2019-2020年高考英語二輪專題復習 專題一 冠詞和名詞練習.doc
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2019-2020年高考英語二輪專題復習 專題一 冠詞和名詞練習 1.(xx課標卷Ⅰ)India attained ______ independence in 1947, after ______ long struggle. A./; a B.the; a C.an; / D.an; the 解析:印度經過長期斗爭后,在1947年獲得了獨立。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。因為independence是抽象名詞,在本句表泛指,故前面用零冠詞;struggle為可數名詞,在本句中表示泛指,故第二個空格為a。故答案為A項。 答案:A 2.(xx重慶卷)The parents were shocked by ______ news that their son needed ______ operation on his knee. A.a; / B.the; / C.the; an D.a; an 解析:這對父母被他們的兒子需要做膝部手術的消息震驚了。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。第一空處news后有同位語從句解釋說明news的內容,表特指,故使用定冠詞the;第二空處表示在膝部做的一個手術,表泛指,故用不定冠詞an。 答案:C 3.(xx山東卷)It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ______ night sky. A./; a B.a; the C.the; a D.the; / 解析:句意:那是一個寒冷冬天的夜晚,月亮在夜空閃耀著。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。第一個空用不定冠詞表示泛指;第二個空表示特指;the night sky夜空。 答案:B 4.(xx陜西卷)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ______ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ______ thirteenth century. A.the; a B.a; / C./; the D.the; the 解析:據說在十三世紀馬可波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經過太平洋。在海洋、江河等專有名詞前面要用定冠詞the; thirteenth是序數詞,前面也要用the,故選D項。 答案:D 5.(xx福建卷)The “Chinese Dream” is ______ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development. A.the; a B.a; a C.a; the D.the; the 解析:句意:“中國夢”是一個改善民生的夢,是一個和諧、和平和發(fā)展的夢。本題考查冠詞的基本用法。dream是可數名詞,此處用不定冠詞a表示“一個”的意思,故答案為B項。 答案:B 6.(xx天津卷)While she was in Paris, she developed a ______ for fine art. A.way B.relation C.taste D.habit 解析:句意:在巴黎期間,她培養(yǎng)了對美術的興趣。本題考查名詞辨析。A:方式,方法;B:關系;D:習慣。taste作名詞時,意為“愛好,嗜好”。 答案:C 7.(xx浙江卷)As the worlds population continues to grow, the ______ of food bees more and more of a concern. A.worth B.supply C.package D.list 解析:句意:隨著世界人口的持續(xù)增長,食物的供應越來越成為一個關注的焦點。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。A:價值;B:供應;C:包;D:清單。 答案:B 8.(xx遼寧卷)The accident caused some ______ to my car, but its nothing serious. A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage 解析:句意:這場事故給我的車造成了一定的損壞,但問題不嚴重??疾槊~。根據短語搭配cause some damage to...“對……造成一定的損壞”,選D項。harm傷害,損害,常用于do harm to短語中;injury傷害,常用于對人身體的傷害;ruin毀滅,破產。 答案:D 9.(xx江蘇卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ______ for the better. A.share B.chance C.turn D.lead 解析:句意:在其他飲食文化的啟發(fā)下,美國的飲食文化可能會向更好的方向轉變。本題考查名詞辨析。share份額,股份;chance機會,可能;turn變化,轉變;lead榜樣,領先。 答案:C 10.(xx江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______. A.curiosity B.satisfaction C.envy D.patience 解析:每當我犯錯時,老師都會耐心地把它們指出來。本題考查名詞辨析。A:好奇,好奇心;B:滿意,滿足;C:嫉妒,羨慕;D:耐心,忍耐力。根據語境選D項。 答案:D 1.(xx蘇北一模)Mr. Joe, ______ professor at the University of Fribourg, is famous for his academic achievements in ______ World History. A.the; / B.the; a C.a; the D.a; / 解析:句意:喬先生,Fribourg大學的一個教授,因為他在世界史方面的學術成就而聞名。本題考查冠詞的用法。根據句意,喬先生是這所大學的教授之一,為泛指;另外World History作為一門學科,不需要加冠詞,故選D項。 答案:D 2.(xx石家莊質檢二)Liang Bo, the champion of the Voice of China, is a man of ______ few words but has ______ remarkable inner strength. A./; a B.a; a C.the; / D./; the 解析:句意:梁博——《中國好聲音》冠軍,是一個不善言談卻有非凡的內在力量的人。第一空考查a few與few的區(qū)別。few少,a few等于several(幾個)。本句表示“說話很少”,故第一空用零冠詞,排除B、C兩項;strength在本句中表泛指,故答案為A項。 答案:A 3.(xx安徽聯(lián)考)—As ______ child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at ______ time. —That is my fathers story, too. A.a; the B./; a C.a; a D./; the 解析:句意:——我父親小時候經常把所有的周日都花在戶外放松上,甚至一次要玩上幾個小時?!且彩俏腋赣H的經歷。本題考查冠詞。第一空后的child為單數名詞,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠詞。第二空考查冠詞的習慣用法。at a time 為固定短語,意為“一次”。又如:Dont enter at once. One at a time. 不要同時全進來,一次進一個人。 答案:C 4.(xx河北質檢)______ Chinese government has decided to introduce more measures to improve the public transport systems in ______ countrys crowded urban areas. A.A; / B.The; / C.The; a D.The ;the 解析:句意:中國政府已經決定采取更多的措施來改善該國擁擠城市的公共交通系統(tǒng)。兩個空后的名詞government和country在本句中均表特指,故用定冠詞。 答案:D 5.(xx南昌一模)As ______ mountains surrounding our village are turning much greener, they have bee ______ home to a large number of wild animals. A.the; / B.the; a C./; a D.the; the 解析:句意:當我們村周圍的群山變綠時,它們便成了很多野生動物的棲息地。根據句意可知,第一空的mountains在本句中表示特指,故用定冠詞,排除C項;“be/bee home to...”為固定搭配,相當于be/bee the home of...,意為“……的棲息地”。 答案:A 6.(xx合肥三模)I found myself talking to ______ Zhu Jun! Not ______ Zhu Jun from CCTV, of course, but someone with the same name. A./; the B.the; a C.the; / D./; a 解析:句意:我發(fā)現我自己正在跟朱軍講話!當然不是中央電視臺的那個朱軍,而是一樣名字的一個人。本題考查冠詞的用法。第一個Zhu Jun為純專有名詞,不加冠詞;第二個Zhu Jun是被普通化的專有名詞,后有定語,因此為特指,故選A項。 答案:A 7.(xx日照二模)The teacher praised me for ______ progress Id made, which was ______ great encouragement to me. A.the; / B.the; a C./; a D./; / 解析:句意:老師因為我取得的進步而表揚我,這對我是一個很大的鼓勵。本題考查冠詞的用法。progress后有定語從句修飾,意為“我取得的進步”,為特指;第二空a great encouragement意為“一件很鼓舞人的事情”,此處encouragement為可數名詞,故選B項。 答案:B 8.(xx安徽聯(lián)考Ⅰ)We Chinese have a dream—______ dream to turn a welloff life into ______ reality by 2020. A.a; / B.the; / C.a; a D./; / 解析:句意:我們中國人有一個夢想,即到2020年實現小康生活。第一空及后面的dream與破折號前的a dream為同位關系,故第一空用不定冠詞;第二空考查冠詞的習慣用法。turn...into reality為固定結構。 答案:A 9.(xx大連雙基)Mo Yan, a most widelyread writer, takes a plete new ______ to describing Chinas rural and folk culture. A.way B.approach C.passage D.entry 解析:句意:莫言的作品被廣泛閱讀,他采用了全新的方法來描述中國的鄉(xiāng)村民俗文化。an approach to為固定搭配,相當于a way of,意為“……的方法”;passage指人們行走的“通道,走廊”,不合本句要求;entry意為“進入,進入權,入口處”,不合本句要求。 答案:B 10.(xx安徽質檢)Finding information in todays world is easy. The ______ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. A.knowledge B.ability C.petition D.challenge 解析:句意:當今世界找信息很容易,但困難的事是你如何辨別你所獲得的信息是否有用。A:知識;B:能力;C:競賽。challenge:a new or difficult task挑戰(zhàn),艱巨任務。又如:She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜歡艱巨的工作。 答案:D 11.(xx陜西二模)In his absence, I would like to thank all concerned on my brothers ______. A.behalf B.part C.business D.interest 解析:句意:我弟弟沒在場,我想代表他向所有相關的人員表示感謝。on sb.s behalf等于on behalf of sb.,為固定短語,意為“代表某人”。又如:On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示謝意。for sb.s part就某人而言;on business因公;in sb.s interest為了某人的利益;但沒有on sb.s part, on sb.s business, on sb.s interest結構。 答案:A 12.(xx福建質檢)—What does PM2.5 mean? —Its a professional ______ indicating the condition of air pollution. A.term B.item C.number D.mark 解析:句意:——PM2.5是什么意思?——它是一個表示空氣污染狀況的專業(yè)術語。A:術語;B:項目;C:數字;D:記號。 答案:A 13.(xx東北一模)The police managed to gain ______ through an upstairs window. A.approach B.way C.access D.passage 解析:句意:警方設法通過樓上的一扇窗戶進入。approach, way, passage都有“道路,通道”的意思,且都為可數名詞。access為不可數名詞,意為“通道,入徑”。設空處前沒有冠詞,四個選項中只有access為不可數名詞,故答案為C項。 答案:C 14.(xx江蘇二模)—Whenever you want a good meal, e to my restaurant and eat for free. —Believe me, that is an ______ I will not refuse. A.approach B.offer C.idea D.instruction 解析:句意:——無論你什么時候想吃頓美餐,你就來我的飯店免費用餐?!判陌?。那種提議我是不會拒絕的。A:接近,方法,途徑;C:想法,念頭,主意;D:指導,說明。offer主動提議,建議。 答案:B 15.(xx天津聯(lián)考Ⅰ)If you want to study the nature of the universe, first of all, you must be clear about its ______. A.traditions B.consequences C.signs D.origins 解析:句意:如果你想研究宇宙的本質,首先你必須弄清它的起源。A:傳統(tǒng);B:結果;C:跡象;D:起源。 答案:D 1.It was reported that ______ silent movie “The Artist” became the biggest winner at ______ 84th Academy Award. A.the; the B.a; / C./; the D.the; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空特指《藝術家》這部無聲電影,應用the;第二空后面是序數詞,也應用定冠詞the。故選A。 答案:A 2.Basketball star Jeremy Lin is ______ good example to kids, who shows them how to make ______ success in the world. A.the; the B.a; the C./; a D.a; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空填不定冠詞a,表示泛指;success為不可數名詞,第二空不填冠詞。故選D。 答案:D 3.According to the contract, if we cant meet the deadline we shall pay ______ fine of 10,000 dollars as ______ punishment. A.a; a B.the; a C.the; the D./; / 解析:考查冠詞。fine作“罰款”講時為可數名詞,a fine of...“多少金額的罰款”;as a punishment“作為一種懲罰”。故選A。 答案:A 4.It is such ______ honour to take part in ______ celebration, so how could I make any mistakes? A.an;/ B.the; the C.an; the D./; the 解析:考查冠詞。語意:參加這個慶祝活動是多大的榮幸,我怎么能出任何差錯呢?it is an honour to do sth.中honour的意思是“榮幸,光榮”,為可數名詞,故用不定冠詞;根據語意可知,此處celebration為特指,故選C項。 答案:C 5.The boy didnt e to ______ life and the method to start his breathing ended up as ______ failure. A./; the B.the; / C.a; a D./; a 解析:考查冠詞的用法。語意:男孩沒能蘇醒過來,讓他恢復呼吸的方法以失敗告終。e to life“開始動起來”,life前不用冠詞;failure在這里是抽象名詞具體化,表示“失敗的人或事”,前面應用不定冠詞。 答案:D 6.On ______ Monday morning in July, Mr. Anderson happened to find his missing father among the people at ______ church. A.a; the B.the; / C.a; / D./; a 解析:考查冠詞的用法。在七月的一個星期一早上,安德森先生碰巧在做禮拜的人中發(fā)現了他失蹤的父親。Monday前一般不用冠詞,但表示“某個星期一”時用不定冠詞;at church在教堂做禮拜。 答案:C 7.Londons taxis are regarded as ______ best in the world, and New Yorks yellow taxis came ______ second, according to an annual taxi poll. A.the; the B.the; a C./; the D.the; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空,形容詞最高級前要使用定冠詞;第二空,序數詞second充當副詞使用,前面不加冠詞,e second“第二名”,也可看成固定用法。 答案:D 8.With ______ successful launching of Tiangong-1, Chinas space dream has taken ______ step closer to reality. A.the; a B./; a C.a; the D.the; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空特指“天宮一號”的成功發(fā)射,故用定冠詞the;第二空則表示“朝……邁進一步”,表示泛指,故用不定冠詞。 答案:A 9.______ accident in China last week killed 21 preschoolers and two adults, increasing ______ urgency to draft new safety guidelines for school buses. A.The; a B.An; the C.The; an D.An; / 解析:考查冠詞。第一空表示泛指上周中國發(fā)生的“一個事故”或特指上周中國發(fā)生的“那場事故”都可以,故第一空an或the都可以。第二空表示特指為校車起草新的安全指導方案的“迫切(情況)”。綜合四個選項,故選B。 答案:B 10.To learn this course, students should have ______ good mand of Chinese and English, as well as ______ good knowledge of law. A./; the B.a; / C.a; a D.the; the 解析:考查冠詞。語意:學習該課程,學生不僅應熟練掌握中英文,還應熟悉法律知識。不可數的抽象名詞前用不定冠詞,表示某種具體的情況或概念。 答案:C 11.The State Oceanic Administration has asked ConocoPhillips China to make a thorough investigation of the ______ of oil spills to prevent similar cases. A.reason B.aim C.cause D.purpose 解析:句意:國家海洋局已經要求康菲石油中國有限公司對石油泄漏的原因做一個徹底的調查,以防止類似事件再發(fā)生。本題考查名詞詞義辨析。reason意為“原因,理由”,常與介詞for搭配;aim目的;cause原因,起因;purpose目的。根據題意正確答案為C項。 答案:C 12.I cant say which type of tea tastes better. Its just a(n) ______ of personal preference. A.affair B.problem C.variety D.matter 解析:句意:我不能說哪種類型的茶口味更好。這只是個人口味的問題。Its just a matter of...這只是……的問題。如:Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.處理這些問題全憑經驗。 答案:D 13.Sometimes its a bit challenging to reach a ______ between parents expectations and their kids desires. A.mitment B.prehension C.cooperation D.promise 解析:句意:有時在家長的期望和孩子的愿望之間達成妥協(xié)有點困難。A:承諾;B:理解(力);C:合作;D:妥協(xié),折中。 答案:D 14.He is a brilliant young footballer whose talent took him from ______ to riches. A.rags B.farmers C.bags D.beggars 解析:句意:他是優(yōu)秀的青年足球運動員,他的才能使他由窮變富。from rags to riches為固定詞組,意為“從赤貧到巨富”,符合句意。 答案:A 15.The pianist missed a ______ when playing the piano on the stage in the Grand Theater last night. A.line B.chance C.step D.beat 解析:句意:昨晚這位鋼琴家在大劇院的舞臺上演奏鋼琴時漏了一個節(jié)拍。beat在此處意為“節(jié)拍”。line線,臺詞;chance機會;step步驟。A、B、C三項均不符合句意。 答案:D- 配套講稿:
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