中西文化對比-成語和諺語.ppt

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Beforeastudentgetsthehangofhowtouseidiomsandproverbs,he’llmakealotofmistakes.Somemistakeswillcausepeopletoholdtheirsideswithlaughter,butthatshouldn’tputhiminastew.Heshouldlearntoputupwithsuchthings.Youmightsayifyouwanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell,that’spartofthegame.,在熟知這些成語的用法前，很多人一定會犯不少錯誤.有些錯誤會使人發(fā)笑.但不必著急，對這種事要有耐性.可以說，學(xué)好外語，就得這樣.,lookout,東西,吃軟不吃硬---bullytheweakbutyieldtoonewhofightsback---tobeopentopersuasion,butnottocoercion,布衣素食---wearcottonclothesandeatvegetablefood---coarseclothesandsimplefare,getthehangof,holdone’ssideswithlaughter,putsomeoneinastew,putupwithsomething,partofthegame,事情就是這樣,忍受（某事）,使某人煩惱（為難,著急）,捧腹大笑,熟悉；得知,Chapter2IdiomsandProverbs,Whatareidiomsandproverbs?,Chinesemeaning:成語和諺語,InChinese:四字成語,InEnglish:setphrases,idiom:agroupofwordsinafixedorderhavingaparticularmeaning,whichisdifferentfromthemeaningsofeachwordunderstoodonitsownandmustbelearntasawholeunit.,proverb:shortwell-knownsayingthatstatesageneraltruthorgivesadvice.,Theyarewell-knownsetphrasesorshortsentences,expressingsupposedtruth,wisdomormorallessons.Theyarespecialinstructurewhichsometimesmakestheminexplicablelogicallyorgrammatically.Theycanreflectvividlyanation’sgeography,history,itspeople’slifeexperience,socialviews,thinkingandconceptsaswellasliterature.,,Ⅰ.Similarity,A.Humanexperiencesandobservations,andevenhistoryareinmanyaspectssimilar,whichmakestheexpressionsandtheirmeaningssimilar:,Strikewhiletheironishot.,Manyhandsmakelightwork.,Hastemakeswaste.,Outofsight,outofmind.,眼不見，心不煩.,欲速則不達.,人多好辦事.,趁熱打鐵.,Lookbeforeyouleap.,三思而后行.,Morehaste,lessspeed.,,,Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.,物以類聚，人以群分.,Thingsofakindcometogether,peopleofamindfallintothesamegroup.,Likeattractslike.,Hemostliveswhothinksmost,feelsthenoblestandactsthebest.,Putnotyourhandbetweenthebarkandthetree.,思想深刻,情感高尚,品行端正者活的最好.,別人家中事,最好別插手./不要多管閑事.,Pridegoesbeforeafall.,驕兵必?。?Lifeisnotabedofroses.,生活并不總是充滿鮮花．,Twoofatradeneveragree.,同行多嫉妒.,It’snotthebeardthatmakesthephilosopher.,有志不在年高.,Preventionisbetterthancure.,Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.,,Longhairandshortwit.,Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.,天下沒有不散的宴席.,頭發(fā)長，見識短．,,得寸進尺.,預(yù)防勝過治療.,Fireprovesgold,adversityprovesmen.,Liveandlearn.,烈火顯真金，逆境識英雄．,活到老，學(xué)到老.,Bloodisthickerthanwater.,Wallhasears.,血濃于水．,隔墻有耳．,Goldenwordsoffendtheears.,忠言逆耳.,Ifyouwouldnotbeknowntodoanything,neverdoit.若要人不知，除非己莫為．Inunityhereisstrength.團結(jié)就是力量．Timeismoney.時間就是金錢.Hewhosebellyisfullbelievesnothimwhoisfasting.飽漢不知餓漢饑．Easiersaidthandone./(It’s)easiertosaythantodo.說時容易做時難．Idlenessistherootofallevil.懶惰是萬惡之源．Brevityisthesoulofwit.簡潔是智慧的精髓.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧.Hewhohasnottastedbitterknowsnotwhatsweetis.吃得苦中苦,方知甜上甜.Goodluckwouldnevercomeinpairs.福不雙至．,,,B.InEnglish,someidiomsandproverbsareborrowedfromotherlanguagesanditisthesamewithChinese.,1.EnglishborrowedfromChinese,toloseone’sface丟面子,papertiger紙老虎,tosaveone’sface保面子,2.ChineseborrowedfromEnglish:,aneyeforaneye,atoothforatooth以眼還眼，以牙還牙,armedtotheteeth武裝到牙齒,awolfinthesheep’sclothing披著羊皮的狼,turnoveranewleaf揭開新的一頁,Theeyeisthewindowofthemind.眼睛是心靈的窗戶.,C.Similarsources:,Fromreligiousworks.Olivebranch---Bible-Genesis,scapegoat---Bible-Leviticus;eyeforeye,toothfortooth---OldTestament-Exodus.現(xiàn)身說法；放下屠刀，立地成佛；五體投地．,２.Fromlegendandmythology.Pandora’sBox---GreekMythology;Achilles‘Heel;開天辟地；精衛(wèi)填海．,３.Fromfable.Awolfinsheep’sclothing;sourGrapes:狐假虎威．,４.Fromhistoricaleventsandstories.Meetone’sWaterloo;項莊舞劍，意在沛公；鞠躬盡瘁，死而后已；水落石出．,,totalkhorse,Ⅱ.Dissimilarity,A.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinmetaphor:,tobreakabutterflyonthewheel,aratinhole,甕中之鱉,likeadrownedrat,tolookforaneedleinthehay,tofishintheair,像只落湯雞,吹牛,大海撈針,水底撈月,殺雞用牛刀；小題大做,tobeataroundthebush,旁敲側(cè)擊；轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角,,tokick/hitamanwhenheisdown,Anidleyouth,aneedy(貧困的)age.,onceinabluemoon,tocryupwineandsellvinegar,totreaduponeggs,diamondcutdiamond,Justicehaslongarms.,Theburntchilddreadsthefire.,千載難逢,掛羊頭，賣狗肉,如履薄冰,棋逢對手,落井下石,天網(wǎng)恢恢，疏而不漏.,一遭被蛇咬，十年怕井繩.,少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲.,Manyheadsarebetterthanone.,Theproofofthepudding---梨isintheeating.,三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮.,空談不如實踐．,Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.寧做雞頭，不做鳳尾．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鳥兒有蟲吃.Theforemostdogcatchesthehare.捷足先登./先下手為強.Clumsybirdshavetostartearly.笨鳥先飛.Everypotterpraiseshisownpot.老王賣瓜，自賣自夸．toblowone’sownhorn/trumpet自吹自擂.Thefoxpreysfarthestfromhome.兔子不吃窩邊草．Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一花獨放不是春．Onedropofpoisoninfectsthewholetonofwine.一顆老鼠屎壞了一鍋粥．Setafoxtokeepone‘sgeese.引狼入室．Whatdoyouexpectfromapigbutagrunt?狗嘴里吐不出象牙.Hethatcomesofahenmustscrape.老鼠的兒子會打洞．Whenthecat‘saway,themicewillplay.山中無老虎，猴子稱大王．Giveadogabadnameandhanghim.欲加之罪，何患無詞.Loveme,lovemydog.愛屋及烏.Everydoghashisday.瓦片也有翻身日；人人都有得意時.,Theleopardcanneverchangeitsspot.本性難移.Alittlepotissoonhot.壺小易熱，量小易怒.Letbeggarsmatchwithbeggars.門當戶對./龍配龍,鳳配風.Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse.勿本末倒置.Finefeathersdonotmakefinebirds.人不可貌相.Killtwobirdswithonestone.一石擊二鳥；一箭雙雕.EverydayisnotSunday.好境不長.Faithwillmovemountains.精誠所至，金石為開.Barkingdogsdonotbite.嘴狠手軟./刀子嘴豆腐心.Anewbroomsweepsclean.新官上任三把火.Onecannotmakeasilkpurseoutofasow’sear.巧婦難為無米之炊.Whatweloseinhakeweshallhaveinherring.失之東隅，收之桑榆.Beautifulflowersaresoonpicked.紅顏多薄命.Asyoumakeyourbed,soyoumustlieonit.自作自受，作繭自縛.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滾石不生苔,轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)不聚財.Talkofthedevil,andhe’ssuretoappear.Speakofangels,andyouwillheartheirwings.說曹操,曹操到.,B.Similarinmeaningbutdifferentinexpression:,Sinkorswim.,自作自受.,Whospitsagainstheaven,itfallsinhisface.,知足者常樂.,Enoughisasgoodasafeast,寧可信其有，不可信其無．,Bettertobesurethansorry.,失之毫厘，謬以千里．,Amissisasgoodasamile.,機不可失.,Opportunityseldomknockstwice.,博而不專．,Jackofalltrades,masterofnone.,不吃苦中苦，難得人上人．,Hethathadnocrossdeservesnocrown.,不進則退．,Romewasnotbuiltinaday.,冰凍三尺非一日之寒.,Wherethere’ssmokethere’sfire.,無風不起浪.,Topayhimbackinhisowncoin.,Anunfortunatemanwouldbedrownedinatea-cup.,---人倒霉喝涼水都塞牙.,★Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.,一個巴掌拍不響.,Failuresarethepillarsofsuccess.,失敗是成功之母.,Truthneedsnotmanywords.,有理不在聲高.,以其人之道，還治其人之身.,C.Someidiomsandproverbsarecommoninonelanguagebutcompletelyabsentintheother:,1.InEnglish:,tomeetone’sWaterloo,GoDutch.,各人自己付錢.,Thelaststrawbentthecamel.,超出忍耐的極限；忍無可忍,Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.,多吃蘋果少得病.,keepone’sfingerscrossed,希望好運；祈求吉利,bebornwithasilverspooninone’smouth,生在富貴人家,pullthewooloversomeone’seyes,蒙騙某人,putone’sfootinone’smouth,說錯話；做錯事,遭到慘敗,2.InChinese:,---Neitheradjustyourshoeinamelonpatch,noryourhatunderaplum-tree---topreventfrombeingconsideredathief,---well-thought-outplan/idea,胸有成竹,盲人瞎馬,---Ablindmanonablindhorse---rushingheadlongtodisaster,---Eventhedogswaggerwhenitsmasterwinsfavor.,一人得道，雞犬升天,---Courtdoormayopen,butnottothepoor,衙門自古朝南開，有理無錢莫進來,瓜田不納履，李下不整冠,※InChinese,thereisaspecialexpressioncalled‘thetwo-partsaying.Itisformedbyashortstatementandatagphrasetogiveafurtherexplanationorcommentthatbringsoutthewitorhumor.Thetwo-partsayingdoesnotexistinEnglish.,theEightImmortalscrossthesea---eachdisplayinghisspecialprowess;peopledoingthesamejob,buteachinhisownspecialway,anddoingitwell,茶壺里煮餃子---倒不出來,boilingdumplingsinateapot---nowaytogetthemout;haveideasbutcan’texpressthemorally,八仙過海---各顯神通,狗拿耗子---多管閑事,Adogcatchingamouse---pokingone’snoseintootherpeople’sbusiness,雞蛋里挑骨頭---故意找錯,Pickingbonesfromeggs---findingfaultdeliberately,貓哭老鼠---假慈悲,Acatcryingoveramouse’smisfortune---fakemercy,門縫里瞅人---把人看扁了,Gazingatsomeonefrombehindaslightlyopeneddoor---takinganarrowviewofaperson,泥菩薩過河---自身難保,AclayBuddhacrossingastream---hardlyabletosavehimself,竹籃打水---一場空,千里送鵝毛---禮輕情意重,Travelathousandmilestobestowagoosefeather---asmallgiftbutatokenofprofoundfriendship,鐵打的公雞---一毛不拔,Anironrooster---notafeathercanbepulledout;skinflint,兔子的尾巴---長不了,Ahare’stail---cannotbe/lastlong,外甥打燈籠---照舊（舅）,Thenephewholdsalanternforhisuncle---thingsstayunchanged,啞巴吃黃連---有苦說不出,Adumbpersontastingbitterherb---unabletoexpressbitterfeelings,Drawingwaterwithabamboobasket,drawwaterinasieve---achievingnothing,D.Someexpressionsseemtobeequivalentinmeaningonthesurfaceandsomearedifficulttounderstandbecausetheirliteralmeaningsoundsstrangetoaforeigner.,tohavewordswithsb.,Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.,Amissisasgoodasamile.,---toquarrelortohaveanangrydiscussionwithsb.,≠和某人說話＝和某人吵架／爭吵,---Ittakesmorethanonepersontoachieveanythingsignificant.,一個巴掌拍不響,---InChinese,itisawarning;inEnglish,itmerelystateafact,oraphilosophicattitude.,失之毫厘，謬以千里,☆toeat／swallowone’swords,≠自食其言＝收回前言，承認錯了見ppt27,gildingthelily,Thepotcallsthekettleblack.,直譯：給百合花貼金≠,---spoilingsth.whichisalreadyfineorgoodbyaddingsth.inattempttomakeitbetter,,直譯：鍋笑壺黑≠,五十步笑一百步,---Onetriestoaccuseanotheroffaultssimilartothosecommittedbyhimself.,---addingsth.tomakeagoodthingevenbetter,---Twohavemistakesbutonehaslessthananother.,錦上添花,畫蛇添足,烏鴉笑豬黑,e.g.Sheaccusedusofbeingextravagant---talkaboutthepotcallingthekettleblack.,togetakickoutof/from(doing)something,toblowonesownhorn(ortrumpet),≠,---togetpleasurefromdoingsth.,≠,各吹各的號,---topraiseone’sownabilitiesandachievements,e.g.Igotakickoutofwatchingthosekidsperform;theirplaymademerealizehowstrangeandfunnywegrown－upsmustseemtothem．,e.g.Ifhe’ssosuccessful，whydoeshehavetokeepblowinghisowntrumpet？,被踢出去,欣賞…或從…中得到極大愉快,自吹自擂,令人發(fā)指,≠,tomakeone’shairstandonend,tomakeone’sbloodboil氣憤,令人毛骨驚然害怕,Thesightmadehishairstandonend—hethoughtitwashisdeadbrothersghost.,e.g.Thenewsaboutthesecorruptofficialsmadeeveryone’sbloodboil.,自食其言,≠,toeatone’sownwords,tobreakone’spromise,收回自己說的話,HetoldeveryonehewasabsolutelycertainthathisarticlewouldbepublishedbytheTimes，butwhentheletterofrejectioncame，hehadtoeathisownwords.,e.g.Nownobodywillbelievehim,becausehehasthehabitofbreakinghisownwords.,topullsb.’sleg,≠,拖后腿,愚弄某人,和某人開玩笑,hinder,bedragon,abigfishinasmallpond,e.g.---I’mjustpullingyourleg.---Don’tpullmyleg.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyleg.---Don’tpullmyleg.I’mmovingsohard.,≠,小塘容不下大魚,小地方或小范圍內(nèi)的大人物,林無鳥，雀為王．,