2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)糾錯(cuò)筆記系列專(zhuān)題12七選五含解析.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)糾錯(cuò)筆記系列專(zhuān)題12七選五含解析 該題型主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握，需要考生具有較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維、想象、判斷、推理和歸納的能力，要求考生不但要有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功，而且要有較強(qiáng)的邏輯思維能力，其命題體現(xiàn)了《新課標(biāo)》＂用英語(yǔ)獲取、處理和運(yùn)用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語(yǔ)思維的能力＂的閱讀學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)理念。 命題方式特點(diǎn)： 1. 題型特點(diǎn) 從題型和選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容我們可以歸納出選項(xiàng)可分為三種類(lèi)型： (1)主旨概括(文章整體內(nèi)容)； (2)過(guò)渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu))； (3)注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義)。 2. 選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) (1)正確項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：主旨概括準(zhǔn)確、上下文無(wú)縫銜接、注釋與說(shuō)明正確。 (2)多余的兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)： ①主旨概括句或過(guò)于寬泛，或以偏概全，或偏離主題； ②過(guò)渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)； ③注釋或說(shuō)明性文字的意思與上文脫節(jié)等。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1 忽視詞匯和關(guān)鍵信息銜接導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤 (1)忽視詞匯線索——代詞 Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago... In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (鄉(xiāng)村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history — a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. 2 The process of urbanization — the migration (遷移) of people from the countryside to the city — was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies. 【錯(cuò)因分析】考生容易因忽視代詞線索或者沒(méi)有分析清楚代詞所指代的對(duì)象而誤選其他答案。 【正確答案】D 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。代詞是指代名詞或句子的，通過(guò)代詞在句中的成分，可以判斷它所指代內(nèi)容的類(lèi)型。 在詳讀文章和選項(xiàng)的過(guò)程中，一定要注意句子中出現(xiàn)的人稱(chēng)代詞或者指示代詞，特別是選項(xiàng)中以及空格附近句子中出現(xiàn)的代詞。根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和其在句子中所作的成分，我們可以找出代詞指代的名詞或者句子，從而幫助我們解題。 (2)忽視詞匯線索——同義詞/近義詞 Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. G. Planning in business management has three main aspects. 【錯(cuò)因分析】有些學(xué)生容易忽視詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)而誤選其他答案。 【試題解析】空格前面的一句話提到了planning，direction和control，同時(shí)根據(jù)空格后面的One的提示，可知這里G中的planning與前面提到的planning是同一詞。 【正確答案】G 七選五段落前后往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)語(yǔ)甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是我們解題的一個(gè)很好的判斷線索。復(fù)現(xiàn)是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫(xiě)作手段。作者在文章中會(huì)對(duì)同一個(gè)概念重復(fù)描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)通常有同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。七選五中，詞匯線索是一個(gè)十分重要的解題方法，所以，瀏覽文章過(guò)程中圈出關(guān)鍵詞十分重要。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2 語(yǔ)意理解錯(cuò)誤 Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources… Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. ____2____ Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior ＂contributes to＂ or is ＂associated with＂ an oute; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result… Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it. Use your mon sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements… Evaluate ＂scientific＂ statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖騙術(shù)). G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from mon sources. 【錯(cuò)因分析】學(xué)生容易因?qū)φZ(yǔ)意理解有誤而誤選其他答案。 【正確答案】G 設(shè)問(wèn)在段尾 所選答案應(yīng)引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開(kāi)頭是否有關(guān)聯(lián)。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開(kāi)頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)緊密相連。注意分析其與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折還是對(duì)比關(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。如果在第一段的段尾設(shè)題，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞，如轉(zhuǎn)折詞來(lái)引出來(lái)，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。段尾通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如：therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)銜接理解錯(cuò)誤 4 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (維生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health. A. Eat your greens. 【錯(cuò)因分析】本題學(xué)生容易誤認(rèn)為所填句子與文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)關(guān)而誤選其他答案。 【正確答案】A 1. 假如問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)在段首，它通常是段落主題句 認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。另外著重閱讀后文第一、二句，鎖定線索詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會(huì)有某種銜接手段。 2. 語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)是指語(yǔ)篇中表明各種邏輯連接關(guān)系，并對(duì)語(yǔ)篇連貫起指示作用的詞語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)可以是表示時(shí)間順序的first，then，next等；表達(dá)作者組織語(yǔ)篇方式的for example，in other words，in short等。語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)不僅能表達(dá)相鄰句子之間的關(guān)系，還能表明某一特定語(yǔ)篇的總體走向。因此，對(duì)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)了解得越多，就越可以更好地理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。 3. 空前空后 一篇文章的句與句之間必然有一定的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)，如果我們把其中一句抽掉，必然會(huì)影響其邏輯意義的順暢發(fā)展。比如說(shuō)空前空后的兩句討論的不是同一個(gè)主題，那么空格處所在的句子一般會(huì)起轉(zhuǎn)折、改變?cè)掝}等作用。 (1)從行文邏輯上判斷——例證關(guān)系 前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過(guò)程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點(diǎn))和推理(從觀點(diǎn)到例子)。 Protect against UV rays (紫外線). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses. 2 C. They can properly protect your eyes. 【答案】C (2)從行文邏輯上判斷——轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)的邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間有however(然而)，nevertheless(然而，不過(guò))，still(還，仍然)，though(可是，不過(guò)，然而)，yet(然而)，on the contrary(正相反)，in contrast(與此相反，相比之下)，in parison(比較起來(lái)，與……比較)，by parison(相比之下)等詞，則表明前后兩句話存在邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 Don’t forget to forgive yourself. 5 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it. E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge. 【解析】E項(xiàng)中的信息forgiving themselves與本段的主題＂不要忘記原諒你自己＂意義一致，并且選項(xiàng)E與后面的句子之間用but連接，有轉(zhuǎn)折的語(yǔ)氣，因此構(gòu)成了一種意義上的對(duì)比關(guān)系，尤其是but這個(gè)詞，更加突出了對(duì)比的意義，因此選項(xiàng)E符合這里的意義和結(jié)構(gòu)。 【答案】E (3)從行文邏輯上判斷——因果關(guān)系 做題時(shí)最重要的是要在讀懂空格前后的句子的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)彼此的關(guān)系來(lái)確認(rèn)答案。有時(shí)，前后的句子之間出現(xiàn)as a result(結(jié)果)，thus/therefore(因此)，so(such)...that(如此……以至于)等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)，表明前后句有著原因和結(jié)果的關(guān)系，說(shuō)明前因后果或者前果后因等情況。 Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 4 A. That kept cities very small. 【答案】A (4)從行文邏輯上判斷——遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間有also(也，而且)，further(進(jìn)一步地，而且)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同樣地，也)，similarly(相同地，類(lèi)似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外，加之)，what’s more(更重要的是)，not only...but also(不但……而且……)等連接詞或詞組，則表明前后兩句是邏輯上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，空格處很有可能是個(gè)遞進(jìn)的句子。 Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. _____5____ Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers. F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive. 【解析】空格前面的一句話提到，在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)世紀(jì)里，工業(yè)革命打破了城鄉(xiāng)之間的平衡。后一句話提到，現(xiàn)在的情況不需要95個(gè)農(nóng)民養(yǎng)活5個(gè)城市人了，在美國(guó)一個(gè)農(nóng)民就能養(yǎng)活一百多個(gè)非農(nóng)民，與F項(xiàng)信息，即：＂現(xiàn)代化把人們吸引到城市里來(lái)，并使得農(nóng)民更加多產(chǎn)＂一致。 【答案】F (5)從行文邏輯上判斷——并列關(guān)系 如果空格前后兩句話之間有first(首先，第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首先)，secondly(第二(點(diǎn))，其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(第一)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第一，首先)，in the second place(第二，其次)；for one thing(首先，一則)，for another(其次)；to begin with(首先，第一)等詞或詞組，則表明前后兩句是邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，空格處很有可能是個(gè)并列的句子。 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. 【答案】E 【解題步驟】 1. 通讀全文 快速瀏覽文章，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)及主要內(nèi)容，尋找主題句。 2. 定位選項(xiàng) 明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，圍繞文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫(xiě)時(shí)尤其要注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。 3. 通讀復(fù)檢 將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系。 4. 確定排除 研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，以防造成易混選項(xiàng)誤選，最終確定答案。 【解題策略】 熟練利用三種銜接手段——詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。 1. 詞匯銜接 詞匯銜接可分為： （1）代詞 英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，利用指代關(guān)系或根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。 （2）同義詞/近義詞 英語(yǔ)前言后語(yǔ)之間常有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是解題的很好的判斷線索。 （3）上下義詞/同一范疇詞 什么是上下義詞或同一范疇詞？舉例說(shuō)明。如：job和driver之間就是上下義詞，因?yàn)榍罢甙撕笳?。driver和doctor之間則是同一范疇的關(guān)系，都屬于job。 2. 邏輯銜接 邏輯銜接可分為： （1）解釋關(guān)系：前后句之間含有解釋的邏輯關(guān)系，這樣的邏輯關(guān)系較隱蔽。 （2）例證關(guān)系：前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。 （3） 因果關(guān)系：前后句的邏輯是因果關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)的邏輯表達(dá)有：because, for, since, as, the reason is that, result in/from, due to, in response to等。 （4）順逆關(guān)系：如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很可能是表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的句子。 （5）總分結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系：英語(yǔ)文章大多數(shù)都是總分結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. 結(jié)構(gòu)銜接 結(jié)構(gòu)銜接包括： （1）描述性結(jié)構(gòu)（主要介紹事物、問(wèn)題的特點(diǎn)或?qū)θ宋镞M(jìn)行描述，因此時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)往往是出題的重點(diǎn)）； （2）釋義性結(jié)構(gòu)（解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用舉例、比喻來(lái)闡述）； （3）比較性結(jié)構(gòu)（把兩個(gè)人或事物的功能、特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比）； （4）原因性結(jié)構(gòu)（這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要分析事物的成因，有客觀的、主觀的、直接的和間接的等）； （5）駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)（這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是先介紹一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)論或駁斥，再分析其優(yōu)點(diǎn)、危害性，最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)）。 【特別注意】 辨別語(yǔ)境線索： 語(yǔ)境線索主要指反應(yīng)上下文關(guān)系的銜接手段，如篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)、邏輯、連接、指稱(chēng)、同構(gòu)等。 詞語(yǔ)重現(xiàn)是指詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，不是指詞語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單重現(xiàn)，而是指某詞語(yǔ)可能以不同詞類(lèi)、詞性、數(shù)、格、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等形式出現(xiàn)，還可能是以同義詞、近義詞甚至反義詞等形式出現(xiàn)。（關(guān)鍵詞） 邏輯是事物之間內(nèi)在的、必然的聯(lián)系，包括時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、空間位置關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、歸納總結(jié)關(guān)系、總分關(guān)系等。 連接是指用連接詞或連接語(yǔ)表明上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如and, however。（并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系） 指稱(chēng)是指用代詞替代前文已出現(xiàn)的人物、事件、物品等，如he, she, they。 同構(gòu)是指上下文使用了同一或類(lèi)似的句式。 【答題探究】 一、選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn) (1)主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容） (2)過(guò)渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)） (3)注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義） 二、解題技巧 1. 查看有無(wú)主題句：段首或段尾 2. 看空前空后內(nèi)容，分析之間的邏輯性 3. 觀察語(yǔ)法關(guān)系：同義詞或近義詞的重復(fù)使用、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化、動(dòng)賓搭配等 4. 注意代詞或定冠詞：it, they, this, the… 5. 注意特殊疑問(wèn)詞及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào): why, where, when, what… 6. 注意連詞: however, so, though, not only…but also, also ... 7. 靈活掌握答題順序 8. 看選項(xiàng)，初步排除含有無(wú)關(guān)內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。 三、七選五解題的三個(gè)切入點(diǎn) 1. 從語(yǔ)境入手 在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再利用線索特征詞等進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)答案。 2. 從詞匯入手 做題時(shí)很重要的一點(diǎn)是保持對(duì)一些線索詞的敏感，最主要的線索特征詞是空白前后的名詞和動(dòng)詞，尋找答案時(shí)注意在選項(xiàng)中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類(lèi)事物的詞語(yǔ)等。其次是代詞、數(shù)詞、表示時(shí)間/年代的詞、地點(diǎn)/名稱(chēng)等專(zhuān)有名詞等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下，利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。 3. 從邏輯關(guān)系入手 由于英語(yǔ)的句、段之間經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞表示銜接和過(guò)渡，使文章邏輯更清楚和連貫，因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的路標(biāo)性信號(hào)詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索。 在做題時(shí)可將這三個(gè)層面的線索很好地結(jié)合起來(lái)。例如，在看到表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)，一般表示前后句子的名詞或句意具有同指性；而表示轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系的詞則往往表示前后句子的名詞同指，但句意對(duì)立，或褒貶對(duì)立或肯否對(duì)立；而表示例證關(guān)系的詞則意味著在舉例之前或之后有表述概念或某一觀點(diǎn)的句子，往往會(huì)有復(fù)數(shù)名詞出現(xiàn)。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞主要有： 并列與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and, or, also, neither, nor, either, or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to, what’s more等。 因果關(guān)系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course等。 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, of course, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of等。 時(shí)間關(guān)系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place, to start with, in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with等。 四、解題步驟 具體答題步驟如下： 1. 通讀全文，理解大意，畫(huà)出關(guān)鍵詞 先快速瀏覽全文，尋找主題句，快速掌握文章的主題及主要內(nèi)容。在瀏覽完全文，對(duì)全文的大意有所了解后，我們應(yīng)該順次瀏覽一下所有的選項(xiàng)。在瀏覽的過(guò)程中，要特別注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的與原文相同或者相似的詞語(yǔ)，如果遇到這種情況，可以試著把選項(xiàng)代入原文，看看是否符合上下文邏輯。 2. 分析銜接手段，初步試填 文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。詳細(xì)閱讀，明確各段的主旨，并找出各個(gè)小段落的關(guān)鍵詞，為解題做好鋪墊。然后再明確各選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，文章的行文需要通過(guò)一定的銜接手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。文章的銜接手段有：重復(fù)使用某一詞語(yǔ)或其近義詞，用總稱(chēng)指代具體事物或用具體事物指代整體，使用代詞避免重復(fù)，使用語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記語(yǔ)連接句子等，即詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。我們要對(duì)文章匯總出現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。有時(shí)候我們?cè)谧x文章時(shí)即使沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的銜接手段，也能感覺(jué)到字里行間千絲萬(wàn)縷的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)。 3. 做好標(biāo)記，排除干擾項(xiàng) 一旦確定一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就在該選項(xiàng)上做出標(biāo)記(如刪除符號(hào))，以避免其干擾和分散我們的注意力。我們?cè)谶x完答案后，還要注意對(duì)多余選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。由于多余選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)與某個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近，所以我們要對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究，確定排除理由，從而選出正確答案。 4. 代入重讀，確定答案 最后，我們還需要將選項(xiàng)代入到文章重讀，檢查文章邏輯是否合理、語(yǔ)義是否清晰、語(yǔ)句是否連貫通暢，從而判斷所選答案是否正確。 【特別注意】 解七選五類(lèi)型的題目需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 根據(jù)解題技巧可能發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩處或三處與該空格有關(guān)系，此時(shí)必須要冷靜分析哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)與該段或整篇文章關(guān)系最緊密。 2. 對(duì)該題型大家關(guān)注的內(nèi)容主要是空格前后的內(nèi)容，在把握好整篇文章主題的前提下，無(wú)需對(duì)離空格太遠(yuǎn)的句子進(jìn)行分析。 3. 分析選項(xiàng)中的時(shí)態(tài)是否與全文時(shí)態(tài)吻合，不能吻合的選項(xiàng)可直接排除。 【巧學(xué)妙記】 七選五做題口訣 口訣一： 七選五，重結(jié)構(gòu)； 給標(biāo)題，猜大意； 段首句，主題句； 空前后，靠邏輯； 陳述否定祈使句。 看標(biāo)點(diǎn)，大小寫(xiě)； 冠名代，特關(guān)鍵； K(=key words)F(=foretelling)C(=connection)，細(xì)品味； 主旨過(guò)渡細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)。 口訣二： 文章標(biāo)題猜大意，段首段尾主題句； 空前空后邏輯性，同義舉例與對(duì)比； 代詞冠詞大小寫(xiě)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)關(guān)鍵詞； 相似句式或排比，多個(gè)條款要對(duì)起。 高考真題 題組一 xx年真題 Passage 1（xx·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and unfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in mon with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with fortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. 39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer plete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. 40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I remend that you find your way in style. A. This?time?there?was?no?tent. B. Things?are?going?to?be?improved. C. The?trip?they?took?me?on?was?a?rough?one. D. I?was?to?learn?a?lot?about?camping?since?then,?however. E. I?must?say?that?I?have?certainly?e?to?enjoy?camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【答案】 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】三年前，作者對(duì)露營(yíng)一無(wú)所知，也不認(rèn)為自己會(huì)喜歡露營(yíng)。然而后來(lái)有過(guò)幾次露營(yíng)的經(jīng)歷，作者和他的家人開(kāi)始愛(ài)上了露營(yíng)，甚至為露營(yíng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了設(shè)備齊全的房車(chē)。作者認(rèn)為露營(yíng)是回歸大自然的一個(gè)方式，也建議讀者找到適合自己的回歸自然的方式。 37. C 【解析】根據(jù)后文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom可知作者第一次露營(yíng)的條件很艱苦，C選項(xiàng)The trip they took me on was a rough one.中的rough暗示了這一點(diǎn)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。 38. A 【解析】根據(jù)前文We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom可知作者第一次露營(yíng)時(shí)住帳篷，露天生火做飯，走很遠(yuǎn)的距離去洗澡、上廁所，條件很艱苦，而后文中Instead, we had a pop-up camper with fortable beds and an air conditioner. 說(shuō)明作者第二次露營(yíng)有床有空調(diào)。A選項(xiàng)This time there was no tent＂這次沒(méi)有帳篷了＂暗示作者進(jìn)行了第二次露營(yíng)，而且條件比較好，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。 39. F 【解析】根據(jù)后文we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer plete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.可知作者一家為了露營(yíng)買(mǎi)了房車(chē)，里面設(shè)備齊全，說(shuō)明作者一家人是喜歡露營(yíng)的。F選項(xiàng)After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping(那次露營(yíng)之后，我的家人開(kāi)始對(duì)露營(yíng)感興趣)符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。 Passage 2（xx·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now. 37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time. When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to e back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 . It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions. When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are. If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed. A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not 【答案】 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。為避免工作被打斷是一件令人感覺(jué)很糟糕的事，文章提出了幾點(diǎn)建議，防止此類(lèi)事件的發(fā)生。 36. B 【解析】根據(jù)there are several ways to handle things可知下文是關(guān)于幾種防止在工作中被別人打斷的方法，此句與前半句構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境故選B。 37. A 【解析】根據(jù)后文＂Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time＂可知，學(xué)會(huì)在自己很忙的時(shí)候去拒絕別人。故選A。 39. D 【解析】根據(jù)后文＂it’s much easeier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are＂可知，此句中it指代前文＂don’t do it in your own office＂，也就是說(shuō)此段中作者認(rèn)為比起在自己的辦公室解釋?zhuān)辉谧约旱霓k公室更容易。故選D。 40. G 【解析】根據(jù)＂If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.＂可知，此段主要是講述關(guān)于如何利用自己辦公室的門(mén)來(lái)防止被打擾。故選G。 Passage 3 （xx·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷III）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 Here’s how to make one. ● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. ● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. ● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But pensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39 ● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try. A. Get a sleep specialist. B. Find the right motivation. C. A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm. E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. 【答案】 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了如何幫助人們制訂一個(gè)計(jì)劃去調(diào)節(jié)生物鐘，確保起床不再是一件令人頭疼的事。 36. C 【解析】根據(jù)后句中的關(guān)鍵詞one可以判斷出，根據(jù)空前及空后的內(nèi)容可知，空處應(yīng)為解決方法，再結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)可知只有C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 37. B 【解析】本段內(nèi)容是建議人們要先確定為什么要早起，弄清早起的目的是什么，也就是早起的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么。因此B項(xiàng)可以概括本段的中心。 39. F 【解析】根據(jù)段落的中心句可知，本段是建議人們?cè)谥苣┮惨獔?jiān)持自己的作息時(shí)間，由此推斷出Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。 40. E 【解析】后句建議人們?nèi)绻@樣做沒(méi)作用就嘗試新辦法，由此推斷出該空與If not對(duì)應(yīng)，即如果有效果的話如何去做。故選E。 Passage 4（xx·浙江） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy. ●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?＂ 32 ●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you. ●Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged. ● 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 ●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them. A. Limit your time. B. As you approach people, be polite. C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one. D. For new reporters, this can