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專題十九 任務(wù)型閱讀 第2講（上）東城一模五選五 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇五選五中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握五選五的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇五選五中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過五選五高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累, 及五選五解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種五選五習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”, 在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于五選五高頻詞和長難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句, 快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 as well 也，還有 instead adv. 反而，代替 silly adj. 愚蠢的 lose weight 減肥 keep fit 保持健康 popular adj. 流行的 hopefully adv. 有希望地 adj. hopeful take place 發(fā)生，舉行 suddenly adv. 意外地，忽然地 trainer n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋 長難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. In some schools when it rains and it’s too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：在一些學(xué)校，當(dāng)下雨時(shí)會(huì)太濕以至于不能踢足球或玩曲棍球，孩子們不得不用越野跑來代替。 本句涉及高頻句型：“too…to…”，意為“太…而不能…”。 2. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：這個(gè)比賽覆蓋了一條極好的路線，在這條路線上賽跑者經(jīng)過許多著名的地方，像倫敦眼和大本鐘。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于五選五解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解五選五的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了五選五的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、五選五解題步驟 第一步 讀選項(xiàng)，畫關(guān)鍵詞，暗排序 通讀選項(xiàng)，了解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，做到心中有數(shù)，至少能知道可供選擇的意思范圍，以便在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找出正確答案。 第二步 讀文章，抓過渡詞，找邏輯 通讀文章，關(guān)注段中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，抓住表示并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其他關(guān)系的過渡詞，為下一步解題做準(zhǔn)備。 第三步 先易后難來解題 先填較容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或與選項(xiàng)有明顯邏輯關(guān)系的句子；再填較難的空，這時(shí)選擇范圍會(huì)變小，可以反復(fù)對(duì)比分析，進(jìn)行選擇。 第四步 回讀文章定答案 全部題目做完后，把所選擇的選項(xiàng)代入原文，檢查文章前后是否連貫，所選選項(xiàng)是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次確定答案。 二、五選五解題技巧 在五選五題型中，設(shè)空位置一般為三種：段首、段尾和段中。正確選項(xiàng)與空格前后句子關(guān)系緊密，主要依賴句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。接下來將從并列邏輯、轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、指代邏輯、因果邏輯和總分邏輯五方面進(jìn)行說明。 題型 題型一：并列邏輯 解題技巧 如果空格所在段落要求補(bǔ)全說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié)，通常選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。 典題精析 例題：Make good word choices. When we’re not sure which word is the right one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and don’t take the time to decide if they’re proper. 2. 解析：本題考察的是并列邏輯?？崭癯霈F(xiàn)在第二段的段末，是用來對(duì)第二段的黑體小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行解釋的，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知E選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞good word choices與小標(biāo)題一致，故選E，意為“好的詞匯選擇對(duì)好的作品是重要的”。 答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good writing.” 題型 題型二：轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 解題技巧 1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含轉(zhuǎn)折含義的選項(xiàng)； 2. 選項(xiàng)含轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，另一種常見的考查方式是空格后對(duì)該選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)闡述、說明和例證。 典題精析 例題：5. But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意為“但是有了簡單的幾步，我們能夠提高我們的寫作技巧?！保钥崭裉帒?yīng)與其意思相反，故選D，意為“成為一個(gè)更好的作家不容易”。 答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.” 題型 題型三：指代邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)中含有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前的句中所含有的名詞代入后使上下文連貫； 2. 如果空格后句中有代詞，則判斷哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)所含名詞代入后上下文連貫。 典題精析 例題：Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點(diǎn)為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in it.” 題型 題型四：因果邏輯 解題技巧 如果選項(xiàng)含有因果邏輯詞，則判斷哪個(gè)空格前后句與之符合因果邏輯關(guān)系； 典題精析 例題：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. 解析：本題考察的是因果邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman和Mr. Martin都病的很嚴(yán)重”，這是事件的原因，那么空格處應(yīng)該填的是事件的結(jié)果，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知應(yīng)填C，意為“他們住在相同的病房里”，即可推斷出正確答案。 答案：C “They were in the same hospital room”. 題型 題型五：總分邏輯 解題技巧 1. 如果選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)類似于“There are mainly three types of …”則該選項(xiàng)一般位于文章較前面的位置，用于引出后文對(duì)這幾種類型的詳細(xì)闡述； 2. 如果空格位于某段段首，則一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。 典題精析 例題：Many of us don’t spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our articles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1. 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。瀏覽全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)本文是一篇“總-分”類型的文章，主要介紹的是一些關(guān)于寫作的小竅門，而第二段起的一些黑體字則是tips的具體內(nèi)容，所以第一段空格處應(yīng)填的是一句總述句，故選B，意為“下面的小竅門可能會(huì)有幫助”。 答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.” 語篇精講 瀏覽選項(xiàng) （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) A It’s not because marathons have got easier B People come from all over the world to run in it C Sadly,running is often quite unpopular at school D Now, lots of people go out running in their spare time E People find it so exciting that they want to try it themselves 通讀文章 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類 記敘文 225 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Running is free, it’s easy and now it’s becoming cool as well. Many people do not have enough time to play a team sport, so instead they have started going running. In the past, running in the street was seen as a bit silly. But things are changing.____1___.Some people go to lose weight while others go simply to keep fit. Even at 6 o’clock in the morning you sometimes see runners in the streets. Scientists say that running is a very good way to keep fit. ____2___.In some schools when it rains and it’s too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead. Now as running has become more popular, hopefully more young people will take it up. Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben.______3____. Interestingly, marathon running used to be seen as a hard sport, but now even people who are very unfit take part in marathons every year!_____4___; it’s because people have become more interested in running.After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners._____5____.All you need is a pair of trainers and will power, so what are you waiting for? A. It’s not because marathons have got easier B. People come from all over the world to run in it C. Sadly, running is often quite unpopular at school D. Now, lots of people go out running in their spare time E. People find it so exciting that they want to try it themselves 逐題分析 語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類的記敘文，主要描述了跑步這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，由被很少人接受到受到大家的喜愛。 1. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯?？崭袂坝幸痪湓払ut things are changing.意為“但是事情正在改變”，所以空格前后的句意應(yīng)該相反?？崭袂癐n the past, running in the street was seen as a bit silly.意為“在過去，在街上跑步有點(diǎn)愚蠢?！?，所以空格后句意應(yīng)該與它相反，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知選D，意為“現(xiàn)在，很多人在他們的空閑時(shí)間出去跑步”。 答案：D 2. 解析：本題考察的是總分邏輯。空格位于第二段段首，是第二段的主旨句，瀏覽第二段，根據(jù)段意及段中關(guān)鍵詞In some schools可知這一段講述的是跑步在學(xué)校的情況，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知選C，意為“令人遺憾地，跑步在學(xué)校經(jīng)常是很不受歡迎的”。 答案：C 3. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格所在段第一句Every year in April, the London marathon（馬拉松）takes place.“倫敦馬拉松在每年四月舉行”，可知本段講述的重點(diǎn)為倫敦馬拉松，瀏覽選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)People come from all over the world to run in it.中的it代替的是London marathon，故可推斷出正確答案。 答案：B 4. 解析：本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯。根據(jù)空格后句子it’s because people have become more interested in running.“因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)跑步變得更感興趣了”和選項(xiàng)做對(duì)比可知選A，意為“不是因?yàn)轳R拉松變得更簡單了”。 答案：A 5. 解析：本題考察的是指代邏輯。根據(jù)空格前句子After the marathon every year the streets suddenly become full of runners“每年馬拉松后街上都充滿了跑步者”，可知本段的主題是馬拉松，故應(yīng)選E，意為“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)馬拉松如此的令人興奮以至于他們想親自嘗試”，這里it指代的是marathon。 答案：E 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的五選五的知識(shí)和方法） 語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 并列邏輯 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯 1、4 指代邏輯 3、5 因果邏輯 總分邏輯 2 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 as well instead adv. adj. 愚蠢的 lose weight keep fit adj. 流行的 adv. 有希望地 take place suddenly adv. n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 這個(gè)箱子太重，這男孩提不起。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 2. 他們找尋的文件已經(jīng)找到了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________. 3. In some schools when it rains and it’s too wet to play football or hockey, children have to do cross country running instead. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 4. The race covers a fantastic route(線路) in which runners pass lots of the famous places like the London Eye and Big Ben. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 5. The print is too small for me to read without glasses. ____________________________________________________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 健康保健類 記敘文 178 5-7分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Doctors in Germany have warned people that headbanging could be bad for your health. 1 . Dancers shake their heads from back to front, and from side to side, very quickly. Doctors say this could injure（傷害）the brain. 2 . The man had no history of head injuries but had been headbanging for many years. He began to have bad headaches after going to a heavy metal concert. 3 . They gave him a brain scan（掃描）and found bleeding in his brain. He needed an operation to repair it. Doctors made a hole in his brain to take out some blood. 4 . Doctors say the risk of injury to the brain from headbanging is low and heavy metal fans do not need to stop doing the dance completely. The head doctor AriyanPirayesh said: “We are not against headbanging. Rock ‘n’ roll will never die. 5 . We just think if our patient had gone to a classical（古典的）concert, this would not have happened.” A. Heavy metal fans should rock on B. Two months later, his headaches disappeared C. Doctors thought that might lead to his headaches D. They recently treated a 50-year-old heavy metal fan E. Headbanging is a dance that fans of heavy metal music like 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 as well 也，還有 instead adv. 反而，代替 silly adj. 愚蠢的 lose weight 減肥 keep fit 保持健康 popular adj. 流行的 hopefully adv. 有希望地 take place 發(fā)生，舉行 suddenly adv. 意外地，忽然地 trainer n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. 2. The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 3.在一些學(xué)校，當(dāng)下雨時(shí)會(huì)太濕以至于不能踢足球或玩曲棍球，孩子們不得不用越野跑來代替。 4. 這個(gè)比賽覆蓋了一條極好的路線，在這條路線上賽跑者經(jīng)過許多著名的地方，像倫敦眼和大本鐘。 5. 印刷字體太小，我不戴眼鏡就看不清。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. E 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 第2講（下）東城一模閱讀表達(dá) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀表達(dá)中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累, 及閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀表達(dá)習(xí)題。 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”, 在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)高頻詞和長難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句, 快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 minimalist n. 極簡抽象派藝術(shù)家 minimalism n. 極簡派藝術(shù) messy adj. 凌亂的，散亂的 encouraged adj. 被激勵(lì)的，受到鼓舞的 v. encourage鼓勵(lì) collect v. 收集 charity n. 慈善 actually adv. 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上 organized adj. 有組織的 v. organize組織 advertisement n. 廣告 v. advertise為…做廣告 mindful adj. 留心的 continue v. 繼續(xù)，延續(xù) 長難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. I started clearing out a lot of the things which I didn’tuse.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：我開始清理許多我不用的東西。 本句中包含了一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 2. AlthoughI know thatI would never need thesethings again, I still foundit very difficultto get rid of them.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：雖然我知道我不會(huì)再需要這些東西，但我仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)很難擺脫他們。 本句中包含了一個(gè)由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀表達(dá)解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀表達(dá)的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀表達(dá)的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀表達(dá)解題步驟 第一步 認(rèn)真審題，讀懂題意 做題時(shí)我們應(yīng)先閱讀所給的任務(wù)，明確任務(wù)是什么，再帶著任務(wù)去閱讀材料，這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)，有針對(duì)性的去讀，并能提高閱讀效率。 第二步 快速瀏覽，掌握大意 明確任務(wù)后，應(yīng)迅速閱讀全文來了解文章主要內(nèi)容，以及文章的感情基調(diào)，作者的意圖、態(tài)度傾向。 第三步 細(xì)讀題目，完成任務(wù) 泛讀全文之后，就可以采用“跳讀”的方式來尋找細(xì)節(jié)在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)，“跳讀”的目的就是為細(xì)節(jié)尋找答案。 第四步 復(fù)讀文章，核實(shí)任務(wù) 完成所有任務(wù)后，還應(yīng)結(jié)合題目再把全文通讀一遍，認(rèn)真核實(shí)答案，要注意句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性、主謂一致等。 二、閱讀表達(dá)解題技巧 在閱讀表達(dá)題型中，要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上，去完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個(gè)問題，主要考察學(xué)生捕捉信息的能力，綜合概括信息的能力和組織信息的能力。接下來將從細(xì)節(jié)題，是非題，主旨題和活用題四種題型的解題技巧進(jìn)行講解。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)題 解題技巧 細(xì)節(jié)題一般對(duì)人，事，地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間，原因及方式等進(jìn)行提問，首先要審清題目要求，然后找出題目在文中出現(xiàn)的對(duì)應(yīng)段落，直接作答或用自己的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the writer’s question in Letter A? 2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people? 4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents’ jobs different from children’s jobs according to Letter A. 典題精析 On November 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days. 問題：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea? 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“這個(gè)玻璃瓶在海里移動(dòng)了多長時(shí)間？”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“the weighted glass bottle move in the sea”可將答案鎖定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。 答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 題型 題型二：是非題 解題技巧 提問形式為一般疑問句，首先鎖定范圍，在范圍內(nèi)劃出依據(jù)，然后使用Yes / No作答。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do parents have homework according to letter B? 2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage? 3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000? 4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club? 典題精析 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didn’t break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didn’t want to damage it. 問題：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in xx? 解析：本題為是非題。題干意為“Marianne Winkler是在xx年發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)瓶子的嗎？”，根據(jù)第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in xx.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。 答案：Yes. 題型 題型三：主旨題 解題技巧 抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分，先分后總還是總分總，確定總寫在篇首還是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述幾種情況，則綜合全文或段落，用自己的話進(jìn)行概括。中考閱讀表達(dá)中的主旨大意題一般由兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)構(gòu)成，常用的句型有： 1. 介紹某個(gè)物體，新興事物或抽象概念時(shí)：What……is. 2. 介紹某個(gè)人物時(shí)：Who……is. 3. 介紹做某事的方法時(shí)：How to do …… / How…… 4. 介紹某事物的優(yōu)/缺點(diǎn)時(shí)：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of …… 例1. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例2. What is the main idea of the passage? 解答：How to run a studio system? 例3. What is the passage mainly about? 解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book. 設(shè)題方式 1. What is the passage mainly about? 2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage? 3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 4. What do you learn from this story? 5. What is the purpose of this passage? 典題精析 Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威脅）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 問題：What is the main idea of paragraph 4? 解析：本題為段落主旨題。題干意為“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根據(jù)第四段段首句可知“澳大利亞允許更多的火自然燃燒”，而后面的內(nèi)容解釋的是這樣做的原因是保持森林健康，綜合這兩點(diǎn)并運(yùn)用in order to短語即可得出正確答案，應(yīng)填“In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.”。 答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally. 題型 題型四：活用題 解題技巧 主觀性最強(qiáng)，需要準(zhǔn)確把握主旨，圍繞文章的中心觀點(diǎn)列出要點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)點(diǎn)成句，進(jìn)行潤色，但要注意不能不著邊際，離題萬里。 設(shè)題方式 1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why? 2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 典題精析 I think it’s only fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but it’s good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when __________. 問題：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B? 解析：本題為活用題。題干意為“在letter B結(jié)尾的空白處能夠填什么？”，這類題的答案比較靈活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主旨一致就可以。本段主要說的是孩子們?cè)诩依镒鲆恍┘覄?wù)能夠幫助她們學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己，當(dāng)_____, 這一點(diǎn)是有用的。那么一定是孩子離開家，獨(dú)自生活的時(shí)候，答案與此主題一致即可。 答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own …… 語篇精講 瀏覽問題 （抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng) 1 What doesminimalism suggest? 2 How did the writer get rid of some of her CDs and books? 3 How did the writer feel after getting lots of things out of her room? 4 Why is it hardto be a minimalist? 5 What are the advantages of being aminimalist? 通讀尋讀 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 記敘文 341 6-8分鐘 __/5 ★★★ Becoming a Minimalist I have too many things. My bedroom is often very messy. I have shelves with dirty books I never read and CDs Idont listen to. My drawers are filled with clothes I never wear. I was getting upset that I never had any space in my bedroom. Then I read about minimalism. Minimalism suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important thingsand get rid of(處理掉)everything else.After reading about minimalism Ifelt encouraged to solve my problem. I started clearing out a lot of the things which I didn’t use. I collected bags of clothes to give to charity. I sold some of my CDs and books online. AlthoughI know thatI would never need thesethings again, I still foundit very difficultto get rid of them. My brain tried to stop me from letting them go. I said to myself “I might need them in the future!?” or “won’t I besad if I lose that?” But the things was, I knew Icouldn’t keep everything. After getting lots of thing out of my room, I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space.And an organized bedroom also makes me have a clear and organized mind! The main idea behind minimalism is to cut down what you own, and by doing this you can really valuethethings you have.It’s not easy to be a minimalist. We are often told that it is betterto have more things. Advertisements try to make us believethat we will only be happy by spending more money to buy more things. Of courseI’m not a perfect minimalist—I’ve only just started. I still own a lot of things which I don’t really need, butI think thiswas a good start. In the future, I will be more mindful of what I buy. And I will continue to make an effort to get rid of what I don’t need. 1. What does minimalism suggest? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 2. How did the writer get rid of some of her CDs and books? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. How did the writer feel after getting lots of things out of her room? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. Why is it hardto be a minimalist? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 5. What are the advantages of being aminimalist? ________________________________________________________________________________________________. 逐題分析 語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文，主要介紹了極簡抽象派藝術(shù)家這一概念并闡述了自己是如何克服困難成為一名極簡主義者的。 1. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“極簡主義者建議什么？”，根據(jù)題干將答案鎖定到第一段的關(guān)鍵句Minimalism suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important thingsand get rid of(處理掉)everything else，即可推斷出答案，這里要記得把minimalism換成it，更符合英語語言習(xí)慣。 答案：It suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important thingsand get rid ofeverything else. 2. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“作者是怎樣處理掉他的一些CD和書的？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定第二段關(guān)鍵句I sold some of my CDs and books online.，即可推斷出正確答案，這里要記住兩點(diǎn)，第一點(diǎn)是人稱的變化，I要變成she；第二點(diǎn)是用代詞them來替代問題中提到的some of my CDs and books。 答案：She sold them online. 3. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“在把許多東西從房間中拿出去后作者的感覺是怎樣的？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文中關(guān)鍵句After getting lots of thing out of my room, I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space，根據(jù)本句可以判定當(dāng)時(shí)作者的感覺應(yīng)該是excited，但要注意答案的簡潔性，直接答She felt excited就可以。 答案：She felt excited. 4. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“為什么很難成為一個(gè)極簡主義者？”，根據(jù)題干鎖定文章關(guān)鍵句It’s not easy to be a minimalist. We are often told that it is betterto have more things，即可推斷出答案，這里要注意why問because答這一問答技巧。 答案：because we are often told that it is better to have more things. 5. 解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“成為極簡主義者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么？”，瀏覽文章，可將答案鎖定在文章最后一段中，本題優(yōu)點(diǎn)不止一條，要細(xì)心查找。根據(jù)I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space.可知極簡主義可以使房間多出一些空間，看起來更整潔，總結(jié)出it helps us to keep our room tid