高中英語 Unit 3 section 1 Warming up Prereading Reading Comprehending課件 新人教版選修8.ppt

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Inventors and inventions,Unit 3,Section Ⅰ Warming up; Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 3,Ⅰ.詞匯過關(guān) 1．音意記憶。 (1)________(n.)專利證書；專利權(quán) (2)________(n.)產(chǎn)品 (3)____________(vi.& vt.)顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別 (4)________(n.)粉末；火藥 (5)________(vt.)抓??；捉??；奪 (6)________(n.)文件；檔案；文件夾 (vt.)提交；將……歸檔 (7)________(adj.)熟的；成熟的,patent,product,distinguish,powder,seize,file,ripe,2．形意記憶。 (1)mercy (n.)仁慈；寬恕→________(adj.)寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→___________(adv.)仁慈地；寬厚地 (2)cube(n.)立方體；立方→________(adj.)立方的 (3)abrupt(adj.)突然的；意外的→________(adv.)突然地；唐突地 (4)convenient(adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的→____________(n.)便利；方便→_____________(adv.)方便地 (5)cautious(adj.)謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的→________(n.)小心；謹(jǐn)慎 (6)expect(v.)期望；預(yù)期→____________(n.)預(yù)料；期待；期望,merciful,mercifully,cubic,abruptly,convenience,conveniently,caution,expectation,(7)merry(adj.)愉快的；高興的→________(adv.)高興地；愉快地,merrily,Ⅱ.短語自查 1．給……打電話______________ 2．偶爾；有時(shí)______________ 3．開始；著手______________ 4．把……和……區(qū)別開__________________ 5．a(chǎn)pply for a patent______________ 6．in the countryside______________ 7．get rid of______________ 8．decide on______________,call up,now and then,set about,distinguish.from.,申請專利,在農(nóng)村/鄉(xiāng)下,除掉；擺脫,決定,Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 1．Only after you have had that recognition ______ ________ ________ that you are truly an inventor. 只有得到那種認(rèn)可，你才可以說自己是一個(gè)真正的發(fā)明家。 2．______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________ until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's. 你的產(chǎn)品要經(jīng)過仔細(xì)審查，證明它確實(shí)是與眾不同的，你才能獲得專利。,say,can,you,a,Nor,will,you,receive,patent,Ⅳ.語篇理解 Choose the best answers according to the text THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES. 1．What's the problem that the writer came across? A．Snakes came near her house now and then. B．Snakes seemed to have made their home near her house. C．How to catch the snakes without harming them. D．Her mother felt upset.,C,2．Why did the writer not use powders to solve the problem? A．Because it was an old thought pattern to use powders. B．Because that would harm or even kill the snakes. C．Because that would damage something else near the house. D．Because she wanted to invent something new.,B,3．The following are the three possible approaches that the writer thought of to catch the snakes EXCEPT ________. A．removing their habitat B．a(chǎn)ttracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food C．using the natural enemies of snakes D．cooling the snakes,C,4．Why did cooling the snakes make them less active? A．Because they are small reptiles. B．Because they are cold-blooded and become sleepy when it is cold. C．Because their body temperature changes with the heat around them. D．Both B and C.,D,1.discovery n．發(fā)現(xiàn) The country became rich after the discovery of oil. 在發(fā)現(xiàn)石油之后，這個(gè)國家變得很富有。 知識拓展 make an important discovery有重大發(fā)現(xiàn) discover v．發(fā)現(xiàn) discover sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事 discoverer n．發(fā)現(xiàn)者 The researchers have made a number of important discoveries.,研究人員已做出許多重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。 John was frightened when he was discovered smoking in his dormitory. 當(dāng)約翰被發(fā)現(xiàn)在宿舍里抽煙的時(shí)候，他非常害怕。,比較網(wǎng)站 discover和invent,He discovered a hole in the wall. 他在墻上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)洞。 Edison invented many useful inventions. 愛迪生發(fā)明了許多有用的發(fā)明。,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①I'm sure if you are careful, you'll ________ ______ ________ ________ (有重大發(fā)現(xiàn))． ②______ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (在發(fā)現(xiàn)他那迷路的孩子時(shí)), he jumped with joy. 答案：①make an important discovery ②On the discovery of his lost child,(2)用discover，invent的正確形式完成下列句子 ①Columbus ________ America, and he will always be remembered as the ________ for his ________. ②The first telephone was ________ by Alexander Graham in 1876. As the ________ of it, he was famous for his ________. 答案：①discovered；discoverer；discovery ②invented；inventor；invention,2．distinguish vi. & vt. 顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別 ①The man distinguished himself by his wisdom. 這個(gè)人因智慧而揚(yáng)名。 ②Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能區(qū)分那兩個(gè)物體嗎？ ③Speeches distinguish man from animals. 語言使人類區(qū)別于動物。,知識拓展 (1)distinguish between.and.區(qū)分/辨別……和…… distinguish.from.使……有別于……；使……具有區(qū)別于……的特征 be distinguished for.因……而出名 distinguish oneself (as.)(作為……)表現(xiàn)突出 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 distinguishable adj.易分辨的；能區(qū)分的 (3)distinguish常用于否定句，且常與can或could連用；tell也可表示“辨認(rèn)，辨別”，常與can或could連用，主要用于否定句和疑問句中。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)你應(yīng)學(xué)會明辨是非。 You should learn to ________ right ________ wrong. (2)這對孿生兒長得很像，沒有人能分辨得出哪個(gè)是哪個(gè)。 The twins are so alike that no one ______ one ______ the other. (3)我弄不清“above all”和“first of all”用法的區(qū)別。 I ______ the difference ________ the usages of “above all” and “first of all”．,答案：(1)distinguish between；and (2)can distinguish；from (3)can't tell；between,3．merciful adj. 寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners. 他們要求她對犯人慈悲為懷。 知識拓展 (1)mercifully adv. 仁慈地；寬厚地；幸運(yùn)地 (2)mercy n. 仁慈；寬恕；憐憫 ask/beg/plead for mercy 請求/乞求/祈求寬恕 show no mercy to 對……絲毫不講仁慈/毫不憐憫…… have mercy on 憐憫…… at the mercy of 任憑……的擺布,without mercy 無情地 He is a kind boss, who treats the workers mercifully. 他是一位好心的老板，對待工人很仁慈。 We showed no mercy to the traitor. 我們毫不憐憫那個(gè)叛徒。 They were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather. 他們在海上迷了路，任憑風(fēng)和天氣的擺布。,活學(xué)活用 選詞填空mercy/merciful/mercifully (1)The ________ king saved the young officers from death. (2)Mr Smith has ________ on the poor boy and always helps him. (3)Deaths from the disease are ________ rare. 答案：(1)merciful (2)mercy (3)mercifully,4．product n．產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物；產(chǎn)量 They came here in search of new markets from their products. 他們來此為他們的產(chǎn)品尋找新市場。 知識拓展 produce vt.生產(chǎn)；制造 n．(集合用法)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 producer n．生產(chǎn)者 production n．生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量；總產(chǎn)量 productive adj.多產(chǎn)的；富有成效的 The factory produces 1,000 cars a week. 這家工廠每星期生產(chǎn)一千輛轎車。 fresh produce新鮮的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,比較網(wǎng)站 product，production和produce,活學(xué)活用 用produce的恰當(dāng)形式填空 (1)他們可以幫你比較兩個(gè)不同的產(chǎn)品。 They can help you to compare two different ________. (2)這些樹生產(chǎn)橡膠。 These trees ________ rubber. (3)他是好幾個(gè)電視節(jié)目的制作人。 He is the ________ of several TV shows.,(4)如果我們不能賣出更多的貨物，就必須降低產(chǎn)量。 If we can't sell more goods, we'll have to cut back on the ________. (5)這本論述教育的書是他的最新作品。 This book on educations is his latest ________. (6)這個(gè)會議成效不太大。 It wasn't a very ________ meeting. 答案：(1)products (2)produce (3)producer (4)production (5)production (6)productive,5．convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的 ①It is not convenient for me to ring him up. 我現(xiàn)在不便于給他打電話。 ②Please come at six if it's convenient for you. 你方便的話，請?jiān)诹c(diǎn)鐘來。 ③The digital camera is simple and convenient to use. 這臺數(shù)碼相機(jī)使用起來簡單方便。,知識拓展 (1)be convenient for對……是方便的 It is convenient for sb. to do sth.某人方便做某事 (2)convenience[U]方便；便利 [C]便利的設(shè)施 for convenience為了方便起見 at one's convenience在……方便的時(shí)候 (3)conveniently adv.方便地 It is convenient for me to get to the railway station. 我到火車站很便利。 注意：convenient通常不以人作主語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“sth. be convenient for sb.”及“It's convenient (for sb.) to do sth.”。,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①________________________ (如果你方便的話), I'll go to see you at 6 pm. ②I put my bike at the gate ________________ (為了方便)． 答案：①If it is convenient to you ②for convenience,(2)(山東高考)Would it be ________ for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport? A．free B．vacant C．handy D．convenient 答案：D 句意：你是否方便在4點(diǎn)鐘來接我，然后送我去機(jī)場？convenient“便利的；方便的”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為it is/was convenient for sb. to do sth.“某人方便做某事”，符合題意。free“自由的；免費(fèi)的；空閑的”；vacant“空的；未被占用的”；handy“方便的；手邊的”。,6．expectation n．[C，U]預(yù)料；期待；期望 ①It's our expectation that you will do well. 我們期待你干得出色。 ②She looked at me with expectation. 她滿懷期待地看著我。,知識拓展 (1)against all expectation(s) 出乎預(yù)料 contrary to expectation(s) 出乎預(yù)料 come/live up to one's expectations 不負(fù)所望 beyond expectation 料想不到 in expectation of 期待，指望，預(yù)料,(2)expect vt. 期望；盼望 后可跟名詞或代詞、不定式、復(fù)合賓語、從句等 常用搭配：expect sth./(sb.) to do sth./that.期望；盼望…… Against all expectations, Mike finished high school with top grades. 出乎所有人的預(yù)料，邁克中學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)成績優(yōu)異。 He succeeded beyond our expectations. 我們沒有料想到，他成功了。 I expect him to come. 我盼望他來。,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 ①他對考試及格不抱希望。 He has ________ ________ ________ passing the exam. ②他們預(yù)計(jì)天會下雨，所以把窗戶都關(guān)上了。 The closed the windows ________ ________ ______ rain. 答案：①little expectation of ②in expectation of,(2)—How many students, do you think, will be present at the meeting? —I expect ________ 20 students at the meeting. A．there being B．there to be C．there be D．there been 答案：B 考查expect to do sth.的用法。句意：“你認(rèn)為將有多少學(xué)生出席會議？”“我預(yù)料將會有20個(gè)學(xué)生?！币?yàn)閑xpect后要求用不定式作賓語，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，所以排除A項(xiàng)，又因?yàn)閠here be表示“有”，可以用于不定式結(jié)構(gòu)形式there to be，所以選B項(xiàng)。expect后也可以接句子，但there be和there been都不是句子形式，所以不合題意。,7．seize vt. 抓?。蛔阶。粖Z；攻占 ①I decided to seize the opportunity to make success. 我決定抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會來獲得成功。 ②I can't quite seize your meaning. 我不太理解你的意思。 ③The enemy seized the town after a violent attack. 敵人猛攻后占領(lǐng)了這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。,知識拓展 be seized with an illness 害病 seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 seize the chance/opportunity 抓住機(jī)會 seize.by surprise 突襲…… seize on/upon 抓住，利用(借口等) He seized Mary by the arm when she wanted to leave. 當(dāng)瑪麗想離開時(shí)他一把抓住了她的胳膊。 Tom seized on the excuse to get out of the practice. 湯姆利用這個(gè)借口逃避了練習(xí)。,比較網(wǎng)站 seize/snatch/catch/grasp/grab,①Suddenly his father seized him by the wrist and rushed out. 突然他父親抓住他的手腕沖出去了。 ②The thieves will snatch your last bob if you give them half a chance. 一有機(jī)會，小偷便會搶走你的最后一個(gè)銅板。 ③Yesterday he caught a bird. 昨天他抓住一只鳥。 ④He grasped the idea and did his work smoothly. 他抓住了要領(lǐng)，做起工作來很順手。 ⑤He grabbed the money and left. 他抓了錢就走了。,活學(xué)活用 (1)Suddenly, a tall man ________ the girl and took her away. A．brought B．carried C．seized D．put 答案：C 句意：突然，一個(gè)高大的男人抓住了這個(gè)女孩并把她帶走了。bring“帶來”；carry“運(yùn)送”；seize“抓住”；put“放下”。根據(jù)題意選C項(xiàng)。,(2)He seized me ________ the collar. A．for B．on C．with D．by 答案：D 句意：他抓住了我的衣領(lǐng)。seize sb. by the＋部位表示抓住了某人身體的某一部位，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。,1.call up給……打電話；使……回憶起；召集，召集……入伍 ①I'll call you up this evening if possible. 可能的話今晚我給你打電話。 名師點(diǎn)津 call up當(dāng)表示“打電話”時(shí)，call up＝ring up＝ring＝call ②She can still call up scenes of childhood. 她仍能想起兒時(shí)的情景。 ③I was called up three months after the war broke out. 戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)3個(gè)月后，我被征召入伍。,知識拓展 call back回電話 call for需要；要求；接(人或物) call in召來，叫來 call on sb.激起；要求 call on sb. to do sth.號召某人做某事 call off取消 I will call for you at 8 o'clock at the school gate. 我8點(diǎn)鐘在學(xué)校門口來接你。,活學(xué)活用 (1)用call的相關(guān)短語填空 ①I ______________ (給他打電話) many times today, but I couldn't get through. ②This year the government ________ (號召) a great many graduates who major in English to devote themselves to the construction of the country. ③Last weekend he ________ (拜訪) the village where he was brought up. ④They have __________ (取消) their engagement (婚約)． 答案：①called him up ②calls on ③called at ④called off,(2)As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ________ scenes of my childhood. A．called up B．called for C．called on D．called in 答案：A 句意：因?yàn)槲沂窃谝粋€(gè)山腳下的小鎮(zhèn)長大的，參觀那個(gè)村子讓我回憶起童年的情景。call up“使回憶起，使想起”，符合題意。,2．set about (doing sth.) 開始(做)；著手(干某事) ①A team of volunteers set about the work with determination. 一組志愿者決心著手做這項(xiàng)工作。 ②She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office. 她一到辦公室就開始寫回信。,知識拓展 set out 出發(fā)；啟程 set out to do sth. 開始做某事 set off 出發(fā)；動身；開始(旅行、賽跑等) set aside 留出；撥出；對……不予考慮；(為某目的)節(jié)省或保留(錢或時(shí)間) set down 停下……；讓……下車；記下；寫下 set up 設(shè)置；創(chuàng)立；開辦 set out for＝set off for＝leave for 出發(fā)到某地去 set back 阻礙某事物發(fā)展；把(鐘表指針)往回?fù)?set sth. off 使(炸彈、地雷等)爆炸,set sth. up 擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)(體育)記錄 注意：set about中about為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。 A team of volunteers set about the task with determination. 一隊(duì)志愿者堅(jiān)定地開始這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。 The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch. 最輕微的碰撞都可能引爆這顆炸彈。 Let's set aside my personal feelings for now. 目前咱們就不要顧及我的個(gè)人感情了。 He set out to break the record for the channel swim. 他決心打破游過海峽的記錄。,活學(xué)活用 (1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕楦痹~填空 ①We try to set ________ a bit of money every week. ②The company has set ________ a new branch in London. ③Gathering up the thread of his story，he set ________ writing. ④He has achieved what he set ________ to do three years ago. 答案：①aside ②up ③about ④out,(2)(2013·安徽，26)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ________ on their life journey. A．give up B．settle down C．get through D．set off 答案：D 本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意：傳統(tǒng)上，大學(xué)生在開始他們的人生旅程前舉辦一個(gè)畢業(yè)典禮來激勵(lì)他們自己。give up“放棄”；settle down“定居，安定下來”；get through“打通電話，完成， 讀完，用完”；set off“出發(fā)，開始”。根據(jù)句子意思可知D項(xiàng)正確。,3．in case以防萬一；假使 ①In case you need something, please don't hesitate to let me know. 如果你需要什么東西，請不要猶豫地對我說。 ②It may rain; you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does)． 可能下雨，你最好帶把傘，以防萬一。 ③I'll cook plenty of potatoes just in case they decide to stay for dinner. 我打算多煮些馬鈴薯，以防他們決定留下來吃飯。,知識拓展 ①in case of 假如；如果發(fā)生(后接名詞或代詞) ②in this case 如果這樣的話 ③in that case 如果那樣的話 ④in any case 無論如何 ⑤in no case 決不(位于句首，句子應(yīng)使用倒裝語序),注意：①in case表示“萬一”，可單獨(dú)使用，也可引導(dǎo)從句(有時(shí)用虛擬語氣)。 ②in case后跟表示將來的從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，但可用should, might等情態(tài)動詞。 There are spare batteries there, in case you need them. 那里面有備用電池，萬一你需要時(shí)能用上。 ③in no case “決不”，置于句首時(shí)，句子采用部分倒裝語序。 In no case will I turn against my motherland. 我決不會背叛我的祖國。,活學(xué)活用 (1)(2014·四川，8)I'll be out for some time.________ anything important happens, call me up immediately. A．In case B．As if C．Even though D．Now that 答案：A 本題考查連詞。句意：——我要出去一段時(shí)間。萬一任何重要的事情發(fā)生，立刻給我打電話。in case“萬一”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；as if“好像，仿佛”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句；even though“縱然，即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；now that“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。由語境可知，此處表示“萬一”，要用in case引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，故A項(xiàng)正確。,(2)Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow ________ I forget. A．though B．so that C．in case D．until 答案：C though“盡管”；so that“以便”；in case“以免”；until“直到”。句意：請明天再提醒我一次會議的事情以免我忘記。,1.The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 我所做的第一件事就是看有沒有什么產(chǎn)品可能幫助我，但是，看來只有一種毒死蛇的藥粉。,(1)本句為but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句，其結(jié)構(gòu)如下：,,(2)there seem to be是there be句型的變體，表示“似乎有……”。與there可以連用的謂語動詞還有：be going to, appear to, used to, be likely to, happen to等。 ①There seem to be fewer tourists around this year. 今年來訪的旅游者似乎少了。 ②There are going to be two English parties next week. 下周有兩場英語晚會。 ③There used to be a bridge across the river. 過去河上有座橋。 ④There happened to be some money in my pocket. 我的口袋里碰巧有一些錢。,知識拓展 there be句型中的be有時(shí)還可以換成其他表示“有，存在”的詞，如live，stand，lie，remain等。 There stands a man-made hill near the lake. 在湖邊有一座假山。 There remained in the village only women and children. 村子里只剩下婦女和兒童。,活學(xué)活用 補(bǔ)全句子 (1)________ ________ ________ ________ an apple tree in front of the house. 過去房子前面有棵蘋果樹。 (2)________ ________ ________ ________ a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way. 恰好拐角處有一位警察，我就向他問路了。 (3)________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in the small house. 在這個(gè)小房子里住著一位老人。,答案：(1)There used to be (2)There happened to be (3)There lived an old man,2．Prepared with some research findings, I decided on three possible approaches. 經(jīng)過一番研究以后，我決定采用三種可能的方法。 prepared with some research findings為過去分詞短語作狀語，相當(dāng)于謂語動詞為被動的狀語從句，該動作和主句的主語之間存在著邏輯動賓關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，過去分詞與主語之間是動賓關(guān)系，即被動關(guān)系。 Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 盡管這座房子是30年前被建造的，它看起來依然很漂亮。 Given more time, he can do it better. 如果給予他更多的時(shí)間，他能把它做得更好。,知識拓展 ①過去分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when, while或after等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 ②作條件狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, once或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 ③作原因狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為as, since或because等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 ④作讓步狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although, though或even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 ⑤作方式狀語，如有連詞as if，就轉(zhuǎn)換為as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句；若無連詞，則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。,⑥作伴隨狀語，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. →When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 從山頂上看，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。 Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. →As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得成績的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. →He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起來，好像被蛇咬了。,活學(xué)活用 (1)________ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A．Opened B．Having opened C．Opening D．Being opened 答案：A 考查非謂語動詞。句意：很多人認(rèn)為1955年開業(yè)的加利福尼亞迪斯尼樂園非常有趣。open“開業(yè)”，與Disneyland之間存在著被動關(guān)系；D項(xiàng)being opened表正在進(jìn)行，但開業(yè)的事實(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故選A項(xiàng)。,(2)________from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A．Seen B．Seeing C．Having seen D．To see 答案：A 考查非謂語動詞。句意：從塔頂上看過去，這座山南面的山腳下是一片林海。非謂語動詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是句子的主語。和邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，非謂語動詞要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；和邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系，非謂語動詞要用過去分詞形式。句子的主語是the south foot of the mountain，和see之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作狀語。故選A項(xiàng)。,3．Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的內(nèi)壁和外壁都抹上果凍，這些果凍冷卻后會凍結(jié)。 when cooled的構(gòu)成為：連詞＋過去分詞，相當(dāng)于when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句：when it is cooled。這屬于狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象，省略了從句的主語it和系動詞is。,注意：如果連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it，且包含be動詞，則可以省略從句的主語或it和be動詞，形成“連詞＋分詞/形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，原從句為主動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，分詞為現(xiàn)在分詞；原從句為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，分詞為過去分詞。 ①When walking in the street, I met my teacher.(＝When I was walking in the street.) 當(dāng)我正在街上走的時(shí)候，我遇見了我的老師。 ②The ball will hit others if thrown out of window(＝. if it is thrown out of window)． 這球會打到其他人如果它被扔到窗外的話。,③If necessary, I'll give you the answer. (＝If it is necessary，I'll give you the answer.) 如果有必要，我會把答案給你們。,活學(xué)活用 (1)(2014·湖南，21)Children，when________ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. A．to be accompanied B．to accompany C．a(chǎn)ccompanying D．a(chǎn)ccompanied 答案：D 考查非謂語動詞。由when可知所填詞做題干的時(shí)間狀語，邏輯主語是題干的主語children，所填詞與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)。,(2)If ________， I'll give you the chance. A．be possible B．is possible C．will be possible D．possible 答案：D 句意：如果可能的話，我將給你這個(gè)機(jī)會。此題考查狀語從句中的省略，補(bǔ)全應(yīng)該是“If it is possible”，根據(jù)省略原則，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。,4．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 第二天早上，天還不太熱，我就早早地起床了。 before作連詞表示時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)其在句中的實(shí)際情況，譯法有多種，具體可譯為： ①在……之前 We lived in Paris before moving to London. 我們搬到倫敦之前住在巴黎。 ②……(之后)才…… It was a long time before I got to sleep again. 很長一段時(shí)間之后我才重新入睡。,③(不多久)就…… It wasn't long before she came back. 不久她就回來了。 ④以免…… Lock your bike before it gets stolen. 鎖好你的自行車，以免被偷。 ⑤還沒來得及……就…… Before John stopped her, she ran out. 約翰還沒來得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。,活學(xué)活用 (1)(2014·安徽，25)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”． A．before B．a(chǎn)fter C．since D．while 答案：A 考查連詞。句意：單詞“好的”變化了幾次之后最后包括了“令人愉快的”這個(gè)感覺。before在此處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為：在……之后。,(2)(2014·陜西，24)The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names. A．while B．before C．a(chǎn)fter D．since 答案：B 本題考查連詞。句意：我還沒來得及問他們姓名，送回我丟失錢包的那對夫婦就離開了。before“在……之前”；while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；after“在……之后”；since“從……以來”。,5．For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes's habitat in the evening, as the temperature was starting to cool. 第二次試驗(yàn)時(shí)，我把碗和冰塊再次凍好，但在傍晚氣溫開始下降的時(shí)候把它們放在蛇穴的上方。 本句中but連接兩個(gè)并列的動作freeze和place；as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。as在英語中起的作用很多，它可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、方式狀語從句、定語從句等。當(dāng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)意為“雖然，盡管”，須用倒裝語序。,As he grew older, he became less patient. 他年齡越大變得越?jīng)]有耐心。 As everybody is here，let's begin. 既然大家都到了，咱們開始吧。 Young as I am (＝Although I'm young), I know a lot. 盡管我年齡小，我知道很多東西。,比較網(wǎng)站 when, while與as,When the earthquake broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly. 當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時(shí)，所有的學(xué)生正在熟睡。 The telephone rang while I was taking a bath. 我在洗澡時(shí)電話響了。 They talked as they walked along the river. 他們沿著河邊走邊談。,活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)當(dāng)她感覺到滴到她雙手上的血液時(shí)，一陣恐懼突然遍布了她全身。 A sudden chill of horror swept over her ______ ______ ________ ________ ________ ________ upon her hands. (2)事情就如你喜歡的那樣。 It is just ________ ________ ________. (3)約翰一邊工作一邊唱歌。 John sings ________ ________ ________.,(4)雖然我很喜歡它，但我不會買的，因?yàn)樘F了。 ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I won't buy, for it's too expensive. 答案：(1)as/when she felt the blood drip (2)as you like (3)as he works (4)Much as I like it,6．Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? 你知道發(fā)明者在他們的發(fā)明得到認(rèn)可之前要經(jīng)歷哪些階段嗎？ have their invention approved構(gòu)成“have＋賓語＋過去分詞(即have＋復(fù)合賓語)”結(jié)構(gòu)。其詳細(xì)用法為： (1)表示動作的被動(動作已經(jīng)完成) We had the machine repaired. 我們請人把機(jī)器修好了。,(2)表示動作的被動(動作還未發(fā)生；此時(shí)，不能采用to be done形式) He was talking about having central heating put in. Did he have it put in in the end? 他那會兒總說要找人裝暖氣。到底裝上了沒有？ (3)表示動作的被動(動作正在發(fā)生) I can't ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment. 這一周我不能請你來吃飯了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在我正讓人刷房子呢。,(4)表示意外或不幸遭遇(動作已經(jīng)完成) He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance to pick it. 他樹上的果子還沒來得及摘就被人偷掉了。 知識拓展 (1)have＋賓語＋現(xiàn)在分詞 ①讓……一直處于某狀態(tài) He had us laughing all through the meal. 在吃飯期間，他讓我們笑個(gè)不停。 ②表示預(yù)期的目標(biāo) Will you really have her driving in three days? 你真的能在三天之內(nèi)就教會她開車嗎？,③表示不愿引起的后果 If you give all-night parties，you'll have the neighbours complaining. 你如果舉辦通宵晚會，會搞得鄰居們都抱怨你的。 ④與won't/can't連用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事” I won't have him sitting down to dinner in his overalls. I make him change them. 我不允許他穿著工作服就坐下吃飯。我要他換衣服。,(2)have＋賓語＋(不帶to)不定式 ①The teachers have us leave to do the homework. 老師讓我們留下來做作業(yè)。 ②I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park. 我要他在公園門口等我。,活學(xué)活用 (1)T