2019年高考英語(yǔ)一輪鞏固達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 2 The United Kingdom（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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The United Kingdom 一、閱讀理解。 Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of puters, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代碼) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit. He attended Queen’s University in Canada, and transferred(轉(zhuǎn)到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelor’s degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics. First pany—Zip2 Corporation In 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first pany Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2. Online Banking In 1999, Elon Musk started X． with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a receiver’s email address. PayPal In 2000, X. bought a pany called Confinity, which had started an Internet moneytransfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on being a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $ 1.5 billion. Space Exploration Technologies In 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a longstanding member of the Mars Society, a nonprofit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project. Tesla Motors In 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The pany has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster. SolarCity In 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光電的) products and services pany with his cousin Lyndon Rive. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了埃隆馬斯克的人生經(jīng)歷和偉大成就。 1．What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young? A．Economics.　　　　　 B．Physics. C．Energy. D．Coding. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句可知，Musk是一位瘋狂的電腦迷，十二歲時(shí)他就為自己的視頻游戲?qū)懘a并獲利了；據(jù)此可知，他小時(shí)候就有寫代碼的天賦，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．Which of the following provides international payment transfer service? A．X.. B．Confinity. C．PayPal. D．eBay. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PayPal部分，尤其是該部分的第二句可知，PayPal提供國(guó)際轉(zhuǎn)賬支付服務(wù)，故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musk’s project? A．Sponsoring the Mars Society. B．Developing rocket technologies. C．Building a greenhouse on Mars. D．Supporting the exploration of Mars. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究開(kāi)發(fā)火箭技術(shù)，幫助Musk實(shí)現(xiàn)他的項(xiàng)目(目標(biāo))，故B項(xiàng)正確。 4．What is Tesla Motors noted for? A．Its electric vehicles. B．Its photovoltaic products. C．Its service as a city tourist guide. D．Its business with other panies. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tesla Motors部分，尤其是該部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors是生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車的公司，故A項(xiàng)正確。 二、語(yǔ)法填空。 In Britain someone who helps children cross the street __1__ (call)“l(fā)ollipop person”， because their sign looks like a lollipop (棒棒糖)． The job of a lollipop person is to walk to the middle of the road at a(n) __2__ (suit) time, holding up the sign. It is a legal __3__ (require) for traffic to stop at this mand. The lollipop person will signal that it is all right to cross the road __4__ (safe). Traffic may only move once the sign has been lowered. Generally speaking, school crossings are manned for approximately 3 hours a day or less. As a result, the work has always appealed more __5__ people seeking to supplement their ine such as __6__ retired. Lollipop people were introduced to enable policemen, __7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡邏), to perform other duties. The earliest lollipops were red and black rectangles __8__ (say)“Stop, children crossing.” In 2001 in Europe patrollers were given extra powers allowing them __9__ (assist) adults with crossing, too. The most recent change in the history of the School Crossing Patrol saw the word “children” __10__ (replace) with a symbol to bring the UK in line with the rest of the EU (歐盟)． 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了英國(guó)協(xié)助交通的交通安全員的情況。 1．is called　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)以及主謂一致。此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；call意為“把……叫作”，與主語(yǔ)someone之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；因主語(yǔ)someone是單數(shù)概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填is called。 2．suitable　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“一個(gè)合適的時(shí)間”，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞time。故填suitable。 3．requirement　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“一個(gè)合法的要求”。形容詞legal用來(lái)修飾名詞，其前有冠詞a，故用require的名詞形式requirement。 4．safely　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“安全地過(guò)馬路”，應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)cross the road，故用safe的副詞形式safely。 5．to　考查介詞。appeal to意為“吸引”，為固定短語(yǔ)。故填to。 6．the　考查冠詞?！皌he＋形容詞”表示一類人。the retired意為“退休的人”，符合語(yǔ)境。故填the。 7．who　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句“__7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡邏)”中作主語(yǔ)，指人，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)從句。 8．saying　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？崭裉幾骱笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ)，say與被修飾的名詞“red and black rectangles”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為“寫著”。故填say的現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying。 9．to assist　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。allow sb. to do sth. 意為“允許某人做某事”，是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。故填to assist。 10．replaced　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處表示“看見(jiàn)單詞‘children’被一個(gè)符號(hào)代替”，replace與saw的賓語(yǔ)“the word”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用replace的過(guò)去分詞形式，作saw的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填replaced。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I __1__ that I could just give what I thought others __2__ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快樂(lè)小鎮(zhèn)). This thought process was __3__ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. __4__ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the __5__ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections __6__ people. My struggle with mental health was something that __7__ into a campaign to let every single person know that they __8__ and couldnt be replaced.At high school，it could be __9__ to convey this idea，but I __10__ pursued my passions (激情). The __11__ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help __12__：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and __13__ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.I tried to __14__ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a __15__ place to express themselves and learn __16__ to apply empathy(同感，共鳴) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly __17__ to inspire both myself and my friends. When I go off the college this year，Ill be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a nonprofit foundation in the future.My __18__ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of __19__ problems，but something that can be changed by even the __20__ actions. 1．A.wondered B．figured C．doubted D．predicted 2．A.wanted B．ignored C．lost D．ordered 3．A.unfortunately B．totally C．regularly D．a(chǎn)ccurately 4．A.It B．They C．He D．This 5．A.ability B．desire C．belief D．reason 6．A.for B．with C．from D．a(chǎn)bout 7．A.fell B．divided C．broke D．turned 8．A.mattered B．existed C．survived D．succeeded 9．A.difficult B．funny C．different D．perfect 10．A.casually B．briefly C．firmly D．surely 11．A.difficulty B．purpose C．fruits D．method 12．A.strangers B．teenagers C．friends D．families 13．A.led B．lent C．passed D．limited 14．A.write B．memorize C．prepare D．recall 15．A.quiet B．important C．large D．safe 16．A.how B．what C．where D．when 17．A.discussions B．suggestions C．experience D．theories 18．A.final B．primary C．simple D．grand 19．A.plex B．unsolvable C．unknown D．terrible 20．A.latest B．laziest C．slowest D．smallest 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者與抑郁癥作斗爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)歷使他轉(zhuǎn)變了思想，并用實(shí)際行動(dòng)來(lái)幫助青少年和朋友們。他告訴大家，每個(gè)人都同樣重要并且不可替代。因此我們必須做出行動(dòng)，因?yàn)榧词故亲钚〉男袆?dòng)都可以產(chǎn)生影響。 1．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意為：我以為只要我能給予別人我認(rèn)為他們想要的東西，我就能得到一張去快樂(lè)小鎮(zhèn)的單程票。A項(xiàng)意為“想知道”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)為，以為”；C項(xiàng)意為“懷疑”；D項(xiàng)意為“預(yù)測(cè)”。短文第一句說(shuō)明了作者小時(shí)候的想法，即作者認(rèn)為善良是一件有益的事情，然后接著詳細(xì)地解釋他的想法。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 2．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“想要”；B項(xiàng)意為“忽視”；C項(xiàng)意為“丟失”；D項(xiàng)意為“命令，訂購(gòu)”。此處指作者認(rèn)為給予別人他認(rèn)為別人需要的東西，他就會(huì)快樂(lè)。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 3．B　考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“不幸地”；B項(xiàng)意為“完全地”；C項(xiàng)意為“定期地”；D項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)確地”。由下文可知，因?yàn)樽髡叩呐R床抑郁癥，作者以前給予別人想要的東西的想法變成了努力用他的想法去影響別人，改變別人，所以此處表達(dá)的是“這個(gè)思維過(guò)程完全變了”。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 4．A　考查代詞辨析。此處為句型“It bees/became＋adj.＋that從句”，代詞it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。故選A。 5．A　考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“能力”；B項(xiàng)意為“渴望”；C項(xiàng)意為“信念”；D項(xiàng)意為“理由”。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者所需要的和每個(gè)人所需要的一樣，就是愛(ài)自己的能力。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 6．B　考查介詞辨析。句意為：除了這一點(diǎn)，我必須學(xué)會(huì)如何與人們建立更深、更有意義的聯(lián)系。make connection with...是固定短語(yǔ)，表示“與……建立聯(lián)系”。故選B。 7．D　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。各選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞均可與介詞into構(gòu)成固定搭配：fall into意為“跌入”；divide into意為“分成”；break into意為“闖入”；turn into意為“變成”。由上文可知，作者的思維過(guò)程改變了，產(chǎn)生了新的想法，因此作者表達(dá)的是他在心理健康方面的掙扎變成了一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。turn into符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 8．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“重要，有關(guān)系”；B項(xiàng)意為“存在”；C項(xiàng)意為“幸存”；D項(xiàng)意為“成功”。根據(jù)空格后面的“and couldn’t be replaced”可推知，此處表達(dá)的是“讓每個(gè)人都知道他們很重要，無(wú)法被替代”。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 9．A　考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“困難的”；B項(xiàng)意為“滑稽的”；C項(xiàng)意為“不同的”；D項(xiàng)意為“完美的”。由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和第二個(gè)分句的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是“在高中，很難傳遞這個(gè)想法”。A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“隨意地”；B項(xiàng)意為“簡(jiǎn)短地”；C項(xiàng)意為“堅(jiān)定地”；D項(xiàng)意為“確信地”。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)“但是我堅(jiān)定地追隨我的激情”。C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 11．C　考查名詞辨析。上文提到雖然在學(xué)校作者很難傳遞自己的思想，但是他不放棄，由此可知，作者努力的結(jié)果就是他創(chuàng)造了幫助……的習(xí)慣和傳統(tǒng)。此處fruits表示“結(jié)果，成果”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 12．B　考查名詞辨析。 ...Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and ________ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.(第二段第三句) 譯文：……每個(gè)星期五，我?guī)е鳂I(yè)的獎(jiǎng)品來(lái)到學(xué)校，把它們發(fā)給那些似乎需要提神的孩子們。 由關(guān)鍵句可以推斷，作者幫助的是那些青少年們。teenager意為“青年，青少年”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 13．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“把……傳遞/分發(fā)蛤某人”，此處表達(dá)的是作者把帶來(lái)的作業(yè)獎(jiǎng)品發(fā)給那些需要提神的孩子們。故選C。 14．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“寫”；B項(xiàng)意為“記住”；C項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”；D項(xiàng)意為“回憶”。由語(yǔ)境可知，作者想幫助青少年，所以他盡可能多地記住他們的名字。故選B。 15．D　考查形容詞辨析。作者建立了一個(gè)俱樂(lè)部，學(xué)生們?cè)谶@里可以表達(dá)自己的想法，由此可知這是一個(gè)安全的地方，學(xué)生們能夠暢所欲言。safe意為“安全的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 16．A　考查連接詞辨析。此處為“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。由語(yǔ)境可知，作者想讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何把表達(dá)的情感運(yùn)用到日常生活中。how意為“怎樣，如何”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 17．B　考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“討論”；B項(xiàng)意為“建議”；C項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“理論”。在作者的個(gè)人社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)賬號(hào)上，作者每周發(fā)出的用于激勵(lì)自己和朋友的帖子應(yīng)是建議之類的內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，其余各項(xiàng)均與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B。 18．A　考查形容詞辨析。This will help me start a nodprofit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句) 譯文：這將幫助我在將來(lái)建立一個(gè)非盈利基金會(huì)。 由關(guān)鍵句可知，作者一直堅(jiān)持自己的信仰和做法，那么接著說(shuō)的就是他的最終目標(biāo)。final意為“最后的，最終的”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 19．B　考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)雜的”；B項(xiàng)意為“難以解決的”；C項(xiàng)意為“未知的”；D項(xiàng)意為“糟糕的”。由語(yǔ)境可知，作者的最終目標(biāo)是要證明這個(gè)世界不是無(wú)法解決的問(wèn)題的集合體。unsolvable與下文的“can be changed”相銜接且符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。 20．D　考查形容詞最高級(jí)辨析。A項(xiàng)意為“最新的”；B項(xiàng)意為“最懶的”；C項(xiàng)意為“最慢的”；D項(xiàng)意為“最小的”。由本句中的“even”可知，此處指的是甚至是最小的行動(dòng)都會(huì)改變一些事情。D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 Last month, I, as well as my parents, were invited to my uncles home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was five, has been living there for nearly ten years. She met us at the airport. I was exciting when I set my foot on the land of America. In the followed days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in the front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History so it enriched our knowledge great. For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips which I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to go there again. 答案： Last month, I, as well as my parents, invited to my uncles home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was five, has been living there for nearly ten years. met us at the airport. I was when I set my foot on the land of America. In the days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum of Natural History it enriched our knowledge . For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to there again. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第一處：were→was　考查主謂一致。主語(yǔ)后接as well as引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由前面的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定。故were改為was。 第四處：exciting→excited　考查形容詞。此處指人內(nèi)心的感受，所以用ed結(jié)尾的形容詞。故exciting改為excited。 第九處：which→that　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞前由形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，關(guān)系詞只能用that不能用which。 五、七選五