2019年高考英語一輪復習 第1部分 基礎知識解讀 Unit 1 Great scientists題型組合課時練 新人教版必修5.doc

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2019年高考英語一輪復習 第1部分 基礎知識解讀 Unit 1 Great scientists題型組合課時練 新人教版必修5 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (xx·河南省六市聯考)Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old，and could not read until he was seven？His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability. Beethoven's music teacher said about him，“As a poser (作曲家) he is hopeless.” What if this young boy had believed it? When Thomas Edison was a young boy，his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything.He once said，“I remember I used to never be able to get along at school.I was always at the foot of my class...My father thought I was stupid，and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.”What if young Thomas had believed what they said about him? When the sculptor (雕刻家) Auguste Rodin was young，he had difficulty learning to read and write.Today，we may say he had a learning disability.His father said of him，“I have an idiot (白癡) for a son.” His uncle agreed.“He's uneducable，” he said.What if Rodin had doubted his ability? Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”．Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher，“You can't sing.You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal. What if these people had listened and bee discouraged？Where would our world be without the music of Beethoven，the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney？As Oscar Levant once said，“It's not what you are but what you don't bee that hurts.” You have great potential.When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot bee，you will find your place on earth. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章列舉了愛因斯坦、貝多芬、愛迪生等七個名人成功的故事，他們都曾得到別人較低的評價，但最終成功實現了自己的夢想；“相信自己”是他們成功的關鍵。 1．How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage? A．Six. B．Seven. C．Eight. D．Nine. B　[細節(jié)理解題。文章第一段列舉了愛因斯坦的故事，第二段講述了貝多芬的故事，第三段提到了愛迪生的故事，第四段講述了奧古斯特·羅丹的故事，第五段提及了沃特·迪士尼、恩里科·卡魯索、路易莎·梅·阿爾科特的故事，共列舉了七個著名人物，故B項正確。] 2．Which of the following statements is RIGHT? A．When he was young，Thomas Edison always got good grades at school. B．Levant thought Louisa May Alcott couldn't write any popular works. C．Only Auguste Rodin's uncle regarded him a boy of learning ability. D．Both Enrico Caruso and Beethoven achieved their dreams in music. D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的第一句、第五段的第二句及第六段的第二句可推知，貝多芬和恩里科·卡魯索都實現了他們的音樂夢想，故D項正確。] 3．What's the meaning of the underlined sentence “He's uneducable”？ A．He can't be taught. B．He is very clever. C．He is different. D．He is a late success. A　[句意理解題。根據第四段他的父親和他的叔叔對他的評價“I have an idiot (白癡) for a son”“His uncle agreed”可知，他們都認為他是白癡；據此可以推斷，該句意為“他是教不會的”，故A項正確。] 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Working Hard for Success B．Having Dreams C．Believing in Yourself D．Self-challenging C　[標題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文前五段列舉了七個名人，他們的共同點是都曾得到別人較低的評價，后來卻成功實現了自己的夢想；本文的最后一句“When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot bee，you will find your place on earth”為本文的主題句，據此可以判斷，C項“相信自己”最適合作本文標題。] B (xx·廣西桂林、北海、崇左市聯合調研)If you get scared when you go skydiving，perhaps a good way to cope is to team up with someone who feels the same.A new study suggests sharing your feelings of stress with someone having a similar emotional reaction to the same situation reduces levels of stress more than sharing them with someone who does not. The study leader Sarah Townsend and her colleagues invited 52 female undergraduates to take part in a study on public speaking where they had to prepare and give a speech that would be recorded on video.Before giving their speeches，the participants were placed in pairs and encouraged to discuss with each other how they felt about the situation.The researchers measured the participants' emotional states，and how threatening they perceived giving a speech to be.They also took measures of the stress hormone cortisol，before，during and after the speech. The results show that sharing a threatening situation with a person who is in a similar emotional state buffers(緩解) individuals from experiencing the heightened levels of stress. In other words，says Prof.Townsend，imagine you are facing a stressful situation at work，perhaps an important project with a lot riding on it，and then interacting with a co-worker with a similar emotional profile can help reduce your experience of stress.Prof.Townsend now wants to extend the scope of the research to look at how developing emotional similarity might help people from different cultural backgrounds who have to work together，for example employees or students. 【語篇解讀】　一項新的研究發(fā)現，與有同樣壓力的人分享你的情感有助于減小壓力。 5．What should you do if you are afraid when you go skydiving? A．Go to Prof. Townsend. B．Participate in the study. C．Team up with someone who feels the same. D．Reduce stress. C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第一句中的“perhaps a good way to cope is to team up with someone who feels the same”可知，跳傘時如果你感到害怕，你可以和有同樣感覺的人結伴。] 6．Who can benefit from Sarah Townsend's findings? A．People experiencing stress at work. B．Undergraduates. C．Researchers and professors. D．Colleagues. A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段的“In other words，says Prof.Townsend，imagine you are facing a stressful situation at work，perhaps an important project with a lot riding on it，and then interacting with a co-worker with a similar emotional profile can help reduce your experience of stress”可知，Sarah Townsend的發(fā)現對在工作上有壓力的人會有幫助。] 7．What does the underlined word “perceived” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Persuade. B．Suggest. C．Feel. D．Point. C　[詞義猜測題。根據上文中的“The researchers measured the...threatening”可知，研究人員測試參與者的情感狀態(tài)以及他們認為演講有多么嚇人。由此可知，畫線詞意為“覺得，認為”。] 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．Talking to colleagues helps to increase your stress. B．People should take part in public speaking. C．How to deal with your stress. D．Stress reduces when shared. D　[主旨大意題。根據全文大意可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現：與有同樣壓力的人交流分享可以幫助減小壓力。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (xx·昆明高三兩區(qū)七校模擬)Not everyone around is easy to get on well with in your life.I've always tried to keep my 1 from people who are rude，aggressive and mean.But sometimes we can't 2 having contact with people who might not have our best interests at heart. Last summer，I became involved with a(n) 3 co-worker who was at a bad spot in his life.I had a lot of 4 for him and decided to help him 5 this tough time，so I tried my best to 6 his rudeness when he lost his temper.However，just like a swimmer drowning in a pool，he grabbed on and ended up drowning me when I 7 and tried to rescue him.His rudeness gradually was out of 8 ．One night，when I got up to get a glass of water，he started yelling at me to get back into my bedroom.I did as I was told but I was not happy about it.He 9 my change in mood and asked what was wrong.But when I told him his behavior toward me was 10 and that I was very hurt by the way he had 11 me，he was surprised.He could not understand his actions had a bad 12 on me.He told me he didn't have anything 13 me and that there was no need for me to 14 it.I used examples from his life of things that had hurt him and then tried to make the 15 that the same things also made me 16 ．I said，“I always treat you with patience，understanding and kindness，but you haven't treated me with 17 respect.”He was silent after listening to my words.What I had said might 18 him. People only change 19 they want to change.I didn't know whether he would change his opinion or not in the future，but I would continue to 20 him through my patience，understanding and kindness. 【語篇解讀】　本文通過作者與同事的故事告訴我們：盡管不是所有的人都容易相處，但是遇到了，我們還是應盡力用自己的善良、耐心和理解去幫助他們。 1．A.difference B．pressure C．absence D．distance D　[根據下文的“people who are rude，aggressive and mean”可推知，對于品性不太好的人，作者自然是與他們保持距離。difference“差異”；pressure“壓力”；absence“缺席”；distance“距離”。] 2．A.risk B．escape C．avoid D．appreciate C　[根據語境“But”的轉折可推知，有時候我們不可避免地會遇到一些不把我們利益放心上的人。risk“冒險做”；escape“逃離”；avoid“避免”；appreciate“欣賞，感激”。] 3．A.bad-tempered B．kind-hearted C．easy-going D．co-operative A　[根據下文的“his rudeness when he lost his temper”可推知，這個同事脾氣不好。] 4．A.advice B．sympathy C．permission D．selection B　[根據語境“and decided to help him”可推知，作者很同情同事的艱難處境，決定施以援手。advice“建議”；sympathy“同情”；permission“允許”；selection“選擇”。] 5．A.get across B．look after C．make out D．pull through D　[根據語境“and decided to help him 5 this tough time”可推知，作者決定幫助同事渡過難關。get across“被理解”；look after“照顧”；make out“理解，辨認出”；pull through“渡過難關”。] 6．A.resist B．tolerate C．criticize D．explain B　[根據語境“so I tried my best to”和“when he lost his temper”可推知，作者強忍對方的無禮行為。resist“對抗”；tolerate“容忍”；criticize“批評”；explain“解釋”。] 7．A.reached out B．carried out C．gave out D．turned out A　[根據語境“tried to rescue him”可推知，作者伸手去救對方。reach out“伸手”；carry out“執(zhí)行”；give out“分發(fā)，發(fā)出”；turn out“證明是”。] 8．A.practice B．action C．control D．danger C　[根據下文的“One night，when I got up to get a glass of water，he started yelling at me to get back into my bedroom”可推知，作者同事的無禮(行為)逐漸失控了。practice“練習”；action“行動”；control“控制”；danger“危險”。be out of control“失去控制”。] 9．A.forgave B．noticed C．ignored D．understood B　[根據語境“and asked what was wrong”可推知，同事注意到作者的情緒變化。notice“注意到”。] 10．A.appropriate B．unnecessary C．unacceptable D．traditional C　[根據語境“that I was very hurt”可推知，作者認為同事的行為讓人不能接受。unacceptable“不能接受的”。] 11．A.scolded B．instructed C．treated D．respected C　[根據上文的“when I told him his behavior toward me”可推知，同事對待作者的方式傷到了作者，下文的“but you haven't treated me with 17 respect”也是提示。scold“責罵”；instruct“指導”；treat“對待”；respect“尊敬”。] 12．A.effect B．meaning C．content D．view A　[此處表示他無禮的行為對作者產生了不好的影響。have an effect on sb.“對某人有影響”，為固定搭配。] 13．A.for B．with C．on D．against D　[根據上文的“He could not understand his actions had a bad 12 on me”可推知，同事并不是針對作者而發(fā)脾氣的。against“對……不利”。] 14．A.mind B．doubt C．refuse D．praise A　[根據上文的“my change in mood”“that I was very hurt”可推知，作者對同事的無禮行為很在意。mind“介意，煩惱”。] 15．A.summary B．analysis C．parison D．expectation C　[根據語境“the same things”可推知，作者在此作了對比。summary“總結”；analysis“分析”；parison“對比”；expectation“期望”。] 16．A.selfish B．unfriendly C．puzzled D．upset D　[根據上文的“that I was very hurt”可知，作者對同事的行為感到難過。upset“難過，失望”。] 17．A.deserved B．proven C．promised D．intended A　[作者對同事那樣好，但卻沒有得到應得的尊重。deserved“應得的”，符合語境。] 18．A.annoy B．touch C．inspire D．satisfy B　[根據上文的“He was silent after listening to my words”可推知，作者的話或許觸動了同事。annoy“使惱怒”；touch“觸動，感動”；inspire“激勵”；satisfy“使?jié)M意”。] 19．A.before B．though C．so D．if D　[根據語境可知，上下句表示邏輯上的條件關系，故選D。] 20．A.convince B．regret C．fort D．trust C　[根據上文可知，作者的同事身處困境，作者施以援手幫助他并安慰他。convince“說服，使相信”；regret“后悔”；fort“安慰”；trust“信任”。]