2021年中考英語考點專項訓(xùn)練10 被動語態(tài)

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1、免費學(xué)習(xí)資料 囊括小初高九大學(xué)科（知識點/練習(xí)題/模擬卷/真題卷/學(xué)霸筆記） 考點10 被動語態(tài) 一、教材重點回顧： 1、被動語態(tài)的含義 英語中時態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即: 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。所謂“被動語態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于中文中常說的“被”“由”的句式，其主語是動作的承受者。 如:“他的自行車被偷了?！保斑@座樓房是由他們建造的。” 2、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 那么，英語中被動語態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成的呢?請看下面的例句(注意劃線部分): This is called “the greenhouse effect.” They are called renewable sourc

2、es. 通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態(tài)”的構(gòu)成是: be+及物動詞的過去分詞+（by+動作執(zhí)行者） 3、被動語態(tài)的運用：下面幾種情況一般要用被動語態(tài) (1)不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。 例如: Paper is made from wood. 紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來的。 He was wounded in the fight. 他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。 Electricity is used to run machines. 電是用來開動機器的。 (2) 不需要強調(diào)動作的對象時。例如: Calculator can’t be used i

3、n the maths exam. 計算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。 Books in the reading room mustn t be taken away. 閱覽室的書籍不準(zhǔn)帶走。 (3) 句子的主語是物。 Spanish is spoken as the official language there. 在那里西班牙語被當(dāng)作官方語言來說。 4、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：最主要是要掌握be動詞的各種時態(tài)變化: 1）、一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。 am/is/are +動詞的過去分詞 One is known as the one-child policy. 其中一項被稱

4、為獨生子女政策 Sea waves are used for producing electricity. 海浪用來發(fā)電。 2）、一般過去式的被動語態(tài): was/ were +動詞的過去分詞 Big family were crowded into small houses. 大家庭被擠一間小房子里。 Electric vehicles were developed in the 1990s. 電動汽車是20世紀(jì)90年代被發(fā)展了。 3）、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài): am /is/ are + being+動詞的過去分詞 A new factory is being

5、 built in our city now. 現(xiàn)在我們市里一家新工廠正在被興建。 Some trees are being cut down in the park. 一些公園里的樹木正在被砍伐。 4）、過去進行時的被動語態(tài): was/were+ being+動詞的過去分詞 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. 那時候在我們市里一家新工廠正在被興建。 Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 去年，一些寶寶正在被陳小姐照看

6、著。 5）、一般將來時的被動語態(tài): (A) will/shall + be +動詞的過去分詞 (B) am/ is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞. Some new factories will be built in our city this year. 今年我們市里將要興建一些新工廠。 Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 你的手表將在一小時內(nèi)（被）修好。 6）、過去將來時的被動語態(tài): (1).would/ should + be+動詞的過去分詞 (2).was/ wee +going

7、to be +動詞的過去分詞. She said that some new factories would be built in our city. 她說在我們市里將要興建一些新工廠。 He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 他認為你的手表將在一個小時內(nèi)被修好。 7）、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)have /has + been+動詞的過去分詞 Their materials have been changed so that it feels more comfortable. 它們的

8、材料已經(jīng)被更換了，為了它摸起來更舒服。 8）、過去完成時的被動語態(tài)had + been+動詞的過去分詞 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. 他說在市里一些新工廠已經(jīng)被興建了。 9）、含情態(tài)動詞的被動式: can/may/must + be + done A lot of water can be saved by forests. 大量的水可以被森林儲存下來。 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)： 1.從句子意義上說，就是重新找出“什么事物”作為句子的主語，來表示是“被完成”的。 例1. 主動語

9、態(tài): 人們說英語。 People speak English in many countries. 被動語態(tài): 英語被說。 English is spoken in many countries. 例2. 主動語態(tài): 我們造這座橋。We built this bridge last year. 被動語態(tài): 這座橋被建造。This bridge was built last year. 2、從語法角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。 例1. 主動語態(tài): 小王邀請你(賓語) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party. 被動語態(tài): 你(賓語

10、)被邀請。 You has been invited to a lunch party by XiaoWang. 例2. 主動語態(tài): 你不準(zhǔn)帶走雜志(賓語) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room. 被動語態(tài): 雜志(賓語)不準(zhǔn)被帶走 These magazines must not be taken out of the reading-room. 例3. (可接雙賓語的動詞如：give, send, show, buy等變被動語態(tài)可有二種變化形式）。 主動語態(tài): 他們授給他(賓語)枚獎?wù)?賓語).

11、They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. 被動語態(tài): 他(賓語)被授予一枚獎?wù)? He was given a medal for his wonderful work. 被動語態(tài): 一枚獎?wù)?賓語)被授給了他. A medal was given to him for his wonderful work. 二、中考考點梳理 1、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：be +及物動詞的過去分詞(p. p) 被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語保持致其具體變化為: 一般現(xiàn)在時: am/is/ are+p. p.

12、 一般過去時: was/ were+p. p. 一般將來時: shall / will be +p. p. 現(xiàn)在完成時: have / has been +p. p. 過去完成時: had been +p. p. 現(xiàn)在進行時: am/is/ are +being+p. p. 過去進行時: was/were +being+p. p. 過去將來時: should / would be +p. p. 含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動詞+be+p. p. 2、 初中教材中常用被動語態(tài)的表達有： 1. be covered with 被覆蓋 2. be made of 由制作(

13、發(fā)生物理變化) be made from 由制作(發(fā)生化學(xué)變化) be made in 由(某地)制造 be made by 被(某人)制造 3. be used for 被用來 be used as 被當(dāng)作(作為)來使用 be used to do sth. 被用來做某事 4. It is said that... 據(jù)說 It is hoped that... 希望 It is well known that... 眾所周知 It’s reported that… 據(jù)報道…… It’s not decid

14、ed that… 尚未決定 It’s believed that… 據(jù)認為…… It’s announced that… 據(jù)宣布…… 3. 主動語態(tài)表被動的情況 (1) open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等詞作不及物動詞時，它們的主語為物， 可用主動語態(tài)表被動意義。如: This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 這種鋼筆寫起來很流暢。 (2) look, sound, taste, smell, fell 等系動詞用主動

15、結(jié)構(gòu)表被動意義。如: Light music sounds soft. 輕音樂聽起來很柔和。 (3)be worth doing用主動形式表被動意義。如: This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。 (4) want/ need/ require + doing相當(dāng)于want/ need/require+to be done。to be done為不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。 My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行車需要被修理。 4.被動語態(tài)的

16、幾種特殊形式 1). 一感(fee1) 二聽(1isten, hear) 三讓(make, 1et, have) 四看(look, see,watch, notice) 以上動詞做謂語動詞時，在主動語態(tài)中與省略to的不定時連用，而在被動語態(tài)中要與帶to的不定時連用，即:主動語態(tài)to省略，被動語態(tài)to回來。 I often see him help the old. 我經(jīng)?？吹剿麕椭先?。 He is often seen to help the old by me. 他經(jīng)常被我看到幫助老人。 2).雙賓語變被動語態(tài)時，直接或間接賓語均可轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，但直接賓語變主語時，間

17、接賓語前常加上 介詞or或to。 Jack bought a gift for me. 杰克為我買了一份禮物。 A gift was bought for by Jack. 或I was bought a gift by Jack. 3).一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，要是為一個整體，不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 We must finish the work carefully. 我們必須認真完成這項工作。 The work must be finished carefully by us. 這項工作必須由我們認真完成。 4).帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時

18、，只變賓語為被動句主語，賓語補足語不變。 I asked her to go with me. 我叫她跟我一起去。 She was asked to go with me. 她被我叫著一起去。 5.不能用被動語態(tài)的情況 1).謂語動詞為不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語時，不用被動語態(tài)。如: happen, take place, take off 等。 2).有些及物動詞或短語也無被動語態(tài)。如: cost, leave, enter, reach, have, wish, belong to, mind 等。 3).賓語為反身代詞、相互代詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞等時，不

19、能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。 4).系動詞無被動語態(tài)。如: be, become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。 1、 典例分類 1. His car ______ five years ago, but it looks quite new. A. buys B.bought C.is bought D.was bought 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句子有個明顯的一般過去時標(biāo)志詞ago, 故確定用一般過去時。根據(jù)題意，他的小車是被

20、他買的。所以用被動語態(tài)。故答案是 was bought D。 2. ----Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him? ---No problem! I think he to think twice before starting. A. should be told B. shouldn’t be told C. should tell 【答案】A 【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)題意應(yīng)該是Tom他應(yīng)該被告訴開始行動前要三思。所以得是should be told，答案是A。

21、 3. Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic _______each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea. A. is created B. was created C. creates 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。該句中3億噸塑料每年被制造出來了，主語是塑料，所以還得是用被動語態(tài)。故答案選A。 4. ---Where will the 2022 Winter Olympics ______ , Cindy? ---In

22、 Beijing, the capital of China, the first city to host both Summer and Winter Olympics. A.be taken place B.take place C.take part D.be taken part 【答案】B 【解析】考查不用被動語態(tài)的特殊情況。當(dāng)謂語動詞為不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語時，不用被動語態(tài)。如: happen, take place, take off 等。所以答案選B。 5. ---Dr. Bethune helped a lot

23、 of Chinese in the 1930s, he is a great international soldier. ----I know, so he _____ still _____ in both China and Canada now. A. has; remembered B.is; remembered C.will; remember D.is ; remembering 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。意思是白求恩現(xiàn)在還被中國和加拿大人們所紀(jì)念。故答案用B。 6. Gina went to the doctor

24、’s yesterday and she ____ about the importance of good living habits once more. A.told B.is told C.was told D.has told 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。Gina是昨天去看醫(yī)生時被醫(yī)生告知好的生活習(xí)慣的重要性。所以答案是C。 7. These machines _____ in their factory by themselves last year. A.make

25、 B.made C.are made D.were made 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)題意：這些機器去年是在他們工廠里被制造的。be made in+地點，表示在哪里被制造。故答案選D。 8. Its reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo __________ from 100% recycled material. A. are making B. have made C. is made

26、 D. will be made 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。句子中的時間標(biāo)志詞是2020年，是一般將來時。而獎牌是被制作的。所以得用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)，will be made，故用答案D。另：be made from 用……做的（看不出原料）。 9. The villagers expect that the building of the bridge ____ before the rainy season comes. A. is completed B. was completed C. will be completed

27、 D. has been completed 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。句意是村民們希望在雨季之前修好橋，是一般將來時。所以用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故答案用C。 10. ---Lucy, what have you learnt from this history class? ---Paper __________fast __________about 2,000 years ago in China. A. is; invented B. was; invented C. is; inventing D. was; inv

28、enting 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句子有明顯的一般過去時標(biāo)志詞2,000 years ago, 故確定用一般過去時。紙張是被發(fā)明出來的，所以用被動語態(tài)。故答案為B。 11. The Hong Kong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge in 2018. We are proud of it. A. is completed B. is completing C. was completed D. completes 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句子中的時間標(biāo)志詞是2018年

29、，是一般過去時。而港珠澳大橋是被修建的。所以得用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故用答案C。 12. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago. A. set up B.is set up C. was set up D. will be set up 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)

30、。句子中的時間標(biāo)志詞是18 years ago，是一般過去時。中國國際救援隊是18年前被創(chuàng)建的，所以得用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故用答案C。 二、易混易錯點撥 1. The 2021 International Horticultural Expo _____ in Yangzhou. A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。2021年是一般將來時，園藝博覽會將在2021年被舉辦。所以用一般將來時的被動語

31、態(tài)。很多人會用習(xí)慣性思維直接選B. will hold，這是思慮不周全的結(jié)果。所以答案選 D。 2. Unluckily, Notre Dame de Pairs（巴黎圣母院）______ this April. We felt so sad for that. A.was burnt B.is burnt C.has been burnt 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。巴黎圣母院今年四月被燒了，明顯是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故答案選D。有些人會覺得this April是一般現(xiàn)在時，從而錯誤地選了B。 3. In

32、Chinese culture , children born in the Year of the Monkey ______ to be smart. A.say B.said C.will be said D.are said 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。題意為在中國的文化里，猴年出生的孩子被說是聰明的。用被動語態(tài)的情況是顯而易見的。故答案用D。 4..AbabysfirstmonthbirthdayisaspecialeventinChina and_____withaspecial

33、 party. A.celebrates B.iscelebrated C.wascelebrated D.willcelebrate 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。首先寶寶的滿月生日是被慶祝的。而and前后的be動詞形式要一致， 前面是is a special event，所以后面也用is celebrated。所以答案選B。 5. It is said that one Greater Bay Area university ____ in Guangdong in the future. A.will be bu

34、ilt B. build C. will build D. is built 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。句子有明確的將來時in the future, 大學(xué)又是被舉辦的，所以用will be built。有些人在粗心地選答案 C.will build。 6. --- I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. ----You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. cl

35、ean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。題中的這些街道每天早上是被辛勤的清潔工們清掃干凈了的。句中有明顯的被動語態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞by, 所以用are cleaned。故答案選 B。 7. ----Im tired of cleaning the house. ---Sweeping robots—more and more widely______ today. Why not buy one? A. are used

36、 B. were used C. are using D. used 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。題中的意思是說，掃地機器人現(xiàn)在越來越廣泛地被使用了，所以是用are used。但是有很多人看到today就會選用現(xiàn)在進行時are using，屬于理解有誤。 8. ----Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! ----Sorry, Mum. It ______yesterday. I forgot to do it. A. didn’t clean B. isn’

37、t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句意是我的房間昨天沒有被打掃，有yesterday這樣的過去時標(biāo)志詞，所以只能選擇wasn’t cleaned。 9.（2019湖南益陽） A lot of trees ________ every spring in Yiyang city. A. plant B. is planted C. are planted 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。由every spring可知本

38、句要用一般現(xiàn)在時，大量的樹被種植。故答案選C. are planted. 10. These cakes_______ with chocolate. Have one, please. 　A. fill B. filled C. are filled D. were filled 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。題目的意思是這些蛋糕里被塞了巧克力，所以選 C. are filled。此題要注意不要選D.were filled了，有的人說這些蛋糕里被塞了巧克力是已經(jīng)完成了這個動作，要用一般

39、過去時。其實不然，這里只是說明這些蛋糕現(xiàn)在這時的狀態(tài)，僅僅是說明它們現(xiàn)在的形態(tài)，與動作無關(guān)。 1. ---- Perfect photos! Good skills! ---- Thank you. They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all. A．took B．were taken C．will be taken 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。此題雖然沒有明確的表示一般過去時的標(biāo)志詞，但是經(jīng)過理解可得知，這些

40、照片是已經(jīng)被拍了的，所以用were taken. 答案選 B。 2. ----The passenger refused to move after taking another one’s seat! ----What a shame! He according to the newly credit system(誠信體系). A. punish B. punished C. will punish D. will be punished 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。意思是他將會受到新出的誠

41、信體系的懲罰的。所以用will be punished. 3. Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun. A. is; inventing B. is; invented C. has; invented D. was; invented 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。two thousand years ago就表明了此句是用一般過去時，紙張被發(fā)明的，故用 was invented. 答案為D。 4. As one of the most e

42、xciting sports, volleyball ______ in the Olympic Games in 1954. A.included B.is included C.was included 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。排球在1954年被納入奧運會的項目的了，典型的一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故答案選C。 5. My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday. A. accepts B. accepted

43、 C. was accepted D. is accepted 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。last Monday.上周一是過去時，全句意思我的建議被全班所接受了。故選 was accepted。 6. In February, Chinese tech company Huawei____Mate X，a foldable（可折疊的）5G mobile phone. A. is introducing B.introduced C.introduces D.was introduced 【

44、答案】B 【解析】考查一般過去時。此題華為公司在今年二月份是主動地發(fā)布了Mate X這款可折疊5G手機，故用一般過去時的主動語態(tài)就可以了。 7. ---It’s reported that 31 of the brave young men _____ in a big fire in Sichuan. ---I don’t know who they are, but I know who they are for. A. were killing B.were killed C.killed D.had k

45、illed 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。首先這個賓語從句是在It’s reported that的主句中，主句用了一般過去時，從句也得用一般過去時。然后這31名消防員是被大火所殺死的，所以得用were killed。 8. The students in this school ______ to choose their own school uniforms. A.are allowed B.allowed C.are allowing 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。句意是學(xué)

46、生被允許選擇自己的校服。are allowed被允許。 9. ---Waiter! I’d like some Shaoyang rice noodles. ----Sorry, sir. Rice noodles ______ only in the morning. A. serve B.will serve C.are served 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。題中意思是說米粉只是在早上被提供。 10. ---Who’s the little boy in the phot

47、o ? ---It’s me. The photo _____ when I was six years old. A. takes B.took C.was taken 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。句中的when I was six years old是狀語從句，用的是一般過去時，所以前面也是用一般過去時表示動作在過去已經(jīng)完成了。照片是被（人）拍的，所以用was taken. 11. ----Where is your book report? Did your dog

48、eat it again? ----No, it almost ，and then my computer just died on me! A.不填；finishes B.不填；finished C.is; finished D.was; finished 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。題是是說它幾乎就要被我完成了，電腦就死機了。由后面的句子died確定整句的時態(tài)用一般過去時。 12. The environment in my hometown is improving because many trees every year. A.plant B.planted C.are planted 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。由every year確定用一般現(xiàn)在時。大量的樹被種植了，所以用are planted。答案為C。 三好網(wǎng)中高級教師1對1，在線輔導(dǎo)，真師可靠！官方網(wǎng)站：資料來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，版權(quán)歸原作者所有,不得商業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)載；如有疑義請?zhí)砑游⑿盘杁d2247443566，感謝支持！