高考英語 詞法 第3講 形容詞和副詞課件.ppt

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第3講 形容詞和副詞,1. （2013·湖北高考）People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often ______ rather than based on fixed criteria. A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial 【解析】選C。考查形容詞辨析。句意：人們抱怨，做出的支持或反對一個許可證的決定經(jīng)常是隨意的, 而不是基于固定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。A項“恰當(dāng)?shù)?，合適的”；B項“有意識的”；C項“任意的，隨意的”；D項“有爭議的”。根據(jù)句意可知選C項。,2. （2013·湖北高考）He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ______ contribution to help the community. A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意：他沒有自私地自己留下從叔叔那里繼承的錢。相反，他非?？犊鼐栀泚韼椭鐓^(qū)。A項“商業(yè)的”；B項“慷慨的”；C項“類似的，可比較的”；D項“有益的，有利可圖的”。根據(jù)句意可知選B項。,3. （2013·浙江高考）Mary worked here as a ______ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company. A. pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意：瑪麗開始在這里工作時只是一個臨時秘書，后來卻在這家公司得到了一份全職工作。該句中的full-time job暗示出開始只是a temporary secretary。pessimistic悲觀的, 悲觀主義的；temporary暫時的, 臨時的；previous以前的；cautious小心的, 謹(jǐn)慎的。故選B。,4. （2013·福建高考）Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy ______ priced bikes. A. competitively B. recently C. reasonably D. affordably 【解析】選D。考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那些窮困潦倒的青少年在拐角找到一家商店很興奮，在那里他們能買到付得起錢的自行車。affordably付得起地；competitively競爭地；recently近來；reasonably合理地。,5. （2013·福建高考）A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful ______ if we do something to stop progress. A. either B. neither C. too D. also 【解析】選A?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意：如果一個社會丟棄了傳統(tǒng)，它不會成功，但是如果我們做事情阻止了進步它也不能成功。either也，常用于否定句句末，符合題意。neither既不；（兩者）都不；too也，常用于肯定句句末；also也，常放句中。,6. （2013·湖北高考）Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he ______ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology. A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily 【解析】選C。考查副詞辨析。句意：不要再為他辯解了。很顯然他是故意弄壞了花園的柵欄，甚至都不道歉。A項“偶然地”；B項“粗心地”；C項“故意地”；D項“笨拙地”。根據(jù)句意可知選C項。,7. （2013·江西高考）What a terrible experience! ______, you’re safe now—that’s the main thing. A. Anyway B. Besides C. Otherwise D. Therefore 【解析】選A?？疾楦痹~辨析。句意：一次多么可怕的經(jīng)歷啊！無論如何, 你現(xiàn)在安全了——那才是主要的事情。A項意為“無論如何，不管怎么說”；B項意為“除此之外，另外”；C項意為“否則，要不然”；D項意為“因此”。,8. （2013·遼寧高考）Everything seemed to be going ______ for the first two days after I moved to New York. A. vividly B. generally C. frequently D. smoothly 【解析】選D。考查副詞辨析。句意：在我搬到紐約后的開始兩天一切看起來都很順利。A項表示“生動地”；B項表示“普遍地，大體地”；C項表示“頻繁地”；D項表示“平滑地，順利地”。,9. （2013·浙江高考）If we leave right away, ______ we’ll arrive on time. A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually 【解析】選A。考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們立刻出發(fā)，我們有望按時到達。hopefully有希望地；curiously好奇地；occasionally偶爾；gradually逐漸地。故選A。,10. （2013·浙江高考）If what your friend comes up with surprises you, don’t reject it immediately. ______, imagine that it is true. A. Thus B. Besides C. Rather D. Otherwise 【解析】選C?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意：如果你朋友提出的想法令你吃驚，不要立即拒絕。而是想象著它是正確的。thus所以，表示結(jié)果；besides而且，表示遞進關(guān)系；rather相當(dāng)于instead，用在否定句后面的肯定句中；otherwise否則，不然的話，表示一種假設(shè)。故選C。,11. （2013·安徽高考）David is ______ animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house. A. curious about B. allergic to C. satisfied with D. fond of 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~短語辨析。句意：大衛(wèi)對動物皮毛過敏，因此他不會拜訪任何一個家有貓或有狗的人。be allergic to對……過敏；be curious about對……好奇；be satisfied with對……滿意；be fond of喜歡。,12. （2013·遼寧高考）This is by far ______ movie that I have ever seen. A. an inspiring B. a much inspiring C. the most inspiring D. the more inspiring 【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~的最高級。句意：這是我看過的最鼓舞人心的電影。This is+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+that sb. have/has ever done. 是常用句型, 如This is the best book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的最好的書。,13. （2013·天津高考）I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are ______ meaningful things to do. A. less B. more C. the least D. the most 【解析】選B。考查形容詞比較級和最高級。句意：我認(rèn)為每天晚上看電視是浪費時間，有更多有意義的事情要做。根據(jù)句意可知做有意義的事情與看電視是兩者之間的比較，所以選B。,14. （2013·大綱版全國卷）It may not be a great suggestion. But before ______ is put forward, we’ll make do with it. A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one 【解析】選B?？疾楸容^級。句意：這可能不是一個好建議。但是在提出更好的建議前，我們先勉強用這個吧。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指一個更好的建議，所以選B。,15. （2013·江西高考）There are a small number of people involved, possibly ______ twenty. A. as few as B. as little as C. as many as D. as much as 【解析】選A?？疾橥壉容^結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：這涉及少量的人，可能少到20個。as. . . as. . . 意為“和……一樣……”，是同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)。few和many后面都接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，但是few強調(diào)“少”，many強調(diào)“多”；little和much后面都接不可數(shù)名詞。,16. （2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ）Tony can hardly boil an egg，still ______ cook dinner. A. less B. little C. much D. more 【解析】選A?？疾楣潭ù钆?。句意：托尼幾乎連雞蛋都不會煮，更不必說做晚餐了。still less是固定搭配，表示“更少, 更不, 何況, 更不用說”。,17. （2013·安徽高考）It’s said that the power plant is now ______ large as what it was. A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice 【解析】選A?？疾楸稊?shù)表達法。句意：據(jù)說這個發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是過去的兩倍大。倍數(shù)表達法有三種：①倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級+as；②倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級+than；③倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of。故選A。,熱點考向 1 形容詞和副詞詞義辨析 1. 主要考點：形容詞和副詞詞義辨析主要針對學(xué)生的詞匯量進行測試，考查在特定語境下形容詞或副詞的準(zhǔn)確使用。 2. 突破技巧：（1）對高中經(jīng)?？疾榈母哳l形容詞和副詞進行歸納和梳理，總結(jié)對比經(jīng)?？疾榈脑~匯，從而做到心中有數(shù)。 (2)針對某些語意相近詞要體會它們的細(xì)微差別，理清每個詞的語境色彩之間的區(qū)別。,【真題變式】選詞填空。 ①(2012·湖北高考)(dramatic/regional/apparent/subtle) Can you tell the ______ difference between the words “require” and “request”? I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings. 答案：subtle,②(2011·江西高考)(special/responsible/unusual/particular)She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too ______ about her job. 答案：particular,熱點考向 2 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級用法 1. 等級用法的考查見于以下句式。 (1)as +形容詞或副詞原級+as. . . 像……一樣…… (2)as+ adj. +a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+as像……一樣…… (3)not so/as+形容詞或副詞原級+as不如……那樣…… (4)“as/so/too/how + adj. +單數(shù)名詞”句型結(jié)構(gòu) 2. 常用于修飾形容詞和副詞比較級的副詞及副詞短語，包括a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even，no等。而very, quite, fairly, too等通常只修飾形容詞和副詞原級。,3. 幾種帶有否定詞的比較句型。 (1)no better than表示“和……一樣；實際等于……”。例如： The patient is no better than he was yesterday. 病人的情況和昨天一樣。 (2)no more . . . than表示“同……一樣不”。例如： A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鯨和馬都不是魚。 (3)no less . . . than表示“和……一樣；不遜于”。例如： The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts. 寫作技巧和其他藝術(shù)技巧一樣困難。,4. 比較級表達最高級含義。 (1)“否定詞＋比較級”有最高級的含義。 ①Your story is perfect; I’ve never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了，我從來沒有聽到比這更好聽的故事。 ②It couldn’t be better/worse. 不能夠更好/壞了。 ③I can’t agree more. 我非常同意。,(2)比較級在以下幾種句式中均表示最高級含義: 比較級+than +any other＋單數(shù)名詞; 比較級+than +all the other＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞; 比較級＋than＋anyone else; 比較級＋than＋any of the other＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞; 比較級＋than＋the rest of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。,【真題變式】用正確的形容詞或副詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子。 ①(2011·江西高考）— The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. —Why? It’s _______________________(有趣得多)than the films I have ever seen. ②（2011·全國卷Ⅱ）Mr. Stevenson is great to work for —I really _____________________________(不能找到更好的 老板). ③（2011·四川高考）—How was your recent trip to Sichuan? —_______________________________________(我以前從來沒 有過更愉快的旅行).,far/much more interesting,couldn’t ask for/find a better boss,I have never had a more pleasant trip before,熱點考向 3 倍數(shù)關(guān)系句型的考查 1. A is＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B。 2. A is＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級＋as＋B。 3. A is＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size, length, height等)＋of＋B。 4. The＋名詞(size, length, height等)＋of A is＋倍數(shù)＋that＋of＋B。 5. A is＋倍數(shù)＋what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 （在實際應(yīng)用中，倍數(shù)詞可以用分?jǐn)?shù)或half，double等詞替換）,【真題變式】用正確的倍數(shù)關(guān)系句型完成句子。 ①（2011·陜西高考）The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ____________________________________ ____________________________(現(xiàn)在體育館的三倍大). ②(2012·全國卷Ⅰ)This restaurant wasn’t ___________ as（一 半好）that other restaurant we went to.,three times as big as the present one/three,times the size of the present one,half as good,熱點考向 4 形容詞和副詞作狀語的區(qū)別 形容詞或形容詞短語可以在句中作狀語，說明句子中主語或賓語的狀態(tài)；而副詞作狀語一般情況下用來修飾句子的謂語動詞或整個句子。,【真題變式】用形容詞或副詞作狀語完成句子。 ①(2010·安徽高考)________________________（無憂無慮、積極樂觀）, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. ②(2012·遼寧高考)_______________________________(我們過去經(jīng)常見面), but I haven’t heard from him since last year.,Lighthearted and optimistic,We used to see each other regularly,熱點考向 5 表示連接副詞的用法 下列用于連接句子的副詞經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在各種測試中： (1)though用作副詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“雖然，然而”； (2)therefore表示結(jié)果，意為“因此”； (3)instead表示前后句意轉(zhuǎn)折或相反，意為“相反”； (4)besides，moreover表示關(guān)系遞進，意為“另外，而且，除此之外”；,(5)however作副詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用逗號與后面的內(nèi)容分開，意為“然而，但是”； (6)otherwise用作副詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“要不然，否則”； (7)still表示“仍然，依然”； (8)yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而, 可是”; (9)thus表示“結(jié)果”; (10)anyway表示“無論如何”。,【真題變式】用適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~填空。 ①(2012·安徽高考)Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ is often thought to be the richest woman in the world. ________, her personal wealth seems rather small. ②(2012·浙江高考)Mike was usually so careful, ___ this time he made a small mistake. ③(2012·四川高考)The hotel is almost finished, but it ____ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests. ④（2011·天津高考）The young man couldn’t afford a new car. _______, he bought a used one.,However,yet,still,Instead,【命題小試】 請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容命制一道考查形容詞辨析的題目。 Living in a highly competitive society，you definitely have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________,【參考答案】 Living in a highly ______ society，you definitely have to arm yourself with modern technology and skills. A. competitive B. fierce C. attractive D. sensitive 【解析】選A。考查形容詞辨析。句意：生活在一個高度競爭的社會，你必須要用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)和技能來武裝自己。competitive 競爭的；fierce 兇猛的；attractive 吸引人的，迷人的；sensitive 敏感的。,易錯點 1 混淆possible, probable, likely用法 （母題）Studies show that people are more ______ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure 【解析】選A。likely作表語時，主語既可以是人，也可以是物或it, 而possible，probable作表語時，主語一般不能是人, 而是形式主語it。所以可排除B、C。sb. be sure to do sth. 某人一定會做某事。在語氣上太絕對，不符合句意，可排除。,(變式)Would it be ______ for me to leave a message for her? A. probable B. possible C. likely D. perhaps 【解析】選B。句意：我可以給她留言嗎？四個選項中只有possible用于該句型：it be+possible（for sb. )+to do sth. 意為“對某人來說做某事是可能的”。故選B項。,【誤區(qū)點撥】 ①likely為形容詞，常用于以下兩個句型： It is likely that. . . 有可能…… 某人/某物+be likely to do sth. 某人或某物有可能做某事 ②possible, probable適用句型： It is possible (for sb. ) to do sth. 某人有可能做某事 It is possible that. . . / It is probable that. . . 有可能…… ③possibly，probably為副詞，意為“大概，很可能”。,易錯點 2 common, usual, normal, ordinary, regular, frequent 混用 (母題)A new ______ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common 【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意：一個通向天津機場的新公交班車兩個月前開始運營。normal 正常的；usual 通常的，往常的；regular 定期的，有規(guī)律的；common 共同的，普及的，普遍的。,（變式）Whoever has ______ sense knows that smoking is harmful to people’s health. A. normal B. general C. ordinary D. common 【解析】選D。根據(jù)語境, “任何一個有常識的人”，common sense表示“常識”。,【誤區(qū)點撥】 ①regular定期的，有規(guī)律的②normal正常的，符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 ③usual通常的，慣例的 ④common共同的，普遍的 ⑤ordinary平凡的，普通的，平常的 ⑥frequent頻繁的，時常發(fā)生的,1．（2013·蘇州模擬）—How was your interview for going abroad to study? —Oh, I couldn’t feel any ______. I hardly understood most of the questions they asked. A. worse B. harder C. happier D. better 【解析】選A。考查形容詞比較級用法。句意：——你的出國學(xué)習(xí)面試怎么樣？——噢，再糟糕不過了，我?guī)缀趼牪欢麄儐柕拇蟛糠謫栴}。由對話中的I hardly understood most of the questions they asked. 可知，面試并不如意，故要用I couldn’t feel any worse，正確答案選A項。,2. Little Tommy is really hard to deal with．You can’t find a ______ boy in the class． A．noisy B．noisier C．noisiest D．so noisy 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~比較級用法。句意：小湯米真難對付。你在這個班上找不到更吵鬧的男孩子了。not或never與形容詞比較級連用，表示最高級含義，故本題正確選項為B。,3. —Do you have any idea why the engineer resigned? —No. In fact, everyone is ______ about it. A. doubtful B. curious C. enthusiastic D. annoyed 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意：——你知道那位工程師為什么辭職嗎？——不知道，實際上，每個人都對此感到好奇。doubtful 可疑的，懷疑的；curious 好奇的；enthusiastic 熱情的；annoyed 生氣的，煩悶的。根據(jù)句意，本題正確選項為B。,4. Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets and mental health and to take ______ examinations. A. relevant B. regular C. adequate D. accurate 【解析】選B。考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生經(jīng)常建議我們要多注意飲食和精神健康，也要定期進行體檢。relevant 相關(guān)的，有關(guān)的；regular 定期的，經(jīng)常的，有規(guī)律的；adequate 充足的；accurate 精確的。根據(jù)句意，B項正確。,5. （2013·南京模擬）As is often the case, the fact that something is cheap doesn’t ______ mean it’s of low quality. A. necessarily B. usually C. certainly D. mostly 【解析】選A?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意：事實上，廉價的東西不一定就意味著質(zhì)量低下，通常情況就是如此。necessarily 必定地，必然地，必要地；usually 通常地；certainly 當(dāng)然地；mostly 大部分地。,6. (2013·溫州模擬）It is so ______ of you not to play the piano while I was sleeping． A. modest B. considerate C. typical D. careless 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意：在我睡覺的時候你不彈鋼琴，你這么體貼人。modest 謙虛的，適中的；considerate 體貼的，考慮周到的；typical 典型的；careless 粗心的。 由句意可知，B項為正確選項。,7. （2013·金華模擬）I’m afraid I’m not ______ to help with the talent show, for I am fully occupied with my own project. A. reliable B. available C. convenient D. accessible 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意：恐怕我沒空為這次才藝表演提供幫助，因為我正忙于自己的課題。reliable 可靠的；available 可得到的，可利用的，空閑的；convenient 便利的，主語不能是人；accessible 可到達的，易接近的。由句意可知，正確選項為B。,8. The home rent is expensive. I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying ______ here. A. as three times as much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much 【解析】選D?？疾楸稊?shù)關(guān)系句型。句意：房租很昂貴。我只得到了在家里一半的空間，卻要付三倍的價錢。倍數(shù)關(guān)系句型分為“倍數(shù)+as+adj. +as. . . 和“倍數(shù)+比較級+than. . . ”兩種，由此可知，D項為正確選項。,9. The technology of electronic products is ______ changing, so you needn’t follow the fashion. A. rarely B. approximately C. automatically D. constantly 【解析】選D?？疾楦痹~。句意：電子產(chǎn)品科技時常更新?lián)Q代，因此你不必趕潮流。constantly時常地，不時地。,10. （2013·黃山模擬）Recently stock prices have been falling ______ because of the influence of the global financial crisis． A. sharply B. absolutely C. narrowly D. automatically 【解析】選A?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意：由于全球金融危機的影響，最近股票價格已經(jīng)急劇下降。sharply 急劇地；absolutely 絕對地；narrowly 勉強地；automatically 自動地。根據(jù)句意，本題正確選項為A。,11. More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear ______ clothes to work in the United States. A. formal B. serious C. proper D. casual 【解析】選D?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意：在美國越來越多的公司允許其辦公室職員穿便裝上班了。formal 正式的；serious 嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的；proper 恰當(dāng)?shù)?；casual 隨便的。故正確答案為D。,12. （2013·蕪湖模擬）—May I speak to Mr．Smith? —He is not ______ now．He is at a meeting． A. reliable B. convenient C. beneficial D. available 【解析】選D。考查形容詞辨析。句意：——我可以和史密斯先生通話嗎？——他現(xiàn)在沒空。他正在開會。reliable 可靠的，可信賴的；convenient 方便的，便利的，在表達此意時，其主語只能是形式主語it或事物，而不是人。beneficial 有益的；available 可得到的，空閑的，有空的，其主語為人。故本題正確答案是D項。,13. （2013·蚌埠模擬）Linda kept weighing herself how much ______ she was getting. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest 【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~比較級。句意：琳達一個勁地稱自己的體重，看重了多少。根據(jù)句意，B項正確。,14. （2013·廈門模擬）Celine Dion who performed wonderfully at the Spring Festival Gala, is ______ as she was 15 years ago. A. as attractive a star B. as an attractive star C. attractive as a star D. as attractive star 【解析】選A?？疾樾稳菰~在特定語法結(jié)構(gòu)中的位置。句意：席琳·迪翁在春節(jié)晚會上進行了精彩的表演，她依然與15年前一樣，是個有魅力的明星。在as. . . as引導(dǎo)的短語結(jié)構(gòu)中, 第一個as為副詞，要修飾形容詞或副詞，即構(gòu)成“as+adj. +a(n)+n. +as”的形式，故本題正確選項為A。,15. He bought a ______ pen on the market. A. black British plastic B. British black plastic C. British plastic black D. black plastic British 【解析】選A?？疾樾稳菰~排序。根據(jù)“縣(限)官(冠)行(形)令(齡)宴(顏)國(國家)才(材料)”可知A項正確。,