2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 2 Healthy eating（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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Healthy eating 一、閱讀理解。 (2018廣西重點(diǎn)高中模擬)People love cellphones, which is why nine in ten Americans own one.But does heavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer? This question has caused controversy for many years. A new study in rats now augments those concerns.Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain.The results have yet to be confirmed, the authors note. Indeed, although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer, it offers no clues to why such a link might exist, notes Jonathan Samet.He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.Still, he calls the new study’s findings “significant”．They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer, he says. Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves.This radio frequency—or RF—radiation is a type known as nonionizing(非電離的). Unlike Xrays, nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions.So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation, such as Xrays.But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm. In very large doses(量) this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage.But it’s not yet known what much lower RF levels might do, such as those from cellphone use.Five years ago, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, or IARC, concluded that cellphone use “is possibly carcinogenic(致癌的)”． Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time.But notice that IARC was not certain.It said only that phone use might “possibly” cause cancer.So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。人們喜歡用手機(jī)，90%的美國(guó)人都有手機(jī)。那么，過(guò)度使用手機(jī)是否會(huì)有患癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢？一項(xiàng)新的研究給出了一些線索。 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “augments”？ A．figures out B．puts out C．refers to D．a(chǎn)dds to D　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線詞前面提到過(guò)度使用手機(jī)是否有患癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)這一問(wèn)題多年來(lái)引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)議不斷，再根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后的“concerns”和“Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain.”可知，現(xiàn)在一項(xiàng)在老鼠身上進(jìn)行的新研究增加了那些憂慮。故畫(huà)線詞與adds to意義相近。 2．In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant? A．It assists him with his teaching. B．It indicates a new research direction. C．It warns people to mind cellphone safety. D．It makes a breakthrough in cancer research. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，這項(xiàng)研究會(huì)促使科學(xué)家去查明手機(jī)輻射可能是怎樣致癌的，也就是說(shuō)它為科學(xué)家提供了一個(gè)新的研究方向。 3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How phone signals are delivered. B．How cellphones produce radiation. C．Features of radiation from cellphones. D．Differences between ionizing and nonionizing radiation. C　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions.So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation...”可知，本段主要講的是手機(jī)輻射的特點(diǎn)，它是非電離的，其危害性遠(yuǎn)低于電離輻射。 4．What might be the theme of NTP scientists’ further research? A．Why cellphone use causes cancer. B．Whether cellphone use really causes cancer. C．What health effects cellphone use has. D．How much exposure to cellphone radiation is safe. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It said only that phone use might ‘possibly’ cause cancer.So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further.”可知，NTP的科學(xué)家進(jìn)一步研究的主題可能是手機(jī)使用是否真的會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017天津高考)My room is a mess, but I ________ clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. 答案：neednt　由“I can do it in the morning”可知，“我”今晚沒(méi)必要打掃，應(yīng)用Sb. neednt do sth. 句式。 2．(2017天津高考)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train________ (catch)． 答案：to catch　結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。 3．There is a limit ________ the amount of pain we can bear. 答案：to　There is a limit to ... “……是有限度的”。 4．The beautiful lady sat a little straighter and tried to look ________ (slim) and younger. 答案：slimmer　由“and younger”可知，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)slimmer “更苗條”。 5．Nowadays more and more people have e to realize the importance of a ________ (balance) diet to their health. 答案：balanced　a balanced diet “均衡飲食”。 6．Children are always curious ________ everything they see and hear. 答案：about　be curious about “對(duì)……感到好奇”。 7．Being a good teacher, you should know your students ________ (strong) and weaknesses. 答案：strengths　strengths and weaknesses “強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱項(xiàng)”。 8．Lowine residents cant afford ________ (consult) a doctor or purchase medicines when they get sick. 答案：to consult　cant afford to consult a doctor “請(qǐng)不起醫(yī)生”。 9．We cant always bine work ________ pleasure. 答案：with　bine A with B “將A與B相結(jié)合”。 10．Johns ________ (weak) lies in his bad temper. 答案：weakness　由設(shè)空前的Johns可知，應(yīng)填名詞形式weakness “缺點(diǎn)，不足”。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 I worried about my personal image and how I could be remembered during my boyhood.In the fifth grade，there seemed to be only one __1__ —to be cool.In the sixth grade，suddenly，there were two choices：be cool，or be invisible.__2__ ，one day，when a teacher had us fill out a questionnaire with __3__ questions，I found the __4__ option. Assuming(假定)the teacher would read our answers privately，I felt it was __5__ to share my privacy.To my __6__ ，she collected and redistributed(重新分發(fā))them to us.We were asked to __7__ the name and our three favorite answers to the whole class.My answers went to the meanest boy in class. The first question was“Whats your favorite movie？” My answer was Beauty and the Beast.A laugh erupted and my cheeks __8__.The next was“Where would you like to travel？” My answer was __9__ special—“Wherever a book takes me.”The __10__ this time had an explosive quality. I could __11__ remember what happened next；all that I had in mind was the laughter.But something amazing happened.A(n) __12__ came，“Guys，cut it out.”The room went __13__ .Its Michelle Siever，a popular and cool girl.Then she __14__ ，“Why are you laughing? What is the point of __15__ if we just laugh at others？” I cant remember the teacher or other kids names，but I remember Michelles.When she __16__ for me that day，she __17__ me we actually have three choices if we want to be remembered. Be cool，and you might be remembered __18__.Stay invisible，and you wont be remembered at all.But if you stand up __19__ someone when he or she __20__ you most，then you will be remembered as their hero for the rest of their life. 1．A.tool　　　　　　　　　B．choice C．chance D．purpose 2．A.However B．In addition C．Therefore D．In fact 3．A.personal B．funny C．various D．strange 4．A.wrong B．former C．third D．latter 5．A.terrible B．safe C．nervous D．interesting 6．A.surprise B．a(chǎn)nxiety C．delight D．expectation 7．A.repeat B．remember C．pare D．read 8．A.ached B．paled C．changed D．burned 9．A.even B．still C．never D．a(chǎn)lways 10．A.laughter B．question C．a(chǎn)ir D．class 11．A.nearly B．exactly C．hardly D．surely 12．A.request B．message C．order D．voice 13．A.crazy B．silent C．a(chǎn)ngry D．empty 14．A.announced B．smiled C．a(chǎn)dded D．stopped 15．A.talking B．chatting C．a(chǎn)rguing D．sharing 16．A.talked about B．calmed down C．left behind D．spoke up 17．A.reminded B．promised C．showed D．persuaded 18．A.for a while B．finally C．a(chǎn)gain and again D．hopefully 19．A.before B．with C．for D．by 20．A.misses B．needs C．values D．loves 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。在老師組織的全班問(wèn)卷調(diào)查活動(dòng)中，“我”的回答引起全班同學(xué)哄堂大笑，這時(shí)一個(gè)女生站起來(lái)幫助“我”走出困境。同時(shí)，“我”明白了一個(gè)道理：在別人需要你的時(shí)候站出來(lái)會(huì)被別人永遠(yuǎn)記住。 【核心詞匯】image n．印象，形象　invisible adj.無(wú)形的，看不見(jiàn)的　fill out填寫(xiě)　cut out阻擋，刪除，住口 1．B　根據(jù)空后一句中的“In the sixth grade, suddenly, there were two choices”可知，此處表示，在五年級(jí)，似乎只有唯一的選擇(choice)來(lái)讓別人記住自己—裝酷。 2．A　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，老師讓同學(xué)們填調(diào)查問(wèn)卷這件事使“我”改變了原先的看法，故前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選A。 3．A　根據(jù)下文中的“share my privacy”可推知，此處表示老師要求回答的是我們的私人(personal)問(wèn)題。所以選A。 4．C　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，到六年級(jí)，“我”突然認(rèn)為被別人記住有兩個(gè)選擇，但是通過(guò)老師讓同學(xué)們填調(diào)查問(wèn)卷這件事，“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)了第三種選擇。所以選C。 5．B　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，假如老師私下閱讀我們的回答，“我”就感覺(jué)分享的隱私是安全的(safe)。所以選B。 6．A　根據(jù)上下文可知，老師沒(méi)有私下閱讀我們的回答而是重新分發(fā)，讓同學(xué)之間互讀，這種做法讓“我”感到吃驚。所以選A。 7．D　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 8．D　根據(jù)空前的“A laugh erupted”及常識(shí)可知，“我”對(duì)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答引起了同學(xué)們的大笑，由此可知，“我”當(dāng)時(shí)面頰發(fā)燙(burned)。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。 9．B　根據(jù)下文中的“this time had an explosive quality”可知，“我”對(duì)第二個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答仍然(still)是特別的，因此這一次笑聲(laughter)更加強(qiáng)烈。still“仍然，還是”，符合語(yǔ)境。 10．A　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 11．C　根據(jù)空后的“all that I had in mind was the laughter”可知，此處指“我”幾乎不能(hardly)記得后面發(fā)生了什么，所以選C。 12．D　根據(jù)下文中的“Guys, cut it out”可知，Michelle Siever的聲音(voice)傳來(lái)，所以選D。 13．B　根據(jù)上下文可知，這個(gè)聲音使整個(gè)房間安靜(silent)了下來(lái)。 14．C　根據(jù)空后的兩個(gè)問(wèn)句可知，Michelle Siever繼續(xù)在說(shuō)，即補(bǔ)充道(added)。 15．D　根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容，尤其是老師要求我們填調(diào)查問(wèn)卷然后交換并在全班朗讀這一活動(dòng)過(guò)程可知，這是同學(xué)們之間的一次交流分享(share)活動(dòng)。所以選D。 16．D　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”對(duì)兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的回答引起全班的大笑，這時(shí)Michelle Siever的話使全班安靜下來(lái)，據(jù)此可推斷她在替“我”辯護(hù)。所以選D。 speak up(for sb./sth.)“(尤指為……)說(shuō)好話，辯護(hù)”。 17．C　她替“我”辯護(hù)這件事向“我”展示(showed)了如果想要被人們記住，我們有三種選擇。所以選C。 18．A　通過(guò)這件事，“我”知道裝酷只能被別人記住一時(shí)(for a while)。所以選A。 19．C　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”之所以能夠擺脫困境是因?yàn)镸ichelle Siever為“我”辯護(hù)。所以“我”總結(jié)出想要被別人記住的第三種選擇是：當(dāng)人們需要(needs)你時(shí)，你站出來(lái)為(for)他們說(shuō)話，這樣你就會(huì)被他們當(dāng)做英雄一樣被銘記一生。所以選C。 20．B　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The warning sign was put there with the benefit of the public. _____________________________________________________ 答案：with→for　for the benefit of ... “為了……的利益”。 2．Since the dancers have to pay the high cost of clothing out of their own pockets, they are often heavily in the debt. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉debt前的the　in debt “負(fù)債”。 3．The old man earns his live by begging door to door. _____________________________________________________ 答案：live→living　earn ones living “謀生”。 4．The man ought to be fired. You shouldnt let him get away from stealing from the shop. _____________________________________________________ 答案：from→with　get away with “做了壞事不受懲罰”。 5．He should have handed in his paper yesterday, and he forgot about it pletely. _____________________________________________________ 答案：and→but　前后分句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 五、短文改錯(cuò) Here is a funny story.One day three mouse said proudly to each other that they each could drink more wine，so they decided to have a drinking contest.At last they both felt dizzy.One suggested，“Will anybody go to the wine cellar to fetch another bottle of wine？” The first stood up and down then fell to the ground.The other two laughed and said，“He was drinking and couldnt walk.” The second stood up.He just made several steps and couldnt help thrown up.The third laughed hardly and then it was their turn. He stood up and made one step，two steps...Nothing is wrong.He went straight to the wine cellar but took a bottle of wine.He stood there for while，turned back and said excitedly，“Ha ha，where is the cat now？” 【答案】　 Here is a funny story.One day three said proudly to each other that they each could drink more wine，so they decided to have a drinking contest.At last they felt dizzy.One suggested，“Will anybody go to the wine cellar to fetch another bottle of wine？” The first stood up and then fell to the ground.The other two laughed and said，“He was and couldnt walk.” The second stood up.He just made several steps and couldnt help up.The third laughed and then it was turn. He stood up and made one step，two steps...Nothing wrong.He went straight to the wine cellar took a bottle of wine.He stood there for while，turned back and said excitedly，“Ha ha，where is the cat now？”