中考英語 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語

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1、2018年中考英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練學(xué)案 (單項(xiàng)選擇 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語) 一、行為動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語，可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。 1. 及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，后面要跟一個(gè)名詞或代詞等作賓語才能使其意思完整。 ①動(dòng)詞十賓語，如：buy some books買一些書； ②動(dòng)詞十賓語十賓補(bǔ)，如：find the book interesting發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書有趣； ③動(dòng)詞十間接賓語十直接賓語，如：give me some money給我一些錢。常見帶雙賓語的詞有：give, pass, buy

2、, offer, teach, tell等。 2. 不及物動(dòng)詞 不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整，無需接賓語。后接賓語時(shí)，必須先加介詞、副詞等，使其變成及物的動(dòng)詞短語。如： He arrives early every morning.他每天到得很早。 They are looking at the blackboard.他們在看黑板。 3. 有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing是不及物動(dòng)詞） She sang an English song just now.

3、 她剛才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物動(dòng)詞) 4. 常見行為動(dòng)詞辨析 ①spend，cost. take與pay spend指花費(fèi)時(shí)間或者金錢，后接on sth或(in)doing sth；cost的主語為物，意為“值多少錢”；take表示花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+時(shí)間+to do sth；pay與介詞for連用。如： He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花兩小時(shí)做作業(yè)。 The car cost him a lot of mone

4、y.這輛車花了他好多錢。 It took me half an hour to clean the room. 我花了半小時(shí)打掃房間。 I paid 40 yuan for the book.這本書我花了40塊錢。 ②borrow，lend與keep 三者都可表示“借”，但是borrow指“借入，借進(jìn)（從他人那里借某東西為自己所用）”，常用短語： borrow sth. from sb. /sp.；lend指“借出去（借給他人）”，常用短語：lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.（通常跟雙賓語）。區(qū)別時(shí)關(guān)鍵看主語，是主語借給別人

5、就是lend，主語向別人借就是borrow; keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連周，表示“借多長時(shí)間”。如： My sister often borrows books from the library.我妹妹常從圖書館借書。 I lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行車借給杰姆了。 How long can I keep the book?這本書我能借多久？ ③ speak, say, talk與 tell speak 意為“講話”，著重指在會(huì)議上的演講，或指講某種語言等。 say 意為“說”，著重說的內(nèi)容

6、，用作及物動(dòng)詞。 talk 意為“談話”，著重雙方交談。talk to/with sb about sth表示“和某人談?wù)撃呈隆薄? tell 意為“告訴”，一般接雙賓語。tell a story，“講故事”；tell a lie，“撒謊”。 如：He can speak Chinese.他能說中文。 Please say it in English.請用英語說。 They are talking about it. 他們在談?wù)撨@事。 He can tell you something about his family.他會(huì)告訴你有關(guān)他家的事。

7、 ④forget與leave forget意為‘‘忘記（記憶中的東西）”。表示“遺忘”時(shí)，不能同表示地點(diǎn)的詞語連用；leave意為“落下，遺落”，指把某物遺忘在某個(gè)地方，后接表示地點(diǎn)的詞語。 Ive forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。 He left his English book at home.他把英語書忘家里了。 例題l--- How long have you _________ the iPad? --- Only two days. I will return it to Jack this after

8、noon. A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. kept 【解析】D bought和borrowed都是短暫性動(dòng)作，had作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞意為“買”，kept作延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞意為“借，保留”。根據(jù)問句意思“平板電腦你借多久了？”選擇延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞“kept”，故選C項(xiàng)。 例題2 Many people can not afford one house in life because it ______________ too much. A. spends B. costs C. pays

9、 D. takes 【解析】B句意：許多人一輩子買不起房因?yàn)榉孔犹F了。it指“房子”，物作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用cost表示花費(fèi)。故選B項(xiàng)。 二、連系動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。 常見的系動(dòng)詞分類如下： 分類 例詞 例句 be動(dòng)詞 am, is, are, was, were She is a girl with short hair. 她是個(gè)留短發(fā)的女孩。 感官類系動(dòng)詞 look, sound, smell, feel, taste His plan so

10、unds wonderful. 他的計(jì)劃聽起來很棒。 變化類系動(dòng)詞 become, get, grow, go, turn Her face turned red. 她的臉變紅了。 狀態(tài)類系動(dòng)詞 keep, stay, remain The shop stays open till 9 pm. 這家店開到晚上9點(diǎn)。 注意： 1. 系動(dòng)詞十形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 2. 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如： 這條裙子摸起來很舒服。（漢譯英） The dress feels comfortable（正確） The

11、 dress is felt comfortable（錯(cuò)誤） 例題 ---Three-D printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. ---- It _____________amazing. Its my first time to get to know the news. A. looks B. smells C sounds D. tastes 【解析】C考查感官類系動(dòng)詞辨析。look?？雌饋怼?；smell“聞起來”；so

12、und“聽起來”；taste“嘗起來”。由后句“這是我第一次了解這個(gè)消息”可知“消息”是聽起來驚人。故選C項(xiàng)。 三、助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞本身沒有意義，它只是幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問、否定、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等。有些單詞并不是固定的助動(dòng)詞，如動(dòng)詞be、have、do等在句子中與主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句、疑問句時(shí)，才擔(dān)當(dāng)起助動(dòng)詞的作用。常見的助動(dòng)詞還有will, shall, would, should等。 分類 作用 be am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞→過去進(jìn)行時(shí) be+過去分詞→被動(dòng)語態(tài) do 形式有do，does，did，用于

13、構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，或用在動(dòng)詞原形前加強(qiáng)語氣。 have have/has+過去分詞→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) had+過去分詞→過去完成時(shí) will/shall/ would/should will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形→一般將來時(shí) would/should+動(dòng)詞原形→過去將來時(shí) 例題 ---_______ the exchange students ________ visit the Great Wall the day after tomorrow? --- Yes, they are, I think. A. Will; / B. Shall;

14、／ C. Is; going to D. Are; going to 【解析】 D 根據(jù)問句中“the day after tomorrow”后答句中“they are”得知選用將來時(shí)態(tài)的“be going to”結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)。故選D項(xiàng)。 四、動(dòng)詞短語 以動(dòng)詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語稱為動(dòng)詞短語。 動(dòng)詞短語的類別和用法 類別 用法 常見的動(dòng)詞短語 動(dòng)詞十介詞 這類短語動(dòng)詞后跟賓語時(shí)，賓語都須置于介詞之后。 look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on,

15、hear from, think of, depend on, belong to 動(dòng)詞十副詞 及物性質(zhì)的短語動(dòng)詞后跟名詞（詞組）作賓語時(shí)，賓語置于副詞前后均可；后跟代詞作賓語時(shí)，賓語要置于副詞之前。 cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out, give out, give away, think over, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back 動(dòng)詞十副詞+介詞 這類短語動(dòng)詞后跟賓語時(shí)，賓語應(yīng)置于介詞之后。 catch up with, look forwar

16、d to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with 動(dòng)詞十名詞十介詞 它們相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面要接賓語。 make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take part in be十形容詞十介詞 be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about 動(dòng)詞十反身代詞（+介詞） 這類短語相當(dāng)于及物

17、動(dòng)詞，其后可按賓語 devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself 例題 1 Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can any problem you face. A work out B. hand out C. find out D. put out 【解析】A本題考查的是含有out的動(dòng)介短語辨析。work out解決，算出，hand out分發(fā)，find out找出，put ou

18、t撲滅，根據(jù)句意“生命就像一場有麻煩的旅行，只有用關(guān)心和智慧你才能夠解決你所面對的任何問題?！北绢}應(yīng)該選A。 例題2 ---When did the first plane to Hong Kong leave? --- Wait a minute. Im just ________________. A. turning up B. picking up C. catching up D. looking up 【解析】 D本題考查含有up的動(dòng)詞短語辨析。turn up“調(diào)高（音量）”；pick up“撿起，拾起”；catc

19、h up“趕上”；look up“抬頭看，查找”。根據(jù)句意“去香港的第一航班什么時(shí)候走的？稍等，我查一下。”本題選D項(xiàng)。 真題測試 測試時(shí)間：30分鐘 滿分：80分 1. Steven, go to bed now. You should _______ before six tomorrow, or you will miss the plane. A. get off B. get up C. get on D. get along 2. The governments should __________ the use of

20、 new types of energy to make a greener world. A. push in B. push for C. put out D. put up 3. --- The school network will be shut down for safety reasons. --- That doesnt ________ me at all. Im not a net-worm, anyway. A. satisfy B. surprise C. worry D. incl

21、ude 4. TFBOYS songs ___________ sweet and many of us like listening to them. A. sound B. feel C. taste D. look 5. The librarian told me that I could_________ these magazines for three days. A. borrow B. buy C. keep D. return 6. Helen encouraged me to spea

22、k English as much as possible because practice _____ perfect. A. becomes B. became C. will make D. makes 7. UNICEF was ________ in Europe in 1946, after World War II. A. put up B. turned up C. set up D. given up 8. --- Has Jane done the washing yet? --- You

23、cannot __________ her to do such a thing. A. want B. hope C. expect D. wish 9. --- Do you know our new manager? --- Yes. He ________ to be a friend of my brother. A. turns up B. turns on C. turns out D. turns off 10. ---Oh, my God! I ____________my notebook in my bedroom. --- I

24、t doesnt matter. Ill lend you mine. A. forget B. forgot C. leave D. left 11. In the song I Bet My Life , the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to ___________ catching their dreams. A give up B. give out C. give in D. give off 12. Its i

25、mportant for us to protect nature because we ________ its rich resources to live. A. depend on B. leave for C. give up D. lead to 13. --- Whats wrong with Simon? He isnt at school today. --- His legs hurt. He was__________ by a motorcycle this morning. A. treated B.

26、hit C. operated D. cured 14. When you ______ yourself with others, you miss the wonder of who you are. A compare B. communicate C. contact D. connect 15. ---Where is your father, Helen? --- He is trying to ____________ a new shower in the bathroom. A. put out B. pu

27、t in C. put through D. put down 16. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never _________. A. come out B. put out C. carry out D. run out 17. ---How long can I _________ this novel Gullivers Travels ? --- Only two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C.

28、 return D. keep 18. The young firemen were so brave that they __________ the fire and saved the children in that house. A. put in B. put on C. put out D. put up 19. ---Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school. --- Wonderful! I cant wait to___________ it.

29、A. repeat B. forget C. receive D. join 20. Lao Shes Teahouse ________ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years. A. describes B. improves C. prepares D. corrects 21. Bob is taking the desks away because they ___________ too much room. A. stand up B. pick

30、up C. take up D. listen up 22. They walked home last night because they couldnt ___________ to take a taxi. A. leave B. buy C. afford D. allow 23. Jane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of problems to ____________. A. deal with B. keep up with C. agr

31、ee with D. come up with 24. Soccer is a wonderful game for children. It ____ great exercise, such as running and kicking. A. provides B. remains C. practises D. receives 25. --Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and ________ my bowls and dishes. --- He should be careful next

32、 time. A. knocked off B. took off C. showed off D. turned off 26. We all know that learning a foreign language _________ time and effort. A requires B. reduces C. removes D. repeats 27. China is going to ___________a manned space station around 2020 to explore more space A se

33、t up B. put up C. wake up D. turn up 28. A Bite of China 2 includes eight episodes. It ________ the stories of more than 150 people, and over 300 types of food. A. finds B. proves C. covers D. imagines 29. --- What do you think of your school, Linda? ---

34、Its a good place for us to ___________ ourselves for the future. A. promise B. prove C. prepare D. present 30. --- Do you know the latest information about Flight MH370? --- Ive no idea. Lets _________ the TV to watch the news programme. A. turn on B. turn down C. tur

35、n up D. turn off 31. Its not the right time to argue about who should be blamed. Wed better _________ and find a way out as soon as possible. A stay up B. give up C. calm down D. look down 32. Dont _______ too late tonight, or you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow. A. get

36、 up B. put up C. stay up D. wake up 33. --- Your trainers ____________colourful. --- Yes. And they are popular among young people. A. feel B. smell C. taste D. look 34. You should ________ smoking. Its really bad for your health. A. look up B. give up C. ge

37、t up D. set up 35. The 18tri Jiangsu Provincial Games will _______ in September. Many students want to be volunteers. A. take place B. take part C. take action D. take care 36. --- What smells terrible, Ted ? --- Im sorry. Ill __________ my shoes and wash them at once.

38、 A. take away B. put away C. throw away D. keep away 37. I think our government should pass a law to ________ food waste. A. save B. increase C. protect D. reduce 38. We all know how wonderful you are . There is no need to ________. A. show off B. give up C.

39、take care D. carry on 39. The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to ______ energy. A .was used to; producing B. used to; producing C. was used to; produce D. used to; produce 40. --- The classroom is so bright now. You should _______ the lights. --- O

40、K, I will. A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off 模擬測試 測試時(shí)間：30分鐘 滿分：60分 1. ---It is reported that some natural resources will _______ because they are used carelessly. --- What a pity! Lets act to protect them right away. A. break out B. run out C. put out

41、 D. hand out 2. --- Look! Hes running so fast! --- Hard to ________ his legs were once broken. A. know B. imagine C. think D. understand 3. We all know some of the polices duties are to keep order and ________ the law. A. take out B. find out C. come o

42、ut D. carry out 4. ---Why are you often dressed in white? --- Because I think white can help me _______ when I feel stressed. A. fall down B. calm down C. look down D. come down 5. ---Would you please ________ the TV a little? Jack is doing his homework. --- Terribly s

43、orry, I will. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off 6. --- How was your May Day holiday? --- Just so so, we drove to Hangzhou and tried to find a place for parking, but they were all_____ A. given up B. taken up C. stayed up D. put up ~ Mr Johnson, 7.

44、--- Mr. Johnson, would you have some more ice cream? -- No, thanks. Its very good, but I have to __________ my weight, you know. A. remain B. watch C. notice D. care 8. --- How much ___________the shoes? --- Five dollars_____________ enough. A is; is B. are; is C. are

45、; are D. is; are 9. The computer system ____ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 10. --- How much is the 3 - D TV set ___________ ? --- Ive no idea, you can check it online. A. spent

46、 B. taken C. worth D. cost 11. Its not the right time to argue about whose fault it is. Wed better _______and find a way out as soon as possible. A. break down B. give up C. calm down D. look down 12. Dont waste food! _________ all the vegetables on the plate. A.

47、Wash up B. Eat up C. Put up D. Clean up 13. --- Can I speak to Mrs Green? --- Sorry, wrong number. Please _____________to 114 and check the number. A. put out B. put off C. put through D. put away 14.--- What are you going to do for the School Day? --- We

48、11_____________ a new play. A. put out B. put off C. put into D. put on 15. Wearing white can help people __________ when they feel stressed A. fall down B. calm down C. look down D. come down 16. China Dream is a great way to gather people together and _________the

49、fast development of our country. A. try out for B. fit for C. push for D. cheer for 17. --- How were your May Day holiday? --- Everything was wonderful except that our car ____________. A. slowed down B. put down C. came down D. broke down 18. How lucky Peter was! Some pol

50、icemen arrived in time and ________ him out. A. tried to help B. managed to help C. tried helping D. succeeded to help 19. Water from this polluted well _________ serious illness. A. causes to B. suffers from C. leads to D. lies in 20. Wed better ________ subjects like age, weight

51、 or money while talking in Western countries. A. agree . B. avoid C. afford D. allow 21. Mike _________live in London, but now he works in China. A. is used to B. used to C. was used to D. gets used to 22. ---Excuse me, sir. Would you please __________the total cost

52、 of the dinner? --- All right, I will make it at once. A. take out B. give out C. work out D. put out 23. Mum is the busiest in my family. She __________ early every day. A. is used to get up B. is used to getting up C. is used for getting up D. used to get up 24. --- Look! Th

53、ere is some fish left. Its a waste of food. --- We should____________ . A. put it out B. sell it out C. drink it up D. eat it up 25. ---Whats wrong with you, Eric? You look tired. --- I ____________ to prepare for the final exam last night. A. picked up B. woke up C. s

54、tayed up D. put up 26. The rubbish near the river____________. Please clean it up as soon as possible. A. smells bad B. is smelt bad C. smells badly D. is smelt badly 27. --- Jack, could you help me _________ these pictures on the blackboard? It may help us know more about the h

55、azy weather. (霧霾) --- With pleasure. A. put in B. put up C. put on D. put down 28. Recycling is one way to protect the environment, so dont ________ bottles or newspapers. A find out B. hand in C use up D. throw away 29. Finally, the two volunteers ________

56、 a plan to help the injured tiger. A. looked out B. worked out C. got out D. took out 30. --- Many students dont know how to _________ stress and become worried. --- I think theyd better talk to their teachers or parents. A. argue with B. deal with C. come up with D. quarrel with 答案： 真題測試 1-5. BBCAC 6-10. DCCCD 11-15. AABAB 16- 20. DDCDA 21-25. CCAAA 26-30. AACCA 31-35. CCDBA 36-40. ADADD 模擬測試 1-5. BBDBB 6-10. BBBAA 11-15. ABCDB 16-20. CDBCB 21-25. 13CBDC 26-30. ABDBB