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2019年高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 考點(diǎn)歸納拓展 Module 1 Deep South 外研版選修8 balance v．使保持平衡n.平衡；平衡能力；天平 [經(jīng)典例句]Everything you see exists together in a delicate balance. 世界上所有的生命都在微妙的平衡中生存。 (1)keep the balance of nature　　保持生態(tài)平衡 keep ones balance 保持平衡 lose ones balance/be out of balance失去平衡 (2)balance sth against 權(quán)衡；斟酌；比較 (3)balanced adj.　　　　保持(或顯示)平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持飲食平衡 ①I lost my balance and fell on my face. 我失去平衡，臉著地摔倒了。 ②You have to ________________ the disadvantages.你得權(quán)衡一下住在鄉(xiāng)下的好處和壞處。 ③A balanced diet is very important for you to keep health.平衡飲食對(duì)你保持健康非常重要。 答案　②balance the advantages of living in the countryside against 【巧學(xué)助記】 trap v．儲(chǔ)存；留存；設(shè)陷阱捕捉；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；詭計(jì)；埋伏 [經(jīng)典例句]Its easy to fall into a trap, but hard to get out again.墮入陷阱易，脫離陷阱難。 (1)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套 be/get trapped in　　　　　　被困在……中 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入……的圈套 set/lay a trap for 為……設(shè)圈套 ①He was trapped in the crashed car and couldnt move his legs.他被困在撞壞的汽車?yán)铮瑑赏葎?dòng)彈不得。 ②By clever questioning they ________ making a confession.他們用巧妙的提問誘使他招認(rèn)了。 答案?、趖rapped him into discourage v．阻止；打消……的念頭 [經(jīng)典例句]I knew nothing would ever discourage him, he would never give up wanting to be director. 我知道沒有什么會(huì)使他灰心，他永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)放棄想成為一名導(dǎo)演的夢(mèng)想。 (1)discourage sb from doing sth 勸某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心 (2) be/get discouraged變得灰心喪氣 ①We ought to be focusing on discouraging kids from smoking.我們應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在勸阻孩子們不要吸煙上。 ②Hearing the discouraging result，he felt very discouraged.聽了這個(gè)令人泄氣的結(jié)果，他感到很泄氣。 ③Students will soon ________ if you criticize them too often.如果你批評(píng)學(xué)生次數(shù)太多的話，他們很快就會(huì)泄氣的。 答案　③get discouraged [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Youd better keep a b________diet for the benefit of your health. 2．At one time，she is fine；but at another，she is a________. 3．If you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont be d________. 4．The Prime Ministers visit will p________the cooperation between the two countries. 5．She had the time and the ________(靈感)to develop her talent. 6．It is important to assess the ________(可靠性)of the data. 7．Quick！Call an ambulance！This is an ________(緊急情況)！ 學(xué)生用書第214頁(yè) 8.Her ________(缺席) from the party made her good friends very angry. 答案　1.balanced　2.abnormal　3.discouraged　4.promote　5.inspiration　6.reliability　7.emergency　8.absence Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx天津卷)You are working too hard. Youd better keep a ________ between work and relaxation. A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary 答案　C　[考查名詞辨析。句意：你工作太努力了。你最好保持在工作和放松之間的平衡。promise諾言；lead領(lǐng)先；balance平衡；diary日記。keep a balance為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“保持平衡”，符合句意，故選C。] 2．(xx涼山二診)Share prices are falling sharply, which ________ investors from buying and selling shares. A．prevents B．protects C．discourages D．persuades 答案　C　[考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：股票價(jià)格的急劇下跌大大挫傷了投資者買賣股票的信心。discourage表示“使泄氣”，符合句意。] [核 心 短 語(yǔ)] in case of 如果；假使 [經(jīng)典例句]Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case of a real fire.一旦真的發(fā)生火災(zāi)，許多人就不知所措，不知道該干什么好了。 in case (that)　　　　假使；以防萬(wàn)一 in any case 無(wú)論如何；總之 in no case　　　　決不(放在句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝) in this /that case 如果這樣/那樣 as is often the case 這是常有的事 ①Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow ________. 請(qǐng)明天再提醒我關(guān)于會(huì)議的事，以免我忘了。 ②In no case ________ my motherland. 我決不會(huì)背叛我的祖國(guó)。 ③As is often the case, solving one problem can cause or uncover another.事實(shí)往往是這樣，解決一個(gè)問題可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致或暴露另一個(gè)問題。 答案?、賗n case I forget　②will I turn against 【知識(shí)鏈接】 像in no case 一樣，表示“決不”，放在句首時(shí)，用部分倒裝的短語(yǔ)還有：at no time, by no means ，under no circumstances ，in no way，on no occasion等。 [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.選詞填空 e into sight；set foot on；as a result；e up with；adapt oneself to；stand out；in case； break up 1．Write the telephone number down ________ you forget. 2．Nobody has ever ________ the lonely island. 3．She ________ in the crowd，for she is two meters in height. 4．A camel ____________ in the desert soon. 5．You should ____________ the new environment. 6．They still havent ________ a name for their baby. 答案　1.in case　2.set foot on　3.stands out　4.came into sight　5.adapt yourself to　6e up with Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx北京卷)I took my driving license with me on holiday，________ I wanted to hire a car. A．in case B．even if C．ever since D．if only 答案　A　[考查連詞短語(yǔ)。句意：度假時(shí)我隨身攜帶駕駛證以備租車之需。A項(xiàng)“以防，以防萬(wàn)一”，符合句意；B項(xiàng)表示“即使”；C項(xiàng)表示“自從……以后”；D項(xiàng)表示“但愿……就好了”。] 2．(xx福建莆田高三質(zhì)檢)Dangerous waste will do great harm to human health and environment ________ improper management. A．in return for B．in case of C．regardless of D．instead of 答案　B　[考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：如果對(duì)有害廢物處理不當(dāng)，將會(huì)對(duì)人的身體及環(huán)境造成很大的危害。in return for作為回報(bào)；in case of萬(wàn)一，如果；regardless of不管；instead of而不是，代替。由語(yǔ)境可知，選B。] 3．—How can I pick out your car in the parking lot? —Its easy.The bright colour of my car makes it ________. A．turn out B．stick out C．stand out D．get out 答案　C　[答句句意為“很容易。我的車的顏色很鮮艷，非常顯眼。”所以在停車場(chǎng)很容易找到。] 4．(xx河北唐山高三摸底)All you had to do was think a little harder and ________ a new solution. A．fill up with B．end up with C．put up with D．e up with 答案　D　[考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你所能做的就是再仔細(xì)思考并想出個(gè)新的解決方法。e up with意為“提出，想出”，符合題意。fill up with意為“充滿”；end up with意為“結(jié)束”；put up with意為“忍受”。] [核 心 句 型] Then in 1895，a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. 后來到了1895年，一個(gè)叫卡斯騰博克格雷溫克的挪威人成為第一個(gè)踏上南極大陸的人。 (1)the first...to do...“第一個(gè)做……的”，用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。序數(shù)詞或由序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞后常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。 ①He is always the first to bear hardships，the last to enjoy forts.他總是一個(gè)吃苦在前，享樂在后的人。 (2)有些名詞后?？筛欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)，如chance, way, time, promise, ability, ambition, attempt, courage等。 ②Is that the best way to ________？ 那是解決那個(gè)問題的最好方法嗎？ ③There are many goods in that shop to choose from. 那家商店有很多商品可以挑選。 答案?、趕olve the problem 名師點(diǎn)睛 如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就必須有必要的介詞。 [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The question ________(discuss) at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 2．A terrible air crash happened over the Atlantic Ocean，________ (kill) 150 passengers. 3．Whoever is the first ________(finish )the task will get a prize. 答案　1.to be discussed　2.killing　3.to finish Ⅱ.完成句子 1．There were a lot of problems ________________. 有許多問題需要處理。 2．She usually has a lot of meetings ____________. 她晚上經(jīng)常有很多會(huì)要開。 3．Have you enough paper ________？ 你有足夠的紙來寫字嗎？ 4．He is late for class today，____________. 他今天遲到了，而這是經(jīng)常的事。 答案　1.to deal with/to be dealt with　2.to attend in the evenings　3.to write on　4.as is often the case Ⅲ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx陜西模擬)________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A．It B．That C．What D．As 答案　D　[考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：孩子們通常就是這樣，醫(yī)生來的時(shí)候埃米就好些了。as is often the case固定搭配，意思是“通常就是這樣”。] 2．(xx濟(jì)南一中等四校高三聯(lián)考)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ________ you failed. A．to contact B．contacting C．contacted D．having contacted 答案　A　[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在那個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的村莊沒有信號(hào)，因此我怎么也聯(lián)系不上你。attempt后面應(yīng)用不定式作定語(yǔ)。] 3．(xx內(nèi)江二診)—Im going to the post office. Do you have anything ________？ —No, thanks. A．posting B．to post C．to be posted D．to have posted 答案　C　[由Im going to the post office可知是詢問對(duì)方是否有東西需要郵寄(是尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)，故用不定式作定語(yǔ)，且post與anything之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選C項(xiàng)。] 4．(xx陜西寶雞質(zhì)量檢測(cè)三)Not until he went abroad for further study ________ how attached he was to his parents. A．that the realized B．had he realized C．did he realize D．that he had realized 答案　C　[考查倒裝和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：直到去國(guó)外深造他才意識(shí)到他有多么依戀父母。當(dāng)not until位于句首時(shí)，句子要倒裝，另外，根據(jù)句中的“went”和“was”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故選C。] Ⅳ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．The weather discouraged most people attending________. 2．He is always the first one of get to school.________. 答案　1.people后面加from　2.of―→to [單 元 語(yǔ) 法] 復(fù)習(xí)主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞 1．(xx山東濰坊高三聯(lián)合考試)Every time we stay together, ________ I hear from him is always inspiring stories. A．what B．that C．when D．whether 答案　A　[考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：每次我們待在一起，我從他那里聽到的總是鼓舞人心的故事。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作hear的賓語(yǔ)。] 2．Large amounts of money ________ spent on the magnificent building, but the poor ________ not allowed to have a single room. A．was; were B．were; were C．was; was D．were; was 答案　B　[amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與amounts保持一致，因此用復(fù)數(shù)。the poor是“the＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示一類人，其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故選B。] 3．(xx南充一診)—How should I deal with this old puter? —________ it to whoever is in need. A．Send B．Sent C．To send D．Sending 答案　A　[考查祈使句。由上句可知，說話者在問對(duì)方的意見，對(duì)方直接給予了命令或建議：把舊電腦送給需要它的人。所以答語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是一個(gè)祈使句，故用動(dòng)詞原形。] 4．(xx福建三明高三聯(lián)考)Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes ________ sent to the disasterhit area since the powerful earthquake occurred. A．has been B．have been C．is being D．a(chǎn)re being 答案　A　[考查主謂一致。本句的主語(yǔ)是Some necessary equipment，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為“since＋一般過去時(shí)”，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。]