有可怕的路怒癥，甚至不知道什么是文明交通。專家們呼吁，司機(jī)應(yīng)該互諒互讓，將文明駕駛牢記在心。 1．The passage mainly talks about ． A．traffic jams B．good manners C．road politeness D．modern drivers C　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句及第三段第一句可知， 本文主要圍繞道路文明禮貌行為展開論述。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．Troubles on the road are often caused by ． A．traffic jams B．the behavior of the drivers C．the great speed of modern life D．terrible road conditions B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句可知， 大家都知道， 平時(shí)非常紳士的人在開車的時(shí)候也會(huì)變成一只猛虎。再根據(jù)文中對(duì)道路上司機(jī)們的種種行為的描述可判斷，公路上的麻煩主要是由司機(jī)的行為引起的，故選B項(xiàng)。 3．According to the writer，a good driver should ． A．encourage children to cross the road whenever they want to B．beat back when forced to face rude driving C．be able to recognize politeness when he sees it D．join in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知， 在看到禮貌行為時(shí)，一個(gè)好司機(jī)應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠?qū)Υ擞兴J(rèn)知。故選C項(xiàng)。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．I ________ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday. 答案：was trapped　be trapped in “被困在……”。 2．After she heard the news, there was an excited ________ (express) on her face. 答案：expression　由空前的“an excited”可知，應(yīng)填名詞 expression “表情”。 3．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings ________ (destroy)． 答案：were destroyed　動(dòng)詞destroy “毀滅；毀掉”，此處表被動(dòng)，且指過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4．The meeting came to ________ end and he set down many key points. 答案：an　e to an end “結(jié)束”。 5．Dont forget to praise them ________ (sincere) when someone does something good. 答案：sincerely　副詞 sincerely “真誠(chéng)地”，在此處修飾動(dòng)詞praise。 6．He was replaced by another midfielder because of his ________ (injure)． 答案：injury　由空前的his可知，應(yīng)填名詞injury “受傷；傷害”。 7．Thank you for your letter conveying ________ (congratulate) on my appointment. 答案：congratulations　由空前的現(xiàn)在分詞conveying可知，應(yīng)填名詞。congratulation “祝賀”，且常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8．The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans ________ (shock)． 答案：shocked　此處形容詞shocked “感到震驚的”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 9．The government thinks ________ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 答案：highly　think highly of “高度評(píng)價(jià)……”，是固定搭配。 10．In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter ________ the rain. 答案：from　shelter from the rain “躲雨”。 三、完形填空。 I remember that it was a few years ago that an old woman stepped into my video store，along with her daughter.The __1__ was displaying a serious state of impatience，__2__ her watch every few seconds.If the daughter had possessed a leash(繩子)，her mother would have been __3__ to it as a means of pulling her along to __4__ the rush of other shoppers. Walking over，I asked __5__ I could help her.The woman smiled at me and showed me a __6__ on a piece of paper.__7__ rushing off to find the DVD for the woman，I asked her to __8__ with me so I could show her where she could find it and I wanted to enjoy her __9__ for a moment.As we walked along the back of the store，I __10__ its floor plan(分布圖)：old television shows, action movies, cartoons，science fiction films etc.The woman seemed glad of the unrushed “trip” and __11__ conversation. I said to her daughter，“__12__ some advice？”“Of course not，” said the daughter.“Cherish __13__，” I said.“When shes gone，its the little __14__ that e back to you.Times like this.I know.” It was __15__.I still missed my mom and remembered the times when Id used my impatience to make her __16__. Together they made their way towards the stores resting area.They sat there for a moment，side by side，__17__ the holiday crowds.Then the daughter glanced over and immediately __18__ her mother lovingly.And slowly she placed her arm with __19__ unaccustomed affection around her mothers shoulders and __20__ guided her back into the crowd. 1．A.merchant B．waitress C．mother D．daughter 2．A.fixing B．removing C．checking D．a(chǎn)djusting 3．A.fastened B．devoted C．a(chǎn)ccustomed D．a(chǎn)pplied 4．A.break away from B．make way for C．get along with D．keep pace with 5．A.when B．whether C．why D．how 6．A.tip B．title C．ticket D．receipt 7．A.Apart from B．As to C．Rather than D．Regardless of 8．A.municate B．jog C．trade D．walk 9．A.stay B．holiday C．pany D．time 10．A.described B．blamed C．a(chǎn)ppreciated D．corrected 11．A.casual B．a(chǎn)ttractive C．severe D．convincing 12．A.Prepare B．Mind C．Lack D．Offer 13．A.her B．me C．herself D．yourself 14．A.feelings B．presents C．chances D．moments 15．A.reasonable B．possible C．true D．a(chǎn)ppropriate 16．A.desperate B．upset C．puzzled D．a(chǎn)stonished 17．A.approaching B．evaluating C．observing D．expecting 18．A.attended B．found C．recognized D．watched 19．A.apparently B．suddenly C．basically D．gradually 20．A.accidentally B．gently C．smoothly D．randomly 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇痹谝粝裆痰旯ぷ鲿r(shí)遇到一位老母親和女兒一起購(gòu)買DVD，這個(gè)女兒行色匆匆，恨不能用繩子拉著行動(dòng)遲緩的母親?！拔摇弊屵@位母親和“我”一起尋找她想要的DVD，并建議這個(gè)女兒要珍惜母親的陪伴。最后，她挽著母親，走進(jìn)人群中…… 【核心詞匯】along with...和……一道 a state of...一種……狀態(tài) impatience n．不耐煩，無(wú)耐心　rush off趕緊去 conversation n．會(huì)話，交談　cherish珍愛(ài)，愛(ài)護(hù) side by side肩并肩地 unaccustomed adj.不習(xí)慣的，奇怪的，不尋常的 affection n．影響，喜愛(ài)，慈愛(ài)，感情 1．D　根據(jù)上文中的“an old woman stepped into my video store, along with her daughter”可知，一位老母親和她的女兒一起來(lái)到“我”的音像商店；結(jié)合下文中的“If the daughter had possessed...other shoppers”可知，女兒顯得很不耐煩，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“商人”；B項(xiàng)意為“女侍者，女服務(wù)員”。 2．C　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及空處所在句中的“displaying a serious state of impatience”可知，這個(gè)女兒顯得很不耐煩；據(jù)此可以判斷，她不停地查看(checking)手表，故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“固定，修理”；B項(xiàng)意為“移開，去除”；D項(xiàng)意為“調(diào)整，校正”。 3．A　根據(jù)空處所在句中的“If the daughter had possessed a leash(繩子)，her mother would have been __3__ to it as a means of pulling her along”可知，如果這個(gè)女兒有一根繩子的話，她的母親將被系在繩子的一頭。A項(xiàng)意為“把……系在”，符合語(yǔ)境，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“致力，奉獻(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“使習(xí)慣”；D項(xiàng)意為“申請(qǐng)，運(yùn)用”。 4．D　根據(jù)上文及空后的“the rush of other shoppers”可以判斷，如果有繩子，這個(gè)女兒將用繩子拉住她的母親，以趕上(keep pace with)匆匆的購(gòu)物人群，故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“突然掙脫，逃脫”；B項(xiàng)意為“給……讓路”；C項(xiàng)意為“與……融洽相處”。 5．B　根據(jù)該空所在句中的“I asked __5__ I could help her”可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作動(dòng)詞asked的賓語(yǔ)，由“I could help her”和asked可以判斷，“我”問(wèn)她是否需要幫忙。因此用whether引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句，故B項(xiàng)正確。 6．B　根據(jù)下文中的“find the DVD”，結(jié)合該空所在句“The woman smiled at me and showed me a __6__ on a piece of paper”可知，這位母親微笑著遞給“我”一張寫有名稱的紙。B項(xiàng)意為“名稱，標(biāo)題”，符合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“建議”，C項(xiàng)意為“票”，D項(xiàng)意為“收據(jù)”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 7．C　根據(jù)該空所在句中的“I asked her to __8__ with me so I could show her where she could find it”可知，“我”讓她和“我”一起走(walk)以便“我”能讓她知道她在哪里可以找到她需要的DVD；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”沒(méi)有急忙為她尋找。C項(xiàng)意為“而不是”，符合語(yǔ)境，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“除……之外”；B項(xiàng)意為“至于”；D項(xiàng)意為“不管，不顧”。 8．D　參見上題解析。下文中的“walked”亦是提示。A項(xiàng)意為“交流”，B項(xiàng)意為“慢跑”，C項(xiàng)意為“交易”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 9．C　根據(jù)空后的“As we walked along the back of the store”可知，“我”和她一起走著尋找她需要的DVD；結(jié)合該空所在句中的“I wanted to enjoy her __9__ for a moment”可以判斷，“我”想要她陪伴(pany)“我”一會(huì)兒。A項(xiàng)意為“停留，逗留”；B項(xiàng)意為“假期”。 10．A　根據(jù)該空所在句中的“its floor plan(分布圖)：old television shows，action movies，cartoons，science fiction films etc.”可知，“我”向她描述(described)著商店的商品分區(qū)情況：老的電視節(jié)目、動(dòng)作片、卡通片以及科幻片等。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“責(zé)備”；C項(xiàng)意為“欣賞”；D項(xiàng)意為“糾正”。 11．A　根據(jù)空前的“The woman seemed glad of the unrushed‘trip’”可知，這位母親對(duì)這次并不匆忙的購(gòu)物過(guò)程感到很滿意；空處與“the unrushed‘trip’”，相呼應(yīng)，據(jù)此可以判斷，該處表示“輕松隨意的交談”。A項(xiàng)意為“輕松的，隨意的”，符合語(yǔ)境，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“吸引人的”；C項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)肅的”；D項(xiàng)意為“使人信服的”。 12．B　根據(jù)這個(gè)女兒的回答“Of course not”可知，她不介意“我”提出建議；據(jù)此可以判斷，此處表示“介意我提點(diǎn)建議嗎？”B項(xiàng)意為“介意”，符合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”，C項(xiàng)意為“缺乏”，D項(xiàng)意為“提供”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 13．A　根據(jù)下文中的“When shes gone，its...to you”可知，如果她的母親去世了，這是她可以回想起來(lái)的時(shí)刻；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”建議她珍惜她的母親；空處作賓語(yǔ)，因此用賓格her，故A項(xiàng)正確。 14．D　參見上題解析。D項(xiàng)意為“時(shí)刻”，符合語(yǔ)境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“感情”，B項(xiàng)意為“禮物”，C項(xiàng)意為“機(jī)會(huì)”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 15．C　根據(jù)空后的“I still missed my mom and remembered the times when Id used my impatience to make her __16__ ”可知，“我”仍然懷念“我”的母親，記得“我”用不耐煩讓“我”的母親難過(guò)的日子；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”對(duì)她說(shuō)的這種情況是真實(shí)的(true)。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“合理的”；B項(xiàng)意為“可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)?，相稱的”。 16．B　參見上題解析。B項(xiàng)意為“難過(guò)的”，符合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“無(wú)望的，不顧一切的”，C項(xiàng)意為“困惑的，無(wú)法理解的”，D項(xiàng)意為“驚訝的”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 17．C　根據(jù)該空所在句“They sat there for a moment，side by side，__17__ the holiday crowds”可知，這對(duì)母女肩并肩坐著，注視著假日里的人群；C項(xiàng)意為“觀察，注視”，符合語(yǔ)境，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“靠近”，B項(xiàng)意為“評(píng)估”，D項(xiàng)意為“期望”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 18．D　根據(jù)該空所在句“Then the daughter glanced over and immediately __18__ her mother lovingly”可知，女兒充滿愛(ài)意地看著她的母親，D項(xiàng)意為“看著”，符合語(yǔ)境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“參加”，B項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，C項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)識(shí)”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 19．A　根據(jù)該空所在句中的“And slowly she placed her arm with __19__ unaccustomed affection around her mothers shoulders”可知，她慢慢地將她的手臂放在母親的肩膀上，似乎不習(xí)慣這種充滿愛(ài)意的表達(dá)。A項(xiàng)意為“似乎”，符合語(yǔ)境，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“突然地”，C項(xiàng)意為“基本地，主要地”，D項(xiàng)意為“逐漸地”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。 20．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及該空所在句中的“guided her back into the crowd”可知，她慢慢地將她的手臂放在母親的肩膀上，然后溫柔地(gently)領(lǐng)著她的母親走進(jìn)人群。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“偶然地，附帶地，意外地”；C項(xiàng)意為“平滑地，平穩(wěn)地，流暢地，順利地”；D項(xiàng)意為“任意地，胡亂地，隨便地”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The stone was so heavy for him to move, so he called his friends to help. ________________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)so→too　too ... to do “太……而不能”。 2．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the book in her hands. ________________________________________________________ 答案：buried→burying　此處burying是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 3．Judged from his appearance, he seems to be rich. ________________________________________________________ 答案：Judged→Judging　judging from ... “由……來(lái)判斷”。 4．I think there are the number of opportunities to get more energy. ________________________________________________________ 答案：the→a　a number of opportunities “許多機(jī)會(huì)”。 5．The news that Donald Trump was elected President of the USA made the whole world extreme shocked. ________________________________________________________ 答案：extreme→extremely　extremely副詞“極其，非?！?，此處修飾形容詞shocked。 五、短文改錯(cuò) Life is full of various experiences，some of them are unforgettable.I still remember the hiking experiences with my classmates for 16 km a year later.That summer day，we set off early in the morning，think it would be great fun to walk for so long a distance.However，with the weather is getting hotter and hotter，I found their legs heavier and heavier.Whats worse，my feet began bleeding because long time pressing against the shoes.At one point，I even wanted to give up.But I manage to drag the rest of the way to the destination.Though not pleasant, this journey was impressive or rewarding.I have learnt that life is a long journey like this.No matter what happened，we should never give up. 【答案】 Life is full of various experiences，some of are unforgettable.I still remember the hiking with my classmates for 16 km a year .That summer day，we set off early in the morning， it would be great fun to walk for so long a distance.However，with the weather getting hotter and hotter，I found legs heavier and heavier.Whats worse，my feet began bleeding because long time pressing against the shoes.At one point，I even wanted to give up.But I to drag the rest of the way to the destination.Though not pleasant, this journey was impressive rewarding.I have learnt that life is a long journey like this.No matter what ，we should never give up. 第一處：them改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，先行詞為experiences。 第二處：experiences改為experience。考查名詞。根據(jù)“the hiking”和下文內(nèi)容可知，此處特指具體的一次徒步體驗(yàn)，故用單數(shù)形式。 第三處：later改為ago?？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)上文中的“remember”可知，此處作者表達(dá)對(duì)過(guò)去的回憶，故用副詞ago。 第四處：think改為thinking?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。think和句子謂語(yǔ)set off之間沒(méi)有連詞，故用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且think和句子主語(yǔ)we構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 第五處：刪除weather后的is?？疾閣ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。with＋名詞或代詞＋非謂語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，即with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)境，故刪除weather后的is。 第六處：their改為my。考查代詞。與句子主語(yǔ)I呼應(yīng)可知，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my作定語(yǔ)。 第七處：because后加of?？疾榻樵~。因?yàn)椤發(fā)ong time pressing against the shoes”是名詞短語(yǔ)，其前用“because of”。故在because后加of。 第八處：manages改為managed。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與上文的“wanted”呼應(yīng)可知，此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，是對(duì)過(guò)去經(jīng)歷的回憶。 第九處：or改為and?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示并列關(guān)系，而非選擇關(guān)系，故把or改為and。 第十處：happened改為happens。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與上文的“is”呼應(yīng)可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示客觀情況。