初中形容詞 知識點總結

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1、I.限定用法（定語） a.形容詞(一個字)+名詞 1. The old man lived in a small village. 2. His elder brother is a famous musician. b.名詞+形容詞(~thing, ~body, ~one等,兩個字或以上的形容詞片語和子句) 1. I want to drink something cold. 2. Is there anything interesting in today’s paper? 3. I don’t like riding on trains full of people.

2、ride on train搭乘火車 4. He tried to climb a fence two meters high. 5. He is a boy (who is) five years old. He is a five-year-old boy. 2. 敘述用法（表語） a. 主詞補語 1. Sea water tastes salty. 2. The rainbow is very beautiful. b. 受詞補語 1. You’ll find the book difficult. 2. I left the windows open. 使開著(adj

3、.) I let the windows be opened. 使被打開(v.) 重點 a. 只能用限定用法的形容詞(定語形容詞) only mere 只~ main wooden upper上面的 inner 里面的 Live/living daily lone 孤單的,古語 1. This is a wooden house. 2. He is a mere child. 他不過是孩子 b. 只能用敘述用法(表語形容詞) alive alone afraid asleep awake well content glad aware

4、 1. I’m afraid of dog. 2. The baby is still asleep. 3. Are you aware of your mistakes? 限定用法和敘述用法意思不同的形容詞 1. I met a certain lady. 某一個 It is quite certain. 確定 2. He is my present assistant. 目前 He is present today. 出席 absent缺席 3. The late Mr. Smith was an able man. 已故 He was late for the m

5、eeting. 遲到 4. She gave me a fond look. 溫柔的 I am very fond of ice cream. 喜歡 3. 形容詞的位置： 1) 形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置： 1 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構成的復合不定代詞時 nobody absent, everything possible 2 以-able, -ible結尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后 the best book available, the only solution possib

6、le 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 the only person awake 4 和空間、時間、單位連用時 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成對的形容詞可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容詞短語一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 2) 多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序： 代詞 數詞 性狀形容詞 冠詞前的形容詞 冠詞 指示代詞 不定代詞 代詞所有格 序數詞 基數詞 性質 狀態(tài) 大小 長短

7、 形狀 新舊 溫度 顏色 國籍 產地 材料 質地 名詞 all both such the a this another your second next one four beautiful good poor large short square new cool black yellow Chinese London silk stone 3) 復合形容詞的構成： 1 形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted 6 名詞+形容詞 world-famous 2 形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue

8、7 名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving 3 形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ordinary-looking 8 名詞+過去分詞 snow-covered 4 副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hard-working 9 數詞+名詞+ed three-egged 5 副詞+過去分詞 newly-built 10 數詞+名詞 twenty-year 復合形容詞有下列五類 1. 形容詞-連綴動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 a good-looking man 形容詞-及物動詞的過去分詞 a white-painted wall 2. 名詞-現(xiàn)在分詞 (主動) a peace-lo

9、ving people 名詞-過去分詞 (被動) a hand-made cake 3. 副詞-現(xiàn)在分詞 (主動) a rapidly-moving tornado 副詞-過去分詞 (被動) a well-behaved boy behave vt. [后接修飾詞語]使(自己)表現(xiàn)得，使(自己)舉止… 例句: he behaves himself well. 4. 名詞-名詞ed a baby-faced girl 形容詞-名詞ed a open-minded leader 5. 數詞-名詞ed a two-headed monster a three-legge

10、d table a second-hand car. three-minute first-class 一流的 three-year- old ten-meter-long 4.特別注意的形容詞用法 a. 不能以人為主詞的形容詞 dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, useful, useless, tough, convenient, important, necessary, regrettable遺憾的, natural, possible 貌似這些形容詞都是人做某事才能體現(xiàn) 只能用It be 形容詞 for人 to V 1.

11、It is necessary for you to see a doctor. 2. Is it possible for you to attend the meeting? b. 以人為主詞的形容詞都是與情緒有關的形容詞 angry, ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, proud, sorry, thankful 1. We were excited about the baseball game. The game was exciting for us. c. The+形容詞 1. The r

12、ich are not always happy. 2. We search for the true, the good, and the beautiful. d. 形容詞的副詞用法 1. It is burning hot. 天氣熱的厲害 2. It is freezing cold. 3. They were dead asleep. 睡得很熟 5.數量形容詞 a. many/much 1. do you have many books in your study? 2. They’ve spent much money on adverting. 否定句中的no

13、t many/much 可譯成[不太多] 1. This garden doesn’t have many trees. 2. My son hasn’t made much money. 口語中,可用a lot of, lots of, plenty of+可數/不可數 代替many/much 1. There were a lot of/lots of/plenty of people in the shop. 2. She ate a lot of/lots of/plenty of ice cream. A large number of=large numbers of

14、 number中文有[數數]的意思,故后接可數名詞 A large amount of=large amount of amount指[量],故后接不可數名詞 b. a few/few a few=some few=not many(幾乎沒有) 表否定,不可和not同時出現(xiàn) 1. There are a few vegetables in the refrigerator. 2. Few people were injured in the accident. 幾乎沒有 c. a little/little a little=some little=not much幾乎

15、沒有 1. I have a little money with me. 2. We need little butter to make this cake. 3. The little of his work that remains should be done within a today. 口語中,可用not many/hardly any代替few 可用not much/hardly any代替little 1. There were not many/hardly any people in the park. 2. There is not much/hardly

16、 any danger of an earthquake. d. some/any some的用法 1. 肯定句 Some students take lessons in Spanish. 語言前用in 2. 表示邀請的疑問句 Won’t you have some more tea? Any的用法 1. 用于疑問句和否定句 --Do you have any question? --Yes, I have some questions. --No, I don’t have any questions. 2. 用于表示[任何~(皆可)]之意的肯定句 You may come any time. 3. 用于條件句(if子句) Ask him if you have any doubt.