2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 17 Disabilities知識精講 人教版第二冊.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 17 Disabilities知識精講 人教版第二冊 【本講教育信息】 一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： Unit 17 Disabilities （一）重點(diǎn)單詞 （二）重點(diǎn)短語 （三）重點(diǎn)句型 二. 本周知識精講： （一）重點(diǎn)單詞 1. assist vt.幫助；援助 (assisted, assisting, assists) 短語assist (sb.)with sth. assist (sb.) in doing sth 幫助某人做某事 assist (sb) to do sth. 1）Two students assisted the professor with the experiment. 兩個學(xué)生幫助教授做這個實驗。 2）She asked us to assist her in carrying out the plan. 她請我們幫她實施那項計劃。 3）The new mayor assisted us to establish a new pany. 新市長幫我們成立了一家新公司。 assistance n.幫助；協(xié)助(be of assistance=help) assistant n.助手；助理 1）I can’t move the heavy box without your assistance. 沒有你的幫助，我搬不動這只重箱子。 2）Mary was accepted as the assistant of the professor. 瑪麗作為這位教授的助手被接受。 2. adjust vt.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；使適應(yīng)；使適合 1）Will you adjust this digital camera? It doesn’t work well. 這個數(shù)碼相機(jī)不好用，請你調(diào)一下好嗎？ 2）You can adjust this desk to the height of any child. 這桌子可以調(diào)整，以適應(yīng)任何孩子的身高。 3）Moving out of the well-lit office, my eyes haven’t adjusted to the dark. 剛從燈火通明的辦公室出來，我的眼睛還不適應(yīng)黑暗。 4）It needs some time for those new students to adjust (themselves)to the life of the school. 需要一段時間讓新同學(xué)適應(yīng)學(xué)校生活。 歸納：adjust vt.“調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)”，后面直接跟名詞，代詞作賓語。vi. “調(diào)整;適應(yīng)”常與介詞to連用。構(gòu)成短語adjust (oneself)to 3. participate vi.參與；參加；分享 多與介詞in連用 1）Eighty-seven developing countries are expected to participate. 預(yù)計有87個發(fā)展中國家參加。 2）The women model workers actively participate in local politics. 這些女勞模積極參與當(dāng)?shù)卣巍? 3）I am willing to participate in your suffering. 我愿意分擔(dān)你的痛苦。 participation n.參加 participant n.參加者 1）Now they can seek bigger participation in mainland. 現(xiàn)在他們可以在大陸尋求更大的參與機(jī)會。 2）Though he has retired, he is an active participant in social work. 盡管他已退休，他仍積極參與社會工作。 4. accessible adj.可以使用的；可以得到的；能進(jìn)入的；易受影響的；可以理解的 短語be accessible to sb.某人容易得到…… A telephone is put where it will be accessible. 電話要放在容易拿到的地方。 These documents are not accessible to the public. 這些文件是大眾無法得到的。 A manager should be accessible to his/her staff. 經(jīng)理應(yīng)該讓職員感到平易近人。 5. gifted adj.有天賦的；有天資的；有才華的 短語：have a gift for…（be gifted in/ at）有……的才能 They are gifted children. 他們是聰慧的兒童。 The children are gifted at singing. 孩子們有唱歌的天賦。 Many thanks for the gift you sent me on my birthday. 多謝你們在我過生日時送給我的禮物。 The blind man has a gift for recognizing sound. 盲人有識別聲音的才能。 6. ability n.能力；才能 （1）Un.表示“……能力，行事能力” I doubt his ability to do the job. 我認(rèn)為他沒有做這項工作的能力。 （2）表示“有能力做某事或具備做某事的能力” 常用“ability to do sth.”一般不用“ability of doing sth.” She has the ability to speak English fluently. 她能夠流利地說英文。 （3）其復(fù)數(shù)abilities表示“才能；本領(lǐng)；能力” He is a man of many abilities. 他是位多才多藝的人。 （4）短語：have ability in doing“有……的才干” She has great ability in teaching English. 她有教英文的才干。 （5）ability的反義詞是inability，“沒有能力或沒有才能” disability“指因先天缺陷或受傷變殘而導(dǎo)致的無能” His inability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage. 他不會說法語，這使他很吃虧。 Physical disability causes mental anguish. 生理傷殘會引起心理苦悶。 Exercises : 1. The chief scientist asked us to___ them in carrying through the plan. A. provide B. encourage C. assist D. persuade 2. —Can I be of___? —That’s what I need. A. assist B. assistance C. assistant D. assisting 3. You can’t see through the telescope until it___ your eyes. A. adjusted to B. adjusts to C. is adjusted D. is adjusted to 4. Adjusting oneself___ the fire in the army is what you do at the moment. A. for B. at C. by D. to 5. More than ten countries___ the Iraq war, which has caused great suffering to the local people. A. attended B. joined C. participated in D. made 6. Young people are longing to have opportunities of___ the social activities. A. participation B. participating in C. participants D. participating by 7. Some of the houses on the hillside are___ to cars. A. inaccessible B. impossible C. inconvenient D. inadequate 8. In the classroom he doesn’t find a man to ask for help. He has lost all faith in his ability___. A. to succeed B. of success C. to success D. of succeeding 答案：1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A （二）重點(diǎn)短語 1. She uses a wheelchair to get around and it often takes her a little longer to do everyday things. 她用輪椅到處走動，在處理日常事情時，她所花的時間會比其他人稍微多一些。 get around vi.（1）到處走動；（消息）傳播出去；避開； 1) He can get around/about again after the leg operation. 腿部手術(shù)后，他又可以走動了。 2)There is a rumour getting around that the boss has fallen in love with his secretary. 有謠傳說老板愛上了他的秘書。 （2）逃避；繞過某困難；討好；籠絡(luò)某人 vt. 1)It’s wrong of them to get around the tax. 他們逃稅是錯誤的。 2)We can get around the problem by building a space station. 我們可以通過建立太空站來解決問題。 3)He is always trying to get around his heads. 他總是設(shè)法討好他的上司們。 (3)get的其他短語 get along進(jìn)展；相處 get away離開；離去 get back回來；收回 get by走過；避開 get down to靜下心來；處理；開始認(rèn)真做某事 get in插話；收獲 get off下來；出發(fā)；動身；脫下 get on乘車；進(jìn)步；相處 get on with sth繼續(xù)某事 get out公布；出版 get over越過；克服 get through with完成……；通過…… 2. Maybe it is time for the rest of the society to accept me as I am and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do. 也許是時候讓社會上的其他人接受像我這樣的人了。他們將會習(xí)慣這個事實：雖然我不會走路，但我可以做許多其他的大事。 (1)get/be used to sth習(xí)慣于某事；適應(yīng)于某事(to為介詞，后加n.;pron& v.-ing) 1)The two foreign teachers soon got used to eating with chopsticks. 兩名外教很快就習(xí)慣用筷子吃飯了。 2)It’s difficult for me to get/be used to this high-speed way of life. 適應(yīng)這種快節(jié)奏的生活方式對于我來說很難。 （2）used to do sth.過去常常干某事（現(xiàn)在不再干） There used to be a lot of trees around the villages. 過去這些村莊的周圍有很多樹。 （3）be used to do sth.被用來做某事 Wood can be used to make furniture and build houses. 木材能用來做家具和建房屋。 （4）It’s no use doing sth.做……沒用 There is no need to regret for what has happened. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 沒有必要后悔所發(fā)生的事情，哭也于事無補(bǔ)。 課文里的其他短語： 3. win/receive an rewards for 獲……獎 4. achieve/reach one’s goal in life達(dá)到生活目標(biāo) 5. realize ones dream實現(xiàn)夢想 6. make a contribution to society為社會做貢獻(xiàn) 7. live with忍受；與……共存 8. develop one’s potential發(fā)揮某人的潛力 9. gain self-confidence獲得自信 10. have sympathy for sb.同情某人 Exercises : 1. All the snow and ice make it difficult for old people to___ very well. A. get around B. turn away C. pick up D. take off 2. I have no formal clothes for the occasion. Perhaps I can ___ in a dark suit. A. get around B. get down C. get by D. get at 3. The new secretary has lived here for more than three weeks and she___the life here. A. has got used to B. gets used to C. was used to D. is getting used to 4. He___ go to work by bus, but now he ___riding a bicycle to work. A. used to; used to B. used to; is used to C. is used to; used to D. is used to; is used to 5. I___ to be quite afraid to live in that country, but now I have___ to the life there. A. used; been used B. used; used C. was used; got used D. get used; been used （三）重點(diǎn)句型 1. …but I wish they wouldn’t treat me as if I were a child. 但是我希望他們不要把我看成小孩子。 wish that但愿……；要是……就好了 We wish it were spring all year round. 要是一年到頭都是春天就好了。 I wish the mittee would be set up tomorrow. 但愿委員會明天就成立。 I wish I had seen the Foreign Minister at the press meeting yesterday. 我要是昨天在記者招待會上見到外交部長就好了。 歸納：wish后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，表示未能實現(xiàn)或不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，即與現(xiàn)實相反的主觀設(shè)想。 與現(xiàn)在相反時從句中用一般過去時形式；與過去相反時，從句中使用“had+過去分詞”；與將來事實相反時，從句中用“would/could/might/should+動詞原形”。 拓展：與wish…相同的句型： (1)If only句型中也用虛擬語氣表示“要是……多好”。與現(xiàn)在事實相反時，動詞用過去時形式；與過去事實相反時，動詞用“had+過去分詞”；表示與將來事實相反時，動詞用“would/could/might/should+動詞原形” If only I had more time to think about this problem. 我要是能有更多的時間考慮這個問題就好了。 If only I hadn’t lost my wallet. 我要是沒有丟失錢包該多好呀。 If only we could graduate from university this year. 如果我們今年畢業(yè)就好了。 (2)as if…(as though…) “似乎……；好像……”此句型可引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，從句中可用陳述語氣表示可能符合事實的情況，也可用虛擬語氣，表示與事實不符或與事實相反的情況。 a. 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實不符，用一般過去時。 The teacher treats the pupils as if they were her own child. 這位老師對待這些學(xué)生就像她自己的親生孩子一樣。 b. 表示與過去事實不相符，用過去完成時。 Mary spoke in such a way as if she had grown up. 瑪麗說話的方式好像她已經(jīng)長大了。 c. 表示與將來的事實不符，用would/might/could /should+動詞原形 It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨） 比較： He looks as if he were young. 看樣子他好像很年輕。（實際上他不年輕） He looks as if he is young. 看樣子他好像很年輕。（用陳述語氣表示他就是年輕） 注意：①as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句可用省略形式，后面接名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語，也可跟分詞或不定式。 1）The wounded soldier opened his mouth as if to speak. 那個受傷的戰(zhàn)士張開嘴巴好像要說話。 2）His eldest son acted as if a fool. 他的大兒子表現(xiàn)得像個傻子。 3）The old woman set upon the thief as if mad. 那個老婦人發(fā)瘋似地?fù)湎蛐⊥怠? 4）She talked to the stranger while walking, as if absent-mindedly. 她邊走邊應(yīng)付著那個陌生人，好像心不在焉。 5）He opened the archive, as if in search of some militant information. 他打開檔案，好像要搜索什么重要軍事情報。 6）The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something lost on the sports ground. 這個男孩子急躁地跑來跑去，好像在找丟在操場上的什么東西。 7）The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg. 那個足球運(yùn)動員在地上滾來滾去，好像是腿部受了重傷。 ②as if 也可引導(dǎo)表語從句，用在look, seem, smell, taste, sound等聯(lián)系動詞后，可用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣；如從句表示的情況不是事實，通常用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if we are going to miss the train. 好像我們趕不上火車了。 You look as if you were at least ten years younger. 你看上去好像至少年輕了十歲。 Exercises: 1. We wish you ___with us, but we know how busy you are. A. would have e B. could e C. could be ing D. had e 2. How I wish I___ you about the good news earlier. A. could tell B. had told C. will tell D. have told 3. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I___ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 4. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it___. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 5. He was working hard as if he___ last week. A. wasn’t ill B. wouldn’t be ill C. hadn’t been ill D. isn’t ill 6. The two girls talked as if they ___friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 翻譯： 7. 但愿我再年輕一次就好了。 __________________________________________. 8. 我希望能飛到月球上度假。 __________________________________________. 9. He walked____________(好像是喝醉了). 10. The young man with long hair________________________(看上去像個女的). 11. He looked_____________________(好像已經(jīng)知道一些情況). 答案：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. I wish I were young again. 8. I wish I could fly to the moon for holiday. 9. as if he had been drunk. 10. looks as if he were a girl. 11. as if he had known something about it. 2. They need recognition, more than sympathy and help. A. “more than＋名詞”表示“不僅僅是”、“不只是……” 1)Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 現(xiàn)代科學(xué)不僅僅是指大量的信息。 2) Jack is more than a lecturer, he is a writer, too. 杰克不僅是講師，他還是一名作家。 B. “more than＋數(shù)詞，表示“超過”，相當(dāng)于over 3)I have known David for more than 20 years. 我認(rèn)識大衛(wèi)二十多年了。 4) The old man standing over there is over /more than 60. 站在那里的那位老人六十多歲了。 C. “more than＋形容詞”相當(dāng)于“很”或“非?！钡囊馑? 5)In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 在做科學(xué)實驗時，必須十分小心實驗器具。 6)I assure you I am more than glad to help you. 我會讓你相信，我很樂意幫你。 D. 在“more...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，相當(dāng)于“是……而不是……” “與其說……不如說……” 7) This book seems to be more a manual than a text. 這本書似乎是一本手冊，而非課本。 8)Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened. 聽到那聲巨響，那個男孩很吃驚而不是害怕。 3. While I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do. 連詞while大致有以下五種用法： （1）引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,意為"當(dāng)……的時候；和……同時",此時的主從句謂語動作同時發(fā)生,從句謂語通常是延續(xù)性動詞。如: 1）Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。 2）While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她聽著收音機(jī)睡著了。 注意：while引導(dǎo)從句時,如主從句的主語一致,且從句謂語又含有be,則從句主語和be可省略。while后可直接跟現(xiàn)在分詞、名詞、形容詞或介詞短語。如: 1）We are teachers while (we are) serving as students. 我們邊當(dāng)老師邊當(dāng)學(xué)生。 2）While (he was) yet a youth, he gained many prizes. 他年輕時就曾多次獲獎。 3）He caught a cold while(he was) on vacation. 他度假時患了感冒。 （2）表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折,意為"而;然而"。此時,while一般位于句中。 1）Some people waste food while others havent enough. 有些人浪費(fèi)糧食,然而有些人卻吃不飽。 2）You like sports, while I prefer music. 你喜歡體育,而我更喜歡音樂。 （3）表示讓步,通常位于句首,意為"盡管;雖然"。如: 1）While I agree with your reasons, I cant allow it. 盡管我同意你的理由，但我不能允許你這樣做。 2）While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 雖然他愛他的學(xué)生們，可是他對學(xué)生們很嚴(yán)格。 3）While (he was) respected, he is not liked. 他雖受人尊敬,但并不被人喜歡。 （4）.表示條件,意為"只要",其意思和用法相當(dāng)于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。 1）You dont have to worry while we are here. 只要我們在，你就不用擔(dān)心。 2）There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有空氣和水,就有生命。 3）While there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。 （5）.意為"趁著"。如: 1）Make hay while the sun shines.曬草要趁陽光好。莫失良機(jī)。(諺) 2）Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打鐵。(諺) 3）While the roses are yet in bloom, will you e with me to see them? 趁玫瑰花還開著,你和我一道去看看好嗎 ？ 4. Its very important for us to know that someone far away is also struggling as we are. 5. Ive learnt to live with my body as it is and adjusted my way of life. 【典型例題】 1. ___I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved. A. When B. While C. As D. Since 2. ___you know your potential, you have to rely on many other people to get where you are. A. While B. Since C. If D. Where 3. Tourism,___ it brings in money to a pany, can also result in damage to the World Heritage sites there. A. because B. as C. while D. since 4. Its hard___ him___ change his mind. A. of you to make; to B. for you to make;/ C. for you to make; to D. of you making;/ 一、本單元重點(diǎn)單詞和短語。 1. friendly adj.友好的 2. advantage n.有利條件；優(yōu)點(diǎn)；優(yōu)勢；好處；利益 3. decide vt.決定；解決；判決；使下決心vi.決定；判定 4. born adj.出生于……；天生的 5. throughout prep.遍及；貫穿adv.到處，始終 6. create vt.創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作；引起；產(chǎn)生；造成 7. realise vt.認(rèn)識到；領(lǐng)會；了解；實現(xiàn)（愿望或目的）；變賣（財產(chǎn)） 8. highly adv.高度地 9. reject vt.拋開；丟棄；拒絕；抵制 10. apply v.應(yīng)用；使用；適用；申請 11. remain vi.剩下；剩余；留下；逗留；保持；仍是 12. attempt vt.& n.嘗試；企圖；試圖 13. deepen vi.加深vt.使變深；加重 14. exchange vt.交換；以……換……；調(diào)換；兌換n.交換；兌換 15. similar adj.類似的；相似的 16. otherwise adv.否則；要不然 17. respectful adj.尊敬人的 18. think about 思考；考慮；想起 19. allow for 考慮到；把……計算在內(nèi) 20. be aware of 意識到…… 21. after all 畢竟；到底 22. now that 既然；由于 23. instead of而不是；代替 24. in society在社會上 二、句型聚焦 觀察下列句子，試著歸納加粗部分所包含的句型結(jié)構(gòu) 1. ...and make it easier to discover new possibilities. __________________________________________. 2. By thinking about the way we think and practising good thinking strategies, we can bee more creative. ________________________________________________. 3. To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem. ______________________________________________________. 4. As with thinking outside the box, the process includes a series of different attempts and several false starts. _______________________________________. 5. A drawing or a model will help you see things that may otherwise remain hidden. ___________________________________________________________________. 【模擬試題】（答題時間：40分鐘） 一、完形填空 Making friends is a skill. Like most skills, it improves with ____1____. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be able to take ____2____. You must first go ____3____ there are people. You won’t make friends staying home alone. ____4 a club or a group, for talking with those who ____5____ the same interests as you do is easier. ____6____ join someone in some activity. Many people are ____7____ when talking to people. ____8____, meeting strangers means facing the unknown. And it’s human ____9____ to feel a bit unfortable about the unknown. Most of our fears about dealing with new people e from ____10____ about ourselves. We ____11____ other people are judging us, finding us too small or too short, too this or too that. ____12____ don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself ____13____ you are, and try to put the other persons at ease. You’ll feel more ____14____. Try to act self-confidence even if you don’t feel that way when you enter a room full of ____15____ such as a new classroom. Walk tall and straight, look ____16____ at other people and smile. If you see someone you’d like to speak to ____17____ something to him. Don’t wait for the other persons to start a conversation. Just meeting someone ____18____ doesn’t mean that you will make friends with that person—friendship is ____19____ on mutual liking and “give and take”. They take time and ____20____ to develop. And there are things that keep a new friendship from growing. 1. A. age B. practice C. skill D. everything 2. A. photos B. action C. place D. troubles 3. A. where B. that C. which D. when 4. A. From B. Buy C. Use D. Join 5. A. have B. share C. keep D. like 6. A. So B. Or C. However D. But 7. A. afraid B. fearful C. nervous D. familiar 8. A. Above all B. In all C. To all D. After all 9. A. nature B. need C. habit D. custom 10. A. facts B. doubts C. wonders D. beliefs 11. A. suggest B. consider C. doubt D. imagine 12. A. And B. Therefore C. But D. So 13. A. what B. who C. that D. as 14. A. dangerous B. useful C. familiar D. fortable 15. A. strangers B. people C. classmates D. students 16. A. anxiously B. friendly C. curiously D. directly 17. A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell 18. A. strange B. new C. familiar D. tiresome 19. A. depend B. laid C. taken D. based 20. A. money B. energy C. effort D. trouble 二、閱讀理解 A If women are mercilessly exploited（剝削）year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you e to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe（衣柜）packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste, Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, fort and durability（耐用）. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of disfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When paring men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide. 1. Designers and big stores always make money ____________. A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions C. by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing D. because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing 2. To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as __________. A. a waste of money B. a waste of time C. an expression of taste D. an expression of creativity 3. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ____________ of clothing. A. cost B. appearance C. fort D. suitability 4. According to the pa