高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 語(yǔ)法突破 專(zhuān)題六 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt
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專(zhuān)題6 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,,[考情分析] 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞的變體,是為了滿足動(dòng)詞作除了謂語(yǔ)之外 的其他成分而產(chǎn)生的。從該意義上來(lái)說(shuō),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞 的升級(jí)版本,彌補(bǔ)了動(dòng)詞的先天不足。在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改 錯(cuò)題中,這是必考考點(diǎn)之一,非常重要。根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類(lèi) 別及功能,在單項(xiàng)填空題中以考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ) 為主,作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)也是考查重點(diǎn)之一。 2016年高考在單項(xiàng)填空題中會(huì)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考 查,而且分詞作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)仍是考查的重點(diǎn),對(duì)于不定式, 考查熱度仍然不減,尤其是不定式作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的用法。,,考點(diǎn)一 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),1.(2015·高考北京卷,T21)________ the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A.Catching B.Caught C.To catch D.Catch 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:為了趕上早班飛機(jī),我們提前訂了出租車(chē),而且起床很早。此處表目的,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式,所以答案為C。,C,2.(2015·高考天津卷,T5)________ in painting,John didn’t notice evening approaching. A.To absorb B.To be absorbed C.Absorbed D.Absorbing 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:由于專(zhuān)心繪畫(huà),約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。be absorbed in專(zhuān)心于,此處用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。故用Absorbed。,C,3.(2015·高考湖南卷,T30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,________ whether to stay or leave. A.wondering B.wonder C.to wonder D.wondered 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:那名店員看到 一 張友 善 的臉,臉上因歉意的微笑布滿了皺紋,這時(shí)她愣在了那里,琢磨著是走還是留。句子的主語(yǔ)she與wonder之間是主動(dòng)關(guān) 系,且wonder與主句謂語(yǔ)stood是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。,A,(2015·成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校3月月考)Once plastic pollution arises in most public areas,it is hard to deal with. 一旦白色污染在大多數(shù)公共區(qū)域產(chǎn)生時(shí),就很難處理了。,1.不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示結(jié)果、目的(可與so as to/in order to替 換,但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示 喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等表語(yǔ)形容詞后)。 2.分詞作狀語(yǔ):非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常要與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所表 示 的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯 上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系?,F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示自然而然的結(jié)果;不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,其前常加only。,3.部分過(guò)去分詞源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng),也 不表完成,而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐著的),hidden(躲著的),lost/absorbed/buried in (沉溺于),dressed in(穿著),tired of(厭煩的),faced with (面對(duì)著)。 (2014·高考重慶卷,單項(xiàng)填空,改編)Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit. 將在課后組織一些小組活動(dòng)來(lái)幫助孩子們培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。 (2014·高考福建卷,單項(xiàng)填空,改編)Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.,琳達(dá),一名交換生,過(guò)去的一年是在香港度過(guò)的,因此她看 上去比同齡人更成熟。 (2014·高考天津卷,單項(xiàng)填空,改編)Clearly and thoughtfully written,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 寫(xiě)得既清楚又有思想,這本書(shū)在那些希望尋求自己的答 案的學(xué)生中激發(fā)了自信心。,有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),其形式的選擇 不受上下文的影響,稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分。??嫉挠校篻enerally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking,talking of,speaking of,judging from/by,taking everything into consideration;compared to/with;to be frank,to tell(you)the truth,to be honest,to make things worse 等。,易混辨析 現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示自然而然的結(jié)果;不定式表示出乎意 料的結(jié)果,其前常加only。 (2014·高考天津卷,單項(xiàng)填空,改編)Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it didn’t fit.她迫不及待地從包裹里拿出裙子,試穿了一下,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。,George returned after the war,only to be told that his wife had left him. 喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來(lái),卻被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離他而去。 More highways have been built in China,making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中國(guó)又建了更多的公路,這使得人們出行變得更加容易。,1.The waves reached as high as 61 feet and moved rapidly through the city,________ down the wall of houses. A.having torn B.tore C.tear D.tearing 解析:the waves與tear down之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān) 系, 另外,此處表示的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作帶來(lái)的自 然而然 的 結(jié)果 ,故 用tearing down。,D,2.Some people try to knock me down,only ________ me more determined to do things better. A.having made B.make C.to make D.making 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:有些人試圖把我擊倒,結(jié) 果卻使我更加堅(jiān)定地去把事情做得更好。only與不定式連用,用來(lái)表示意想不到的結(jié)果。,C,,考點(diǎn)二 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),1.(2015·高考北京卷,T23)The park was full of people, ________ themselves in the sunshine. A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:公園里擠滿了人,他們 在 陽(yáng)光下盡情歡樂(lè)。 句中people 與enjoy之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,所以答案為C。having enjoyed 為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式,表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前, 不符合題意。,C,2.(2014·高考重慶卷,T5)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_______ to our shop for quality problems. A.returning B.returned C.to return D.to be returned 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。句意:生產(chǎn)商定期來(lái)收回 那些因?yàn)橘|(zhì)量問(wèn)題而被退回到我們商店的照相機(jī)。設(shè) 空處作后置定語(yǔ),修飾cameras。return此處意為 “退回”,cameras與return之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過(guò)去分詞作后 置定語(yǔ),表 示被動(dòng)和完成的動(dòng)作。,B,1.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上 的主謂關(guān)系,表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行?,F(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式 作定語(yǔ)與所修飾名詞之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示該動(dòng) 作被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。 2.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,并表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。,3.不定式作定語(yǔ) (1)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在所修飾詞之后,表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,若該不定式 是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。 (2)被修飾的名詞是抽象名詞時(shí)用不定式作定語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的抽 象名詞:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。,(3) the first,the second,the last,the next,the only等作名詞或者它們作形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞時(shí),常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表達(dá)思想的能力和思想本身一樣重要。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我們被邀請(qǐng)參加下周五在我們俱樂(lè)部舉辦的晚會(huì)。,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)非常重要的考點(diǎn),考生在做此類(lèi) 試題時(shí)要從動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)的主謂或動(dòng) 賓關(guān)系上著手去判斷.要解答好這類(lèi)題目可按下列步驟進(jìn)行: 第一步:判斷該動(dòng)詞與被修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系。 若是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系就要用表示被動(dòng)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞v.-ing形式的被動(dòng)式、不定式的被動(dòng)式),若是主謂關(guān)系則用動(dòng)詞v.-ing形式的主動(dòng)式或動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)式。 第二步:看動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。 若表示將來(lái),用不定式;若表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞;若表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束,用過(guò)去分詞。,1.(2015·宿遷市三校質(zhì)檢)She was the first woman________ to the board. A.to be appointed B.having been appointed C.a(chǎn)ppointing D.to appoint 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:她是第一位被任命進(jìn)入董 事會(huì)的婦女。名詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),應(yīng)用不定式作定語(yǔ)。根 據(jù)題干中the first可知,應(yīng)用不定式作 定語(yǔ),woman是appoint的動(dòng)作承受者,故選A。,A,2.(2015·寧波市二模)Hosting and eventually winning the soccer World Cup,________as unachievable dreams in the past,have become serious goals for China under a national plan to make the sport a truly mass game. A.regarding B.having regarded C.being regarded D.regarded 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:以前被認(rèn)為不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想,舉辦和贏得世界杯已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)嚴(yán)肅的目標(biāo),目的是把這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)變成真正的團(tuán)體運(yùn)動(dòng)。regarded做后置定語(yǔ)用來(lái) 修飾the soccer World Cup,故選D項(xiàng)。,D,,考點(diǎn)三 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ),1.(2015·高考陜西卷,T17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career. A.to thank B.thanking C.having thanked D.to have thanked,A,解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角獎(jiǎng)之后,Anne Benedict繼續(xù)感謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的職業(yè)生涯中幫助過(guò)她的人。 go on 后接to do或doing作賓語(yǔ)均可, 但 是go on doing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”,而go on to do sth. 則表示“繼續(xù)做另一件事”。由語(yǔ)境可知,Anne Benedict在 拿獎(jiǎng)后又繼續(xù)做另一件事,即“感謝所有幫助過(guò)她的人”, 故用go on to do sth.。,2.(2013·高考江蘇卷,T31)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and________to ruins,the city took on a new look. A.reducing B.reduced C.being reduced D.having reduced 解析:句意:“在遭受大地震,淪為廢墟之后不久,這座 城市就呈現(xiàn)出了新的面貌?!眘hortly after在……之后不久,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。after在此可視為介詞,后接動(dòng)名詞作其賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)reduce the city to ruins(使城市淪為廢墟)可知,邏輯主語(yǔ)the city 與reduce構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除A、D兩項(xiàng);而and連接兩個(gè)并列成分,根據(jù)suffering from a massive earthquake and________to ruins中suffering 的形式,可確定答案為being reduced。,C,1.只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:agree,intend,plan, demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose, wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage, determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate, happen等。 2.只接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:admit,avoid,consider, escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel like, give up,put off,object to,look forward to等。,3.接不定式與接v.-ing形式有顯著區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞:(1)try to do 盡力做……;try doing 試著去 做……;(2) mean to do 打 算做……;mean doing 意味著……;(3) regret to do 遺憾 要 去做……;regret doing后悔做過(guò)……;(4) remember to do 記得去做……;remember doing記得做過(guò)……;(5) forget to do忘記做過(guò)……;forget doing 忘記做了……。 4.動(dòng)詞want,need,require作“需要”講時(shí),其后要用v.-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作賓語(yǔ)。與此用法 相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve(值得)。,5.介詞后一般要接v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ),但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ),若前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,不定式要省略to。 (2015·溫州高三八校聯(lián)考)He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.他為這次工作面試做好了充分準(zhǔn)備,因?yàn)樗荒苊笆ミ@ 次好機(jī)會(huì)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. 我們約好在此地見(jiàn)面,但是她到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有露面。 What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him. 多么差的記憶力!昨天我忘了向他借過(guò)錢(qián),但今天我又忘了把錢(qián)還給他。,1.(2015·紹興市質(zhì)檢)There is a strict limit of 13 days in the challenging race through the Arctic,although most competitors end up________long before that. A.to retire B.retired C.having retired D.retiring 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:穿越北冰洋的13天挑戰(zhàn)賽有嚴(yán)格的限制,盡管參賽者都已很久之前就退出了。end up后跟動(dòng)詞的v.-ing形式,意為:以……為結(jié)束。故選D。,D,2.(2015·南京市三模)Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and ________to live with that loss. A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.having learned 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:接 受不是 關(guān)于 喜歡一 種 狀況。它是關(guān)于承認(rèn)所有已經(jīng)失去的和 學(xué) 會(huì)帶 著損失 生 活 下去。題干中acknowledging和learning做about的并列賓語(yǔ), 故選A。,A,,考點(diǎn)四 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ),1.(2015·高考陜西卷,T18)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ good care of at home. A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken,B,解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù),回來(lái)后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是“see+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是 do,doing或者done。 若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程,用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式,即do; 若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,用doing; 若賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。此處his mother與take good care of之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選B項(xiàng)。,2.(2013·高考陜西卷,T13)Let those in need________ that we will go all out to help them. A.to understand B.understand C.understanding D.understood 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:讓那些需要幫助的人們明 白我們會(huì)全力以赴去幫助他們。從整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,這是 一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。let sb.do sth.意思 是“讓某人做某事”。故答案為B。,B,1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),該 動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在主謂關(guān)系,并且現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)正 在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作??山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞:感官 動(dòng)詞(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役動(dòng)詞(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬頭注意到一條蛇蜿蜒著爬上樹(shù)去捕捉它的早餐。,He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry. 他讓燈亮了整晚,這使他父母很生氣。 It’s wrong to leave the computer working. 讓電腦一直開(kāi)著是不對(duì)的。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 對(duì)不起讓你久等了。 I found a number of people already working there. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人已經(jīng)在那兒工作了。,2.過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),該動(dòng) 詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系??山舆^(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng) 詞:感官動(dòng)詞(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear, listen,feel),使役動(dòng)詞(have,make,let,get),find, leave,keep等。 When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home. 當(dāng)我們看到道路被雪封住后,我們決定在家過(guò)假期。,You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. 你應(yīng)該讓我了解他的行蹤。 The old found his hometown much changed. 這位老人發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。 He left much work unfinished because he was ill. 因?yàn)樯?,他留下許多工作未做。 3.不定式作賓補(bǔ) (1)常帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)):advise,allow, ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid, force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade, prefer,request,warn,wish,call on,depend upon等。,(2)常接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)):help,使役動(dòng)詞(make,have,let),感官動(dòng)詞。如果這些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)用 于 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則to不可省略。動(dòng)詞help后的不定式符 號(hào)to 可 以 省略,也可以保留。 We hurriedly ended the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled. 我們匆忙結(jié)束了會(huì)議,留下很多問(wèn)題要解決。 4.with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) (1)with+賓語(yǔ)+doing(表示主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行) (2)with+賓語(yǔ)+done(表示被動(dòng)且完成) (3)with+賓語(yǔ)+to do(表示將來(lái)),The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步,他們的寵物狗則在后 面跟著。 John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.約翰收到一份宴請(qǐng)函而且他的 工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀請(qǐng)。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time. 因?yàn)橛泻芏嚯y題要解決,這位新任總統(tǒng)的日子不好過(guò)。,1.(2015·高考浙江卷,T18)Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it ________ live is quite another. A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在家聽(tīng)音樂(lè)是一回事,去現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽(tīng)正在被演奏的音樂(lè)完全是另一回事。題干中含有“hear+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),賓語(yǔ)it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且此處表示去現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽(tīng)正在被演奏的音樂(lè),故應(yīng)用being performed作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,D,2.(2016·杭州地區(qū)上學(xué)期七校聯(lián)考)Have you seen the boys ________Little Apple?That’s such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eyes________on it. A.dancing;fixing B.dance;fixing C.dance;fixed D.to dance;fixed 解析: 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意: 你看見(jiàn)男孩們跳《小蘋(píng)果》 了嗎?那是如此美的場(chǎng)景,我都不敢看.see sb.do sth.看見(jiàn)某 人做某事;have one’s eyes fixed on sth.某人的眼凝視在…… 上。根據(jù)句意選C。,C,,考點(diǎn)五 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),1.(2015·高考安徽卷,T27)________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Having ignored 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:忽視這兩個(gè)研究結(jié)果的不同將是你犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤之一。從will be one of the worst mistakes you make來(lái)看,will的前面部分是主語(yǔ),因此用v.-ing短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。這里表達(dá)一般情況,因此不用完成式。,B,2.(2013·高考重慶卷,T34)The engine just won’t start. Something seems________wrong with it. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone 解析:題干的意思是:“這個(gè)引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不了了,好像出毛病 了?!眘eem后接to do形式,可首先排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。由于go wrong動(dòng)作發(fā)生在seem之前,所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式(to have done)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。所以答案為B。,B,1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ) 不定式作主語(yǔ)表示某一具體的、尤其是未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 ;v. -ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的、泛指的動(dòng)作,尤其是一般行為傾向。兩者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式或v.-ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.-ing形式作主語(yǔ):It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。 Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 聆聽(tīng)別人對(duì)你剛才所讀的書(shū)的反應(yīng)會(huì)增加額外的樂(lè)趣。,It is no good learning without practice. 只學(xué)習(xí)不實(shí)踐沒(méi)有好處。 It’s not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary. 學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易,廣泛閱讀是有必要的。 2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ) v.-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征;不定 式 作表語(yǔ)時(shí),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 What she likes is watching children play. 她喜歡的事情就是看孩子們玩耍。 His ambition is to go Harvard University. 他的夢(mèng)想就是上哈佛大學(xué)。,1.(2016·寧波市高三十校聯(lián)考)________adequate water for all residents was,until only a few decades ago,a serious problem. A.Providing B.Provided C.Having provided D.Provide 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:直到幾十年前,給全體居民提供足夠的水還是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。此處是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去分詞等不可做主語(yǔ)。故選A。,A,2.(2014·高考福建卷,T30)For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________. A.connected B.connecting C.to connect D.to be connected 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:對(duì)那些與家人離得比較 遠(yuǎn)的人來(lái)說(shuō),個(gè)人電腦和電話在保持聯(lián)系方面很重要。本句中 的關(guān)鍵詞是stay(保持),它是一個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞,后接 形容 詞 作表語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)connected是形容詞,意為“有聯(lián)系的,有來(lái)往的”,符合句意。stay connected是“stay+形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞” 構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。本題中的staying connected和keeping in touch表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思。,A,,考點(diǎn)六 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),1.(2015·高考天津卷,T8)________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A.To work B.Worked C.To be working D.Having worked 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:工作了兩天,史蒂夫設(shè)法如期完成了他的報(bào)告。首先,work的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在managed to finish.之前,故用完成時(shí);Steve與work之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,故用Having worked。,D,2.(2014·高考北京卷,T28)There are still many problems ________before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A.solving B.solved C.being solved D.to be solved 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長(zhǎng)住之 前,還有很多問(wèn)題需要解決。由there are可知設(shè)空處為非謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ),修飾problems,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon可知,動(dòng)作 solve發(fā)生在將來(lái),故用不定式結(jié)構(gòu),而且problems與solve之 間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。,D,3.(2014·高考北京卷,T35)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore,he can go shopping without ________. A.recognizing B.being recognized C.having recognized D.having been recognized 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:那位影星戴著墨鏡,因此他 可以在沒(méi)人認(rèn)出的情況下購(gòu)物了。without為介詞,后面接動(dòng) 名詞形式;the film star與recognize之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式,即“being done”結(jié)構(gòu)。此題易誤選D項(xiàng), having been done為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式,不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。,B,一般時(shí),主動(dòng):to do,被動(dòng):to be done,進(jìn)行時(shí),to be doing,不定式動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后。,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。,完成時(shí),主動(dòng):to have done,被動(dòng):to have been done,不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。,一般時(shí),主動(dòng):doing,被動(dòng):being done,分詞動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 作(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生或 發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后.,完成時(shí),主動(dòng):having done,被動(dòng):having been done,表示分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。,done,表示被動(dòng)與完成,having been done與done作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)沒(méi)有明顯區(qū)別,可互換,但having been done不能作定語(yǔ)。不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,只表示完成,不表示被動(dòng)。,(2014·高考湖南卷,單項(xiàng)填空,改編)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring at the night sky.沒(méi)有什么能比躺在草地中央凝視著夜空讓人感到更高興的事兒了。 I got to the office earlier that day,having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington.那天我比平時(shí)到辦公室的時(shí)間要早,因 為我趕上了7:30從Paddington來(lái)的火車(chē)。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過(guò)了一場(chǎng)精彩 的電影。 His first book to be published in 2017 is based on a true story. 2017年即將出版的他的第一本書(shū)是基于一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事寫(xiě)的。,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四步驟 第一步:利用“有無(wú)連詞”原則確定謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),判斷出句子的主干——主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。如果題線處作謂語(yǔ),則要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如果題線處不作謂語(yǔ),則要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 第二步:根據(jù)句意和作用確定句子成分。 根據(jù)句意和題線處在句中的位置和作用,確定其所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?,從而確定空格處所需填入的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。,第三步:根據(jù)與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系確定語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系則用v.-ing形式或不定式的主動(dòng)式;若為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用v.-ing形式的被動(dòng)式、不定式的被動(dòng)式或過(guò)去分詞。 第四步:根據(jù)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系確定時(shí)態(tài)。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前用過(guò)去分詞或v.-ing形式的完成時(shí)或不定式的完成時(shí);若同時(shí)進(jìn)行用v.-ing形式或不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí);若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后用不定式的一般時(shí)。,(2015·江蘇壓軸沖刺卷)Life is always full of hardships. ________a better life,we need positive energy. A.Live B.To live C.Living D.Lived 解析:考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:生活總是充滿艱辛。為了 過(guò)更好的生活,我們需要積極的能量。不定式可做目的狀語(yǔ),故選B。,B,- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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