2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit 3 Back to the past教案 牛津譯林版必修3.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Unit 3 Back to the past教案 牛津譯林版必修3 【美文閱讀】 Exploring the lost civilizations of the world 在地球上，存在著各種各樣沒(méi)落的文明。其中既有神秘莫測(cè)的金字塔文明，又有消失的各種古城文明。眾多的古城遺址究竟在哪里呢？一起來(lái)探索一下吧！ Some of them nestle(半隱半現(xiàn)地處于)in the jungle on a mountain.Some of them are found in the middle of a modern city.The remains of these lost civilizations are just waiting to be explored! Machu Picchu(馬丘比丘)is the lost city of the Incas(印加文明)．Over the centuries，the city was covered in dense jungle，but in 1911，the explorer Hiram Bingham rediscovered the city in Peru and brought it to the worlds attention. Tikal(蒂卡爾)may be the oldest of the Mayan cities.Located in northern Guatemala(危地馬拉)，the sites of Tikal National Park became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.According to historical research，the population of Tikal changed from 10,000 to as high as 90,000，making it one of the largest centers and archaeological(考古學(xué)的)sites of the Mayan civilization.The city was deserted in 900 AD when the Maya moved elsewhere. MohenjoDaro(摩亨左達(dá)羅)is an important city of Harappan civilization(哈拉帕文明)．The city dates back to 2600 BC，making it one of the worlds earliest major archaeological sites.After it was discovered in 1922 in Pakistan，people were surprised to find that there was a sewage system(污水處理系統(tǒng))in the city. There is an underwater city of Yonaguni(與那國(guó))in Japan.Off the southern shore of Okinawa，some huge stone structures lie under 20 to 100 feet of water.Many people believe they have been built by some ancient civilization. 【誘思導(dǎo)學(xué)】 完成下面表格(每空一詞) Lost Cities Locations Civilizations Machu Picchu 1. Incan civilization Tikal Guatemala 2. civilization MohenjoDaro 3. 4. civilization Underwater city of Yonaguni 5. Some ancient civilization 【答案】　1.Peru　2.Mayan　3.Pakistan　4.Harappan　5.Japan Period ⅠPreviewing (教師用書獨(dú)具) ●教學(xué)目標(biāo) 本課時(shí)主要是通過(guò)學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)案所給出的內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)，了解本課文中所出現(xiàn)的詞匯，初步了解課文以及相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)，為下一堂課對(duì)課文的全面理解起到一個(gè)鋪墊作用。 ●教學(xué)地位 本課時(shí)主要講述人類消失的文明，其中閱讀部分是一名加拿大學(xué)生記敘的在意大利的龐貝和中國(guó)的樓蘭兩地的旅行見聞及感受。以日記的方式讓人身臨其境，更好地體現(xiàn)單元中心話題。教師要利用課文培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀日記的技巧；培養(yǎng)學(xué)生有效運(yùn)用閱讀策略的能力；提高閱讀能力。 (教師用書獨(dú)具) ●新課導(dǎo)入建議 1)從建筑談起，用多媒體展示學(xué)生熟知的中國(guó)文化的代表性建筑，如：故宮、頤和園、天壇等古代建筑，并擴(kuò)展到談?wù)撌澜缥幕?，使學(xué)生易于接受。2)教師利用多媒體播放古代建筑的圖畫，使學(xué)生對(duì)人類古代文明產(chǎn)生直觀的感性認(rèn)識(shí)。有利于調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。3)呈現(xiàn)本單元的部分詞匯。為熟悉本課的詞匯和內(nèi)容作鋪墊。 ●教學(xué)流程設(shè)計(jì) 導(dǎo)入新課。?學(xué)生閱讀“美文閱讀”與“誘思導(dǎo)學(xué)”(見學(xué)案第45頁(yè))。?學(xué)生就“美文閱讀”進(jìn)行討論，統(tǒng)一答案。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　? 學(xué)生再次閱讀課文(課本第42－43頁(yè))并完成“語(yǔ)篇理解”(見學(xué)案第46頁(yè))。?師生共同討論并統(tǒng)一答案。?讓學(xué)生快速閱讀課文，(見課本42－43頁(yè))并完成“篇章結(jié)構(gòu)”(見學(xué)案第46頁(yè))。 　　　　　? 學(xué)生共同討論，并讓學(xué)生發(fā)表各自見解，最后統(tǒng)一答案。?學(xué)生再次仔細(xì)閱讀課文，(課本42－43 頁(yè))進(jìn)行深度理解，并完成“課文縮寫”(見學(xué)案第46頁(yè))。?老師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論，共同找出答案。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　? 讓學(xué)生根據(jù)所給出的表格進(jìn)行自我評(píng)估(見學(xué)案第47頁(yè))。?學(xué)生討論，并讓學(xué)生代表發(fā)表他們討論得出的答案。老師予以更正。?讓學(xué)生完成“知識(shí)初探”部分(見學(xué)案第46－47頁(yè))。 　　　　　? 老師布置作業(yè)，讓學(xué)生完成課本第44頁(yè)C1，C2，D1，D2四題，預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案Period Ⅱ(見學(xué)案第47－53頁(yè))。 Ⅰ.篇章結(jié)構(gòu) 閱讀P42～43的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空1詞) Lost civilizations Day 1(15th July) Planing to visit Pompeii and Loulan，both of which became lost 1. a long time ago Day 2(16th July) Attending a 2. and learning more about the history of Pompeii－when it was 3. ，when and how it disappeared Day 3(17th July) ●Visiting Pompeii，which was forgotten for many years ●Seeing several houses 4. with wall paintings and the bodies of people who failed to 5. when the volcano 6. Day 10(24th July) Visiting Loulan，a 7. point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West，which was covered by 8. from AD 200 to AD 400 Day 11(25th July) ●Getting more information about Loulan by listening to Professor Zhang ●Seeing lots of things that the city had，including the water 9. ●Learning about the causes that 10. in the citys disappearance 【答案】　1.civilizations　2.lecture　3.founded　4.decorated　5.flee/escape　6.erupted　7.stopping　8.sandstorms　9.system　10.resulted Ⅱ.語(yǔ)篇理解 閱讀P42～43的Reading部分，選擇最佳答案 1．Which is the order of the trip route? a．Italy　　b．Pompeii　　c．Loulan A．a(chǎn)，b，c　　　B．a(chǎn)，c，b　　　C．b，a，c 2．Among the following statements，which is TRUE about Pompeii? A．It was once a rich city of Italy. B．It was buried about xx years ago，but now it has restored its prosperity. C．It was buried on 24th August A．D.89. 3．From the view of the Pompeii city，we can see . A．the whole city was well designed at that time B．the ever existing civilization and development of the city C．both A and B 4．Which of the following is the leading cause of Loulans being deserted? A．Ash and rocks. B．Sandstorms. C．The perdition(毀滅)of the natural environment around. 5．Pompeii and Loulan are almost the same in many ways except that . A．they once were the most flourish cities in the world，but now deserted ones B．they were all destroyed directly by the force of nature C．they were found by peasants 【答案】　1.A　2.A　3.C　4.C　5.C Ⅲ.課文縮寫 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成課文縮寫 gradually；pour；civilization；unfortunate；erupt；ruin；but；lecture；found；flee I felt lucky to win the chance to take the trip to Pompeii and Loulan，both of which became lost 1. long ago. Before visiting Pompeii, we attended a 2. about the ancient Roman city, which was 3. in the 8th century BC.On 24th August AD 79，the volcano，which was near the city, 4. and lava, ash and rocks 5. out of it.All the people who failed to 6. were buried alive，and so was the city.How 7. ！ After several days of traveling, we arrived in Loulan.This was a small, 8. mercial city which existed about 2,000 years ago.It is believed to have been 9. covered over by sandstorms.Around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the 10. of the Loulan Kingdom. 【答案】　1.civilizations　2.lecture　3.founded 　4.erupted　5.poured　6.flee　7.unfortunate　8.but　9.gradually　10.ruins Ⅰ.詞義搭配 1．disaster　　A．blow up or burst 2．gradually B．a(chǎn) paper that gives information 3．ruin C．great misfortune 4．beneath D．happening slowly, not suddenly 5．explode E．escape；leave quickly 6．remains F．below；directly under 7．document G．destroy 8．flee H．parts that are left 【答案】　1.C　2.D　3.G　4.F　5.A　6.H　7.B　8.E Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空 break down；take over；pour out；turn out；result in；decorate...with...；run through；put...under protection 1．I have the columns of the newspaper. 2．Carefully and slowly he the beer . 3．The virus caused the puter to and it needed repairing. 4．As had been expected，his youngest daughter his pany after he retired. 5．On important occasions，the schools balloons，ribbons and flowers. 6．The historical and cultural relics of this area have been . 【答案】　1.run through　2.poured；out　3.break down　4.took over　5.are decorated with　6.put under protection Ⅲ.句型背誦 1．Next week we are flying to China，and going to Loulan，which is known as Chinas Pompeii in the desert. 下周我們將飛往中國(guó)，前往樓蘭——眾所周知的“沙漠中的中國(guó)龐貝”。 2．Many people were buried alive，and so was the city.How unfortunate! 許多人被活埋了，整座城市也一樣。多么不幸呀！ 3．People started to dig in the area for treasure，which caused much damage. 人們開始在這個(gè)地區(qū)挖掘金銀財(cái)寶，造成了很大的破壞。 4．Near the city was a volcano. 在城市附近有一座火山。 5．A saying goes that Rome wasnt built in a day. 俗話說(shuō)“羅馬非一日建成”。 Period ⅡWele to the unit & Reading (教師用書獨(dú)具) ●教學(xué)目標(biāo) (1)熟記學(xué)案中所列出的單詞和短語(yǔ)。 (2)通過(guò)學(xué)案中所給出的重點(diǎn)單詞和重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)，讓學(xué)生能夠正確理解和使用這些單詞和短語(yǔ)，能夠運(yùn)用這些詞語(yǔ)造句。 (3)通過(guò)對(duì)這些詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)能夠更深層次地理解課文，再通過(guò)課文加深對(duì)這些詞匯的理解，更加熟練的運(yùn)用這些詞匯。 ●教學(xué)地位 學(xué)生需要打好牢固的基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)本單元里的重點(diǎn)單詞、短語(yǔ)及句型的用法牢牢掌握，所以理解和正確使用英語(yǔ)單詞和短語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)所在。 (教師用書獨(dú)具) ●新課導(dǎo)入建議 教師可以以檢查上堂課所布置的作業(yè)導(dǎo)入課堂。 ●教學(xué)流程設(shè)計(jì) 老師檢查上堂課所布置的作業(yè)，檢查學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)案預(yù)習(xí)的情況。?導(dǎo)入新課。?讓學(xué)生就“課堂互動(dòng)探究”(見學(xué)案第47－53頁(yè))進(jìn)行討論，讓學(xué)生各自發(fā)表自己的見解，然后讓各個(gè)討論組派代表匯報(bào)各自討論結(jié)果。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　? 讓學(xué)生再次閱讀課文(課本第 42－43 頁(yè))以加深對(duì)所學(xué)單詞與短語(yǔ)的理解。?老師針對(duì)難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)詞匯進(jìn)行講解，并補(bǔ)充學(xué)案中所遺漏的重點(diǎn)詞匯，補(bǔ)充一些必要的練習(xí)。?讓學(xué)生針對(duì)各自不同的意見展開討論，然后老師給出詳細(xì)正確答案。 　　　　　? 讓學(xué)生完成“自我評(píng)估”(學(xué)案第53頁(yè))。?布置作業(yè)。讓學(xué)生完成課本第 45 頁(yè) E、F題，“課時(shí)作業(yè)”和預(yù)習(xí)Period Ⅲ(見學(xué)案第53－59頁(yè))。 1．①I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.(P42)能夠贏得這次旅行的一個(gè)名額，我感到自己很幸運(yùn)。 ②I am so excited to be here！(P43)來(lái)到這里我很興奮！ (1)句①中情感類形容詞lucky后接不定式短語(yǔ)的完成式to have won a place on this trip作原因狀語(yǔ)，不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，所以用了動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式；句②中情感類形容詞excited后接不定式短語(yǔ)to be here作原因狀語(yǔ)。 We shall be very happy to cooperate with you in this project.能在此項(xiàng)目中與你們合作，我們非常高興。 He is very happy for his son to have made such great progress.兒子取得了非常大的進(jìn)步，他高興壞了。(不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前) I am willing to help you. 我很樂(lè)意幫助你。 Lisa was sorry to have done that to him. 對(duì)他做了那樣的事，莉薩覺(jué)得很后悔。 完成句子 ①對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 Im sorry to . ②很榮幸應(yīng)邀來(lái)到這里。 Im glad here. ③見到你我很高興。 Im glad . 【答案】?、賖ave kept you waiting?、趖o be invited here ③to meet you 2．Next week we are flying to China，and going to Loulan，which is known as Chinas Pompeii in the desert.(P42)下周我們將飛往中國(guó)，前往樓蘭——眾所周知的“沙漠中的中國(guó)龐貝”。 句中are flying是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這種用法僅限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如arrive，e，go，have，start，leave，stay，fly，move等。 Bob is going with me to the airport. 鮑勃將和我一起去機(jī)場(chǎng)。 He is leaving for London next week. 他下周要去倫敦。 They are moving to the new house next month. 他們將于下月遷入新居。 翻譯句子 ①他明天下午到這個(gè)城市。 ②你何時(shí)動(dòng)身去上海？ ③飛機(jī)就要起飛了。 【答案】?、貶e is arriving in this city tomorrow afternoon.?、赪hen are you leaving for Shanghai? ③The plane is taking off. 3．take over接管，接任；占領(lǐng)，奪?。徽忌巷L(fēng) In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.(P42) 公元前89年，羅馬人占據(jù)了龐貝。 He took over his fathers pany last week. 上周他接管了他父親的公司。 The area was taken over by the enemy. 那個(gè)區(qū)域已經(jīng)被敵人占領(lǐng)了。 take up拿起；占據(jù)(時(shí)間，空間)；從事，繼續(xù) take down拿下，取下；記下 take off脫掉；(飛機(jī))起飛；取得成功 take in吸收，理解；欺騙 take on呈現(xiàn)；雇用 The desk takes up too much room. 這張桌子太占地方。 We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他教的東西很難理解。 He took off his glasses and looked up. 他取下眼鏡，抬頭看了看。 Her face took on a new expression. 她的臉上露出了新的表情。 【教師備課資源】 take after與……相似 take apart拆開(機(jī)器等) take away拿走；奪走 take down取下；記下；拆卸 take for認(rèn)為；誤認(rèn)為 take to開始；對(duì)……產(chǎn)生好感；形成……習(xí)慣 take out拿出；去掉；扣除 take back收回(說(shuō)錯(cuò)的話)；使回憶起 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空 ①He is taking my job while I am on holiday. ②Our plane takes at 8 oclock. ③When he left school，he took painting for a while. ④You should take what the teacher will say in the next class. ⑤The pany decided to take a new secretary. 【答案】　①over?、趏ff　③up?、躣own　⑤on 4．Near the city was a volcano.(P42) 在城市附近有一座火山。 本句是倒裝句。當(dāng)句首為表示地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，stand，sit，lie，e等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接更緊密，常使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 At the foot of the mountain stands a temple. 山腳下有一座寺廟。 Inside the bag is a cell phone. 包里是一部手機(jī)。 In front of the house sits an old woman. 一位老太太坐在房前。 【提示】　如果主語(yǔ)是代詞，則不需要倒裝。 Away they went.他們走了。 Here he es.他來(lái)了。 完成句子 ①她左邊坐著她的丈夫。 On her left . ②有個(gè)老漁夫住在河對(duì)岸。 Beyond the river . ③你要的書在這兒。 Here . 【答案】　①sat her husband?、趌ives an old fisherman ③is the book you want 5．pour vi.涌流，傾瀉 vt.倒出(液體) ...the volcano erupted and lava，ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.(P42) ……火山噴發(fā)，熔巖、灰和巖石從中大量涌出，進(jìn)入周圍的鄉(xiāng)村。 It never rains but it pours.不雨則已，一雨傾盆。 Tears poured down his cheeks. 眼淚順著他的面頰簌簌地落下。 Thick smoke was pouring out of the roof. 濃煙從屋頂滾滾地冒出。 pour in涌入 pour down傾瀉 pour into/out of...涌入/出…… pour sth.for sb.＝pour sb.sth.給某人倒…… pour oil on flames火上澆油 Letters of plaint continue to pour in. 投訴信紛至沓來(lái)。 Ive poured you a cup of tea./Ive poured a cup of tea for you.我給你倒了一杯茶。 完成句子 ①那位歌星的粉絲們滿面笑容地涌入了體育場(chǎng)。 Fans of the singer the stadium with big smiles on their faces. ②你為什么總是火上澆油呢？ Why do you always ？ ③傾盆大雨下了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 The rain for hours. ④她往我杯子里倒酒。 She my glass. 【答案】　①poured into?、趐our oil on flames ③poured down　④ poured wine into 6．Many people were buried alive，and so was the city.(P42)許多人都被活埋了，整座城市也被掩埋了。 (1)句中alive是形容詞，意為“活的”，在句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 We are very surprised to hear that this old man caught a lion alive. 聽說(shuō)這位老人活捉了一頭獅子，我們都很吃驚。 We found the snake alive.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這蛇是活的。 alive/living/live/lively alive adj.“活著的”，可修飾人或物，用作表語(yǔ)(此時(shí)可與living互換)、賓補(bǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)，不能用作前置定語(yǔ)。 living adj.“有生命的，活著的”，多作表語(yǔ)和前置定語(yǔ)，可修飾人或物；還可作名詞，意為“生計(jì)”。 live adj.“活生生的，直播的，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的”，只用作前置定語(yǔ)，一般只修飾物，不指人；還可作副詞，意為“以直播方式”。 lively adj.“活潑的，生動(dòng)的”，可用作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，指人或物。 This is a live/living fish＝This is a fish alive. 這是一條活魚。 The fish is still alive/living.那條魚還活著。 Young children are usually lively. 小孩子們通常是活潑的。 選詞填空：alive/living/live/lively ①A person is full of energy and is always doing things actively. ②Doctors kept him on a lifesupport machine. ③Her dream was to earn her as a singer. ④Millions of animals are shipped around the world each year. ⑤The enemy officer was caught . 【答案】?、賚ively?、赼live　③living?、躭ive/living　⑤alive (2)句中的so was the city意思為“整座城市也是如此”，構(gòu)成“so＋be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，其用法如下： “so＋be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，常用來(lái)表示與上句有相同的情況或動(dòng)作，其中so代表上句所述的情況或動(dòng)作，意為“……也是這樣/如此”。一般情況下，上下兩句的主語(yǔ)不一樣，但上下句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須保持同類，時(shí)態(tài)保持一致(除特殊情況外)，而句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱、數(shù)則與本句主語(yǔ)一致。 He is tired，and so am I．他累了，我也累了。 You finished your homework，and so did he. 你完成了家庭作業(yè)，他也完成了。 You can speak English.So can I. 你會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。我也會(huì)。 ①“so＋主語(yǔ)(同一個(gè))＋助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)前面情況的肯定。 ②“neither/nor＋助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)(另一個(gè))”表示前面所述的否定情況也適用于后者。 ③“It is the same with＋另一個(gè)主語(yǔ)”/“So it is with＋另一個(gè)主語(yǔ)”主要用于以下三種情況： —Li Hua will go to America for further education. 李華要到美國(guó)去深造。 —So she will.She is leaving for America in two days. 是的，她兩天后就出發(fā)去美國(guó)。 If you dont go to see the movie，neither will I. 如果你不去看電影，我也不去。 Liu Ming studies English，but he doesnt study German.It is the same with Li Hua. 劉明學(xué)英語(yǔ)，但他不學(xué)德語(yǔ)。李華的情況也是如此。 Mike is from America but he can speak Chinese very well.It is the same with John. 邁克來(lái)自美國(guó)，但他漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。約翰也是如此。 Susan is an English girl，and Bath is her homeland.It is the same with Jane.蘇珊是個(gè)英國(guó)女孩，巴斯是她的故鄉(xiāng)。簡(jiǎn)的情況也一樣。 單項(xiàng)填空 ⑥—I often walk home after school. — . A．So she is　　　 B．So is she C．So she does D．So does she 【解析】　so＋助動(dòng)詞＋另一主語(yǔ)。前句所述肯定情況也適用于另一主語(yǔ)，并且so后的助動(dòng)詞須同前一句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致，故選D。 【答案】　D ⑦If Joes wife wont go to the party， . A．he will either B．neither will he C．he neither will D．either he will 【解析】　neither＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)，前句所述否定情況也適用于另一個(gè)人并且if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句的謂語(yǔ)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，wont為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/will的否定式，主句的謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故選B。 【答案】　B 7．The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.(P42) 這座城市被世人遺忘了很多年，直到18世紀(jì)，有一個(gè)農(nóng)夫偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊寫著文字的石頭。 此句中含有一個(gè)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with writing on it”，在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾a stone。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示伴隨情況、方式或原因等。 There was a letter for Liu Ling on the desk with a Swiss stamp on it. 桌子上有劉玲的一封信，信封上面有一張瑞士的郵票。 She said goodbye with tears in her eyes. 她含著眼淚說(shuō)了聲再見。 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)指的是“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。在句中可作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示伴隨情況、方式、條件、原因等。 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)通常有以下幾種形式：形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))、過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))、不定式(短語(yǔ))。 He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世時(shí)，女兒還是個(gè)小學(xué)生。 I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因?yàn)閶寢層胁?，我無(wú)法去度假。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。 完成句子 ①He was asleep (頭枕在胳膊上)． ②He often sleeps (開著窗戶)． ③ (有這么多人幫忙)，we are sure to finish it on time. 【答案】　①with his head on his arms?、趙ith the windows open　③With so many people to help us 8．When I walked around the city，I saw streets just as they had been，with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days！(P42)走在古城中，我看到原樣保存下來(lái)的街道，上面鋪滿了踏腳石，這樣，每逢下雨天，行人就可以不用踩著街道上的泥巴了！ 該句是一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句，when I walked around the city是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，I saw streets just as they had been是主句，其中as they had been在句中作方式狀語(yǔ)，with stepping stones along the road是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)修飾前面句中的streets。so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days！是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 此處as they had been意為“按照原樣”。as用作連詞，意為“依照；按照；正如；像”，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。 Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.在警察來(lái)到以前，我們最好保持現(xiàn)場(chǎng)原樣。 You look beautiful as you were 10 years ago. 你看上去和十年前一樣漂亮。 【教師備課資源】 as it is事實(shí)上；實(shí)際情況是；已經(jīng) They hope to finish the kitchen by Friday，but as it is theyll probably have to e back next week. 他們希望星期五把廚房建完，但事實(shí)上，他們很可能下周還得回來(lái)。 Just keep quiet；youve enough trouble as it is. 安靜點(diǎn)，你的麻煩已經(jīng)夠多了。 as it were可以說(shuō)是 He is like a brother to me，as it were. 可以說(shuō)，他對(duì)我就像是個(gè)哥哥。 完成句子 ①我已按你建議的那樣改了。 I have changed it . ②就讓桌子保持那個(gè)樣子吧。 Leave the table . ③請(qǐng)按我說(shuō)的那樣做。 Please do it . 【答案】　①as you suggested?、赼s it is　③as I told you 9．decorate vt.裝飾，裝潢 ...I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.(P43) ……我看見了好幾所裝飾有壁畫的房子。 After the house is built，how much will it cost to decorate？房子造好后裝修要花多少錢呢？ The cake was decorated to look like a car. 蛋糕被裝飾得看上去像輛汽車。 decorate...with...用……裝飾/裝修…… decoration n．裝飾，裝修 She decorated her room with some decorations. 她用一些裝飾品裝飾了她的房間。 單項(xiàng)填空 the window I saw the girls room was decorated small moons and small stars. A．On；by B．Through；with C．From；by D．Into；with 【解析】　句意：透過(guò)窗戶，我看到女孩的房間裝飾著小月亮和星星。through透過(guò)，穿過(guò)；be decorated with用……裝飾……。 【答案】　B 10．It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly pletely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.(P48)原來(lái)，火山灰覆蓋了沒(méi)能逃離城市的人之后，他們的身體幾乎完全分解了，只在火山灰里留下了人形空當(dāng)。 (1)turn out 結(jié)果是；最后情況是 In case the day turns out wet，we may have to change our plans.萬(wàn)一下雨的話，我們也許得改變計(jì)劃。 The party turned out to be very successful. 晚會(huì)開得很成功。 turn out到場(chǎng)，出席；制造，生產(chǎn)；關(guān)(燈等) It turns out that...結(jié)果 turn out＋n./adj./adv./to be 結(jié)果是…… His oldest son turned out a thief. 結(jié)果他的大兒子是個(gè)賊。 It turned out that he was Georges father. 結(jié)果他是喬治的父親。 The noise turned out to be the dog scratching at the door.結(jié)果那聲音是狗在刨門。 He turned out all the lights and left the room. 他把所有的燈都關(guān)掉了，離開了那個(gè)房間。 【教師備課資源】 turn的相關(guān)短語(yǔ) turn about 轉(zhuǎn)身，向后轉(zhuǎn) turn against 與……反目 turn round/around 轉(zhuǎn)身，調(diào)頭；使(企業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)等)好轉(zhuǎn) turn away 拒絕進(jìn)入 turn back 返回，往回走 turn down 關(guān)小(音量等)；拒絕 turn in 上交 turn into (使)成為；翻譯成 turn off 關(guān)掉(電器、水龍頭等) turn over 翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn) turn to 翻到；求助于，求教于 turn up 出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)，出席；調(diào)大(音量等) 用turn out翻譯句子 ①結(jié)果考試相當(dāng)容易。 ②人們到場(chǎng)觀看比賽。 ③這家工廠生產(chǎn)自行車。 ④結(jié)果這個(gè)方法不能很好起作用。 【答案】　①The examination turned out quite easy. ②People turned out to watch the match.?、跿his factory turns out bicycles.?、躀t turns out that this method does not work well. (2)flee(fled，fled)vt.& vi.逃避；逃跑；迅速離開 During the civil war thousands of people fled the country.在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間成千上萬(wàn)的人逃離了這個(gè)國(guó)家。 flee away逃離 flee (from)從……逃離；避免 flee to逃到 flee(from)responsibility逃避責(zé)任 When the bombing started，people fled to places of safety.轟炸開始時(shí)，人們逃到了安全地帶。 Why does she always flee(from)any kind of responsibility？她為什么總是逃脫任何一種責(zé)任？ 完成句子 ⑤他從不一見危險(xiǎn)就跑。 He never at the first sight of danger. ⑥所有的動(dòng)物都逃離了火場(chǎng)。 All the animals . ⑦她臉上的笑容消失了。 The smile . 【答案】?、輋lees away?、辠led(from)the fire?、遞led from her face 11．It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.(P43) 很多人相信，它是在公元200年至400年之間被風(fēng)沙漸漸覆蓋了。 此句中的It is believed to have been...結(jié)構(gòu)中的it不是形式主語(yǔ)，而是代詞，指代前面的This mercial city，也就是Loulan。本句也可以轉(zhuǎn)換為下面的句型：It is believed that it(this mercial city)was gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. They are believed to have discussed the problem. 人們相信他們已經(jīng)討論過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題了。 They are believed to have landed in America. 人們相信他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了美國(guó)。 It is believed that he will arrive on time.＝He is believed to arrive on time.人們相信他將準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。 It is said that...＝sb./sth.be said to do據(jù)說(shuō)…… It is reported that...＝sb./sth.be reported to do 據(jù)報(bào)道…… It is guessed that...＝sb./sth.be guessed to do 據(jù)猜測(cè)…… It is reported that all the passengers died in the plane crash. 據(jù)報(bào)道，在這次墜機(jī)事故中，所有的乘客都遇難了。 It is said that we will have two weeks holiday this year. 據(jù)說(shuō)今年我們將有兩個(gè)星期的假期。 完成句子 ①據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)離開上海去廣州了。 He is said to S