2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 人與自然 第二節(jié)真題精練（含解析）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 人與自然 第二節(jié)真題精練（含解析） Step One　真題體驗(xx新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ閱讀理解A) Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening，the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 1．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A．Go shopping. B．Find a house. C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知，作者的丈夫只身從印度來到了悉尼，住在旅館里，同時給作者和孩子們尋找房子住，因此選擇B項。 2．The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from . A．a(chǎn) friend of his family B．a(chǎn) Sydney policeman C．a(chǎn) letter in his papers D．a(chǎn) stranger in Sydney 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句“At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.”可知，小女孩的父母是從作者的丈夫?qū)懡o一位朋友的信中得到了他的電話號碼，因此選擇C項。 3．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A．Showed. B．Sent out. C．Delivered. D．Gave back. 答案　D 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“...the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.”以及全文是圍繞作者丈夫的文件失而復(fù)得這一主線展開敘述的可知，gave back (歸還，交還)是最佳答案。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．From India to Australia B．Living in a New Country C．Turning Trash to Treasure D．In Search of New Friends 答案　C 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要記敘了作者的丈夫來到悉尼之后，有一天發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的手提箱丟失了，里面有自己的全部重要文件包括護(hù)照。正當(dāng)作者的丈夫一籌莫展的時候，一位當(dāng)?shù)氐哪吧私o他打來電話，告訴他說他們的女兒在垃圾桶里撿到了這些文件，這些本來可能被當(dāng)作垃圾扔掉的文件最后卻回到了失主手中，這讓作者一家很欣喜，同時也讓他們重拾對人們的信任等，所以這些都是寶貴的財富，因此選Turning Trash to Treasure，這正是本文的主題所在。 Step Two　找出信息句——學(xué)會分析 1．(1題信息句)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. 分析：本句的主干為：my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time。在句子前面，現(xiàn)在分詞短語arriving in...在句中作伴隨狀語；句子的后半部分為while引導(dǎo)的省略句，連詞while后省略了主語和謂語he was。 翻譯：從印度只身抵達(dá)悉尼以后，我的丈夫拉希德在酒店里短暫逗留，為我和我們的孩子們找房子。 2．(2題信息句)At last they had seen a halfwritten letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. 分析：in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend修飾先行詞a halfwritten letter。 翻譯：最后，他們在一堆文件中看到了一封寫了一半的信，在信中我丈夫把他的新電話號碼給了他的一個朋友。 3．(3題信息句)That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. 分析：本句中的謂語部分是由not only...but also...組成的一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)。要注意當(dāng)not only放在句首的時候，要使用部分倒裝的形式。本句可以改為：Not only did the family restore the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.。 翻譯：那家人不僅僅歸還了這些重要的文件，而且還重塑了我們對人的信任。 Step Three　深度閱讀與拓展訓(xùn)練 任務(wù)型閱讀——篇章結(jié)構(gòu) Step Four　知識積累 1．for a short time臨時的；短暫的 2．look for尋找 3．go out出去，外出；熄滅；過時 4．think of記起，想起；考慮；想像 5．get...organised組織好…… 6．settle down定居；安定下來；專心于 7．report the case to the police報警 8．leave out把……留在外面；遺漏，省略 9．sort...out分類；整理 10．faith in對……的信任；對……有信仰；對……有信心 真題精選對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練 (xx福建閱讀理解A) It was Mother’s Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my fiveyearold son，Tenyson.As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. Walking towards the scene，Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me，“Mum，it’s not much fun falling over in front of everyone.” At the front of the supermarket，a charity(慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better，” he said.I was amazed that he’d e up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it，” she replied.“I can’t take your money for such a wonderful gesture.” By now paramedics(急救人員) had arrived，and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her，my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her. Instead I gave the flower to the woman’s husband and told him，“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.” At that，the old man started crying and said，“Thank you so much，you have a wonderful son.Happy Mother’s Day to you.” The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower，telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile. 56．What does the author intend to tell us? A．One can never be too careful. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．Love begins with a little smile. D．A small act of kindness brings a great joy. 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。作者在文章中講述了兒子為一位摔倒的老太太買了一朵花以使她高興起來這件小事，因此選項D符合題意。A項“一個人再怎么小心也不過分”；B項“行動勝過語言”；C項“愛始于一個小小的微笑”，都與文章描述的內(nèi)容不符合。 57．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson. B．Tenyson’s idea of buying a flower gained his mother’s support. C．Tenyson’s care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller. D．The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson’s gesture. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance...”可知老太太不是Tenyson撞倒的，由此排除A項；根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知Tenyson想買花的想法得到了“我”的支持，所以B項正確；由第三段最后一句可知C項說法不正確；根據(jù)文章最后一句可排除D項。 58．The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “ ”． A．a(chǎn)stonished B．struck C．frightened D．excited 答案　C 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞后一句中的too scared(很害怕)以及下一段中的“Instead I gave the flower to the woman’s husband...”可知，5歲的Tenyson害怕血和醫(yī)療設(shè)備，所以選C項。 59．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Flower Power B．Mother’s Day C．An Accidental Injury D．An Embarrassing Moment 答案　A 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。文中提到了Tenyson買花送給摔倒的老太太，老太太深受感動，由此可知本文的最佳題目是“花的力量”，因此選A項。B項“母親節(jié)”，題目過大；C項“一次意外的受傷”，內(nèi)涵較小，它只是本文表達(dá)主旨大意的載體；D項“一個尷尬的時刻”與文章的內(nèi)容完全不符。 5年真題拓展訓(xùn)練(2) 真題深度閱讀訓(xùn)練 Step One　真題體驗(xx新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ閱讀理解B) Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times，” says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day. According to US government reports，emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has bee part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twentyfive years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today，it’s hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that，nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson. 5．According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about . A．the social movement B．recycling techniques C．environmental problems D．the importance of Earth Day 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it...”可知，當(dāng)時美國人對環(huán)境問題沒有足夠的認(rèn)識，因此應(yīng)選擇C項。A項指社會運動，與主題不符；B項指回收的技巧，范圍太窄；D項應(yīng)該是環(huán)境的重要性，而不是“地球日”的重要性。 6．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly e from? A．The grassroots level. B．The business circle. C．Government officials. D．University professors. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.”可知，這里強調(diào)了這個運動的支持者應(yīng)該是那些普通的美國民眾，因此答案應(yīng)是A項The grassroots level，從而排除前面提到的那幾類人。 7．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B．They have settled their environmental problems. C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段的第一句說明了汽車和卡車的尾氣排放量從每年1 030萬噸降到了550萬噸，由此可排除A項；再結(jié)合第二句“一氧化碳排放超標(biāo)的城市從40個降到了9個”可知C項是錯誤的；根據(jù)第三句提到的“環(huán)境問題依然嚴(yán)峻”可知這個問題還沒有得到解決，所以排除B項；本段列舉的這些數(shù)字證明了美國人采取了有效措施，減少了環(huán)境污染，因此答案選D項。 8．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A．Education. B．Planning. C．Green living. D．CO reduction. 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。結(jié)合最后一段提到的“25年以前，在美國幾乎沒有關(guān)于環(huán)境的教育項目，而如今，很難找到?jīng)]有類似項目的公立學(xué)校、大學(xué)或者法學(xué)院了”，再結(jié)合布魯斯所說的“沒有教育，就無法改變環(huán)境問題”等，我們可以推斷出教育(education)的重要性，從而排除了B項“計劃”、C項“綠色生活”和D項“減少一氧化碳”這幾個選項。 Step Two　找出信息句——學(xué)會分析 1．(5題信息句)“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA. 分析：本句中的動詞know后面的that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，是賓語從句，其中的let alone更不必說……，表示讓步關(guān)系。 翻譯：在那時人們甚至都不知道有“環(huán)境”這個詞，更不要說知道存在著環(huán)境問題了。美國地球日的總裁Bruce Anderson這樣說。 2．(7題信息句)The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. 分析：本句中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語producing CO beyond the standard在句中作定語，修飾名詞cities。因為兩者之間在邏輯上存在主動關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于which produce...；另外本句中的the number of “……的數(shù)量”，在句中作主語，故謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式。 翻譯：一氧化碳排放超標(biāo)的城市的數(shù)量從40個減少到了9個。 3．(8題信息句)Today，it’s hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program. 分析：it在句中作形式主語，為避免頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象，代替真正的主語to find a public school，university，or law school...；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞a public school...，university，or law school，that在定語從句中作主語，也可以換成which，但是不能省略。 翻譯：在今天，很難找到一個沒有這樣的計劃的公立學(xué)校、大學(xué)、或法學(xué)院。 Step Three　深度閱讀與拓展訓(xùn)練 任務(wù)型閱讀——篇章結(jié)構(gòu) 閱讀表達(dá)——寫作訓(xùn)練 假設(shè)你是你校學(xué)生會主席，針對環(huán)境污染問題，你校學(xué)生會開展了保護(hù)環(huán)境的號召。請你用英語寫一篇100詞左右的短文，號召你校全體學(xué)生保護(hù)環(huán)境。 參考范文 On behalf of the School Students’ Union，I，the Chairman of the Union，am earnestly calling for your active participation in our environmental protection campaign. It is the duty of every global villager；man just can not sustain his glorious civilization without a rewarding environment，which will be possible only if man makes considerable efforts to protect the environment. Do you cherish precious opportunities to volunteer in our joint efforts in environmental protection？Here is a great one not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth.Right next Saturday，our school is to run a publicity campaign to advocate environmental protection across the city. The School Students’ Union will be in charge of recruitment of volunteers.Let’s join our hands and take action immediately. Step Four　知識積累 1．let alone更不必說；聽任；不打擾 2．begin as作為……開始 3．public affairs公眾事務(wù) 4．millions of成千上萬的；無數(shù)的 5．grassroots基層的；基本的；一般民眾的 6．still remain and need to be dealt with仍然存在并需要處理 7．take part in參加，參與 8．therefore因此；所以 真題精選對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練 (xx天津閱讀理解B) Last night’s meteor(流星) shower left many people in the munity dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild，Emerald Valley’s mayor，people gathered in the suburbs of the city，carrying heavy telescopes，expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. “My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing，but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.” Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been plaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds，bats，frogs，snakes，etc.For example，outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(遷徙的)birds.According to the International DarkSky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.” Countless more animal casualties(傷亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings，but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer. Emerald Valley is only one munity that is being aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years，F(xiàn)lagstaff，Arizona，has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide，and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them，so that other creatures can share the night. 41．It happened last night that . A．the city’s lights affected the meteor watching B．the meteors flew past before being noticed C．the city light show attracted many people D．the meteor watching ended up a social outing 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可判斷選A項。 42．What do the astronomers plain about? A．Meteor showers occur less often than before. B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair. C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years. D．Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句和第二句可判斷選C項。 43．What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4? A．Birds may take other migration paths. B．Animals’ living habits may change suddenly. C．Varieties of animals will bee sharply reduced. D．Animals’ survival is threatened by outdoor lighting. 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知答案。 44．Lighting regulations in Flagstaff，Arizona are put into effect to . A．lessen the chance of getting cancer B．create an ideal observation condition C．ensure citizens a good sleep at night D．enable all creatures to live in harmony 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句“...in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.”可知選B項。 45．What message does the author most want to give us? A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves. B．Great efforts should be made to save energy. C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly. D．New equipment should be introduced for space study. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可推斷作者想告訴我們?nèi)祟惖男袨橐h(huán)保。 5年真題拓展訓(xùn)練(3) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 真題深度閱讀訓(xùn)練 Step One　真題體驗(2011新課標(biāo)全國閱讀理解B) While small may be beautiful，tall is just plain unfortable it seems，particularly when it es to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants. The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB)，which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall，has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low，and restaurant tables with hardly any legroom all make life difficult for those of above average height，it says. But it is not just the extratall whose needs are not being met.The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds，doorways，and chairs has remained unchanged. “The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it，so even a kingsize bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men，while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population，” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy，“Sevenfoot beds would work fine.” Similarly，restaurant tables can cause no end of problems.Small tables，which mean the longlegged have to sit a foot or so away from them，are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere. Some have already taken note，however.At Queens Moat Houses’ Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh，6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors，particularly Americans. 60．What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign? A．To provide better services. B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants. C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall. D．To attract more people to bee its members. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句話中“...which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall...”可知選C項。 61．Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy? A．7′2″. B．7′. C．6′6″. D．6′3″. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段中Phil Heinricy說：“6′6″的床對于25%的男子來說較短，而6′3″的床只能滿足不到一半男子的要求”。最后一句又說“Sevenfoot beds would work fine.”。sevenfoot即7′，故選B項。 62．What may happen to restaurants with small tables? A．They may lose some customers. B．They may start businesses elsewhere. C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables. D．They have to provide enough space for the longlegged. 答案　A 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到：“Small tables，which...away from them，are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.”由此可知：如果飯館餐桌小，可能會失去一些顧客。 63．What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh? A．Tall people pay more for larger beds. B．6′6″ beds have taken the place of 6′3″ beds. C．Special rooms are kept for Americans. D．Guest rooms are standardized. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段“...6′6″ beds are now put in as standard...”可知：6′6″的床作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)床在旅館里被安置了。 Step Two　找出信息句——學(xué)會分析 1．(60題信息句)The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB)，which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall，has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. 分析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞The Tall Persons Club Great Britain；本句的主干為：The Tall Persons Club Great Britain has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. 翻譯：大不列顛高人俱樂部，是在六個月之前建立的，它是一個為了身材高大的人的需求而發(fā)起運動的組織，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到旅館和餐館上了。 2．(61題信息句)The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it，so even a kingsize bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men，while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population. 分析：says后省略了連接代詞that，引導(dǎo)賓語從句；than引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句；while引導(dǎo)并列句，表示“然而”。 翻譯：據(jù)寢具行業(yè)所說，一個床應(yīng)該比使用這個床的人大六英寸，所以即使是一個加長型6′6″(6英尺6寸)的床對于25%的男性而言都是小的，而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的6′3″的床僅能滿足不到一半男性的需求。 Step Three　深度閱讀與拓展訓(xùn)練 任務(wù)型閱讀——篇章結(jié)構(gòu) — 真題精選對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練 (xx四川閱讀理解C) A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(過敏的) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy，nine，restarted her father Colm’s heart by stamping(踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stoppe