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分類號
密級
無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書
題 目 PLC在高樓供水系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用
英文并列題目 A Constant Pressure Water Supply System in Building Based on PLC＆Inverter
學(xué)生姓名： 翟福建
專 業(yè)： 機電一體化技術(shù)
指導(dǎo)教師： 劉必柱
職 稱： 高級工程師
畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書提交日期 2008年4月 12號 地址： 無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院
無錫職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書
目 錄
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1PLC 的用途與特點………………………………………………………………………3
第二章 系統(tǒng)組成及控制要求……………………………………………………………………6
2.1系統(tǒng)簡介…………………………………………………………………………………6
2.2系統(tǒng)組成…………………………………………………………………………………6
2.3控制要求及技術(shù)指標……………………………………………………………………6
2.4變頻器的技術(shù)參數(shù)………………………………………………………………………7
第三章 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計……………………………………………………………………………8
3.1確定控制方案……………………………………………………………………………8
3.1.1抽水泵系統(tǒng)………………………………………………………………………9
3.1.2半自動運行………………………………………………………………………9
3.1.3手動………………………………………………………………………………9
3.1.4 加壓泵系統(tǒng)……………………………………………………………………10
3.1.5 系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)功能…………………………………………………………………10
3.2主電路設(shè)計………………………………………………………………………………10
3.3PLC的接線圖…………………………………………………………………………… 11
3.4控制電路圖………………………………………………………………………………11
3.5程序設(shè)計…………………………………………………………………………………11
第四章 PLC選型分析………………………………………………………………………………12
4.1硬件設(shè)置…………………………………………………………………………………12
4.2系統(tǒng)軟件…………………………………………………………………………………12
4.3PLC的I/O分配……………………………………………………………………………13
4.4PLC主要技術(shù)條件分析……………………………………………………………………13
4.5PID應(yīng)用及介紹……………………………………………………………………………14
4.6PID計算……………………………………………………………………………………16
4.7PLC系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)分析…………………………………………………………………………17
第五章 結(jié)束語……………………………………………………………………………………18
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………………………19
PLC在高樓供水系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用
摘要
本文分析了變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)在恒壓供水系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用，提出了以PLC+變頻器相結(jié)合的恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案，并介紹了系統(tǒng)組成及工作原理。
關(guān)鍵詞：變頻器 恒壓供水系統(tǒng)
A Constant Pressure Water Supply System in Building Based on PLC＆Inverter
Abstract
This paper introduces the technique features of inverter for a constant pressure water supply system,analyzes a control system with PLC＆inverter control,and discussed the control system and its working principles.
Key Words: inverter constant pressure water supply system
III
外文翻譯資料
西門子—無限創(chuàng)新 推動世界
總部位于柏林和慕尼黑的西門子公司是世界上最大的電氣工程和電子公司之一。自從公司成立以來，可持續(xù)性就一直是西門子公司的顯著特征。在西門子，可持續(xù)性意味著長期的經(jīng)濟成功以及一個好的企業(yè)公民所應(yīng)具備的環(huán)境意識和社會責任感。2005財年（截止于9月30日），公司在全球擁有大約461,000名雇員，實現(xiàn)銷售額754.45億歐元，凈收入30.58億歐元。其中80%的銷售額來自德國境外。
西門子是一家大型國際公司，其業(yè)務(wù)遍及全球190多個國家，在全世界擁有大約600家工廠、研發(fā)中心和銷售辦事處。公司的業(yè)務(wù)主要集中于6大領(lǐng)域：信息和通訊、自動化和控制、電力、交通、醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)和照明。西門子的全球業(yè)務(wù)運營分別由13個業(yè)務(wù)集團負責，其中包括西門子財務(wù)服務(wù)有限公司和西門子房地資產(chǎn)管理集團。此外，西門子還擁有兩家合資企業(yè)——博世－西門子家用電器集團和富士通西門子計算機（控股）公司。
西門子在電氣工程和電子領(lǐng)域擁有完善的業(yè)務(wù)組合。西門子的業(yè)務(wù)活動受到各種地區(qū)和行業(yè)因素的影響。除了國際性業(yè)務(wù)（如發(fā)電、輸配電、醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)和交通技術(shù)集團，這些業(yè)務(wù)一般擁有較長的業(yè)務(wù)周期）之外，其他領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù)（如通信集團和歐司朗的消費品業(yè)務(wù)和自動化與驅(qū)動集團的資本品業(yè)務(wù)）易受短期商情趨勢和當時經(jīng)濟狀況的影響。良好的業(yè)務(wù)組合幫助西門子從容應(yīng)對2005財年艱難商業(yè)環(huán)境帶來的嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。 此外，我們的業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域還能充分體現(xiàn)未來發(fā)展的大趨勢。目前，西門子正在研發(fā)新的解決方案，以迎接未來來自衛(wèi)生、能源、水處理、通信、交通、安防、物流和自動化領(lǐng)域的挑戰(zhàn)。
作為一家全球性公司，西門子充分發(fā)揮其多種業(yè)務(wù)組合的協(xié)力優(yōu)勢，以公司總體戰(zhàn)略為指針，架構(gòu)明確，職責分明，積極為當?shù)貏?chuàng)造價值。公司的傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢在于其創(chuàng)新能力、客戶為本、全球性業(yè)務(wù)以及財務(wù)實力。
西門子的業(yè)務(wù)活動主要集中在全球電氣市場，該市場2005年的市場總量達26,900億歐元。隨著目前世界經(jīng)濟的降溫，預(yù)計2006年全球電氣、電子市場的增幅將略有下降。但以其近7.5%的增速，該市場仍將保持其長期增長勢頭。
對于一家電氣工程和電子領(lǐng)域的世界級公司而言，創(chuàng)新是其首要工作。2005年，為了保持技術(shù)的領(lǐng)先，公司在研發(fā)領(lǐng)域投資52億歐元。2004財年，西門子的研發(fā)人員共實現(xiàn)了約8,800項發(fā)明，比上一年度增長了7%， 其中三分之二申請了專利。在專利領(lǐng)域，西門子在德國高居榜首，在歐洲名列第二，在美國則躋身十強行列。在西門子近47,000名研發(fā)人員中，大多數(shù)從事軟件項目的開發(fā)，這使得西門子成為世界上最大的軟件研發(fā)機構(gòu)之一。西門子還致力于不斷增加其服務(wù)、解決方案和系統(tǒng)的種類，以進一步完善其產(chǎn)品組合。
西門子透明、負責的管理和監(jiān)控體系是公司實現(xiàn)持續(xù)性增長的保證，同時也是西門子及其業(yè)務(wù)政策贏得和保持信譽的必不可少的條件。西門子一直非常重視尊重和保護股東的權(quán)利，總是及時、毫無隱瞞地向他們提供公司的信息，以確保公司管理委員會和監(jiān)事會之間的密切合作，并且西門子還始終堅持遵守國際和各國的法規(guī)法則。作為一個優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)公民，我們還致力于幫助提高業(yè)務(wù)所在國的人民的生活水平，支持年輕一代的教育和培訓(xùn)，緩和社會問題和弘揚當?shù)氐乃囆g(shù)文化。
西門子擁有900,000多名股東，是世界上最大的上市公司之一。公司超過55%的股本募集于德國境外。從2001年3月開始，西門子股票在紐約證券交易所（NYSE）掛牌交易。
致力成為中國優(yōu)秀企業(yè)公民
致力成為優(yōu)秀企業(yè)公民是西門子的核心價值觀之一。這一價值觀是基于公司的行為對其所在的社會有著廣泛的影響， 同時社會的發(fā)展也影響著公司追求業(yè)務(wù)成功的能力這一理念之上。 因此，西門子積極處理其公司活動對經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的影響，并且通過和當?shù)厣鐖F、政府機構(gòu)及其它相關(guān)部門的合作實現(xiàn)長遠利益。
西門子在中國的早期企業(yè)公民活動可以追溯到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)， 當時西門子在南京的業(yè)務(wù)代表以及國際安全區(qū)主席約翰?拉貝為南京大屠殺期間超過250，000名中國難民提供了人道主義援助，并借助西門子南京的地界向他們提供避難場所。多年來，西門子為中國構(gòu)建和諧社會作了許多積極貢獻， 所參與的企業(yè)公民活動包括教育和培訓(xùn)、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、環(huán)境保護、公益事業(yè)、賑災(zāi)以及員工志愿者活動六大領(lǐng)域。
西門子所有的企業(yè)公民活動都通過其兩大項目“西門子?攜手關(guān)愛” 和 “西門子?點燃未來”執(zhí)行?！拔鏖T子?攜手關(guān)愛”包括志愿者服務(wù)、社會公益和賑災(zāi)，體現(xiàn)了西門子及其員工是優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)公民?！拔鏖T子?點燃未來” 包含了針對學(xué)前、中學(xué)和大學(xué)的教育活動，旨在幫助未來的科學(xué)家和工程師。
通過支持年輕一代的教育和培訓(xùn)，西門子為他們鋪設(shè)好美麗的未來。多年來，西門子不僅為中國貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校捐贈了教學(xué)設(shè)備、書本和文具，而且還未它們提供了財政援助。2004年，籍著在華一百周年慶典之際，西門子資助了100名來自貧困和困難家庭的孩子的教育。同時，西門子還大力支持中國的大學(xué)教育。2005年和2006年間，西門子自動化與驅(qū)動集團向中國十所重點大學(xué)捐贈了總價值超過1000萬元人民幣的自動化系統(tǒng)，以支持中國高校建立ASEA（中國自動化系統(tǒng)工程認證）技能測試中心，提高教育和科研水平。2007年，西門子與南京信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院簽署合作協(xié)議，共同設(shè)立“西門子機電一體化系統(tǒng)認證課程”（SMSCP），旨在進一步促進中國職業(yè)教育的發(fā)展。
由于醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生對社會的和諧發(fā)展至關(guān)重要，西門子把支持醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生衛(wèi)生的發(fā)展及捐贈先進醫(yī)療設(shè)備給有需要的地方作為公司的一大重點。2006年5月，西門子向中國殘疾人福利基金會捐贈總價值超過千萬人民幣的先進數(shù)字助聽器共2000套。迄今為止，已有超過四萬聽覺障礙患者受益于西門子的不懈努力。
西門子非常重視這個業(yè)務(wù)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護，并致力于環(huán)境保護和為可持續(xù)發(fā)展作貢獻。例如，2005年，西門子向三峽水庫區(qū)“綠色工程”提供了資金支持。
西門子參與的公益事業(yè)多種多樣，旨在支持社會的和諧發(fā)展及穩(wěn)定。2005年12月，西門子中國、江蘇博西家用電器銷售有限公司、德意志聯(lián)邦共和國駐上?？傤I(lǐng)事館和南京大學(xué)共同修復(fù)位于南京的約翰拉貝故居，總費用達到225萬元人民幣，修繕一新的拉貝故居于2006年10月31日正式對外開放。自2002年起，西門子電氣傳動有限公司向天津的一家養(yǎng)老院捐款累計超過100萬元，以為老年人提供更好的服務(wù)和照顧。
在賑災(zāi)方面，西門子為許多緊急事件的發(fā)生提供了快速和有效的援助。在抗擊非典期間，西門子向中國捐贈了總價值為700萬元的17臺呼吸肌和200部手機。2005年末江西地震后，西門子組織員工開展向災(zāi)民捐贈過冬衣物以及其他御寒必需品的活動。
西門子鼓勵和支持員工運用自身的知識和技能向有需要的人提供志愿者服務(wù)。2006年, 西門子迎來了“點燃未來”計劃實施5周年，5年來，西門子廣東的員工志愿者幫助廣東不發(fā)達地區(qū)的老師和學(xué)生們建立了多間圖書室和計算機室，并且向他們提供了計算機和英語方面的培訓(xùn)。
西門子積極履行企業(yè)公民責任受到了廣泛的認可并且屢獲殊榮，2004至2006年連續(xù)三年獲得“光明企業(yè)公民獎”。并且在2005年和2006年兩年獲得了21世紀經(jīng)濟報道頒發(fā)的 “中國最佳企業(yè)公民獎”，今年西門子又榮膺“2006最佳企業(yè)公眾形象”、“2006最佳社會責任年度企業(yè)”兩項大獎。
Siemens–Global network of innovation
Siemens, headquartered in Berlin and Munich, is one of the world's largest electrical engineering and electronics companies. Sustainability has been a hallmark of the company ever since it's founding more than 155 years ago. At Siemens, sustainability means long-term economic success coupled with environmental awareness and the social responsibility that goes with being a good corporate citizen. In fiscal 2005 (ended September 30), the company had roughly 461,000 employees and posted sales of €75.445 billion from continuing operations. Net income for the year totaled €3.058 billion. Siemens generates around 80 percent of its sales outside of Germany.
With activities in more than 190 countries and some 600 plants, research facilities and sales offices worldwide, Siemens has a strong international presence. Company businesses are focused on six key areas: Information and Communications, Automation and Control, Power, Transportation, Medical and Lighting. Global business operations at Siemens are the responsibility of 13 Groups, including the financing arm and Siemens Real Estate. In addition, Siemens is also a partner in joint ventures – with Bosch in the household appliances sector (BSH Bosch-Siemens Hausger?te) and with Fujitsu in computer systems (Fujitsu Siemens Computers).
The company has a well-balanced business portfolio in the field of electrical engineering and electronics. Siemens' activities are influenced by a variety of regional and sector-specific factors. In addition to internationally oriented businesses, such as Power Generation, Power Transmission and Distribution, Medical Solutions and Transportation Systems, which are generally subject to long-term business cycles, other sectors – for example, the consumer goods businesses in legally separate parts of Information and Communications and Osram, and the capital goods business of the Automation and Drives Group – are subject to short-term business trends and immediate economic conditions. A well-balanced portfolio helped Siemens master the challenges posed by the difficult business environment of fiscal 2005.
Moreover, our six business areas reflect the megatrends of the future. Siemens is developing solutions for the major challenges of the future in the fields of healthcare, energy, water, communications, mobility, security, logistics and automation.
As a global network of innovation, Siemens successfully leverages synergies across its broad portfolio and operates with a central strategic orientation and decentralized entrepreneurial responsibilities and organizational structures, combined with local value creation. The company's traditional strengths are its power of innovation, its strong customer focus, its global presence and its financial solidity.
Siemens' activities are focused on the world electrical market, which has an annual volume of roughly €2.690 trillion in 2005. As a result of the expected slight cooling of the world economy, the pace of growth in the global electrical and electronics market could slow somewhat in 2006. At roughly 7.5%, however, it should still lie in the long-term growth corridor. .
Innovation is a top priority for a world-class company in the field of electrical engineering and electronics. In 2005, the company invested €5.2 billion in R&D in order to remain at the forefront of technology. Last fiscal year, Siemens researchers and developers turned out around 8,800 inventions – a 7% increase – and applied for patents for two-thirds of them. The company is the largest patent applicant in Germany, is in second place in Europe, and among the top ten in the United States. Most of Siemens' approximately 47,000 researchers and developers are working on software projects, making the company one of the world's largest software houses. Siemens continues to concentrate on expanding the range of services, solutions and systems that complement its product portfolio.
Transparent and responsible company management and monitoring structures – oriented toward achieving sustainable growth in company value – are indispensable for earning and maintaining trust in Siemens and its business policies. Siemens has traditionally attached great importance to respecting and protecting shareholders' rights, providing transparent and timely information about the company, and ensuring close cooperation between its Managing and Supervisory Boards. International and national corporate governance standards have long been complied with. As a good corporate citizen, we also help improve the quality of life wherever we operate. We support the education and training of youth, work to alleviate social problems, and promote the arts and culture.
With over 900,000 shareholders, Siemens is one of the world's largest public corporations. Just over 55 percent of the company's share capital is held outside of Germany. Since March 2001, Siemens shares have also been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
Committed to Good Corporate Citizenship in China
A strong commitment to good Corporate Citizenship is a core value of Siemens that Is based on the recognition that the company’s activities have a wider impact on the society in which it operates, and that developments in society in turn impact the company’s ability to pursue its business successfully. Siemens therefore actively manages the economic, social and environment impact of its activities, and realizes long-term benefits by working with local communities, government organizations and other key stake holders.
Examples of Siemens’s early corporate citizenship activities in China can be traced back to the Second World War, when Mr. John Rabe, then Siemens business representative in Nanjing and Chairman of the Nanjing International Safety Zone, provided humanitarian aid and shelter for over 250,00 Chinese refugees at Siemens’ property in Nanjing during the “ Nanjing Massacre”. Over the years, the company has been actively contributing to help construct a harmonious society in China by engaging in a large variety of corporate citizenship activities in six core areas including education and training, health care, environmental protection, public welfare, disaster relief as well as employee volunteering.
All of Siemens corporate citizenship activities are executed under the company’s two global umbrella programs “Siemens Caring Hands” and “Siemens Generation21”. “Siemens Caring Hands”, comprises Volunteerism, Social Programs and Disaster Relief to show Siemens and its people as good corporate citizens. “Siemens Geration21”, comprises education activities for pre-schools, schools and universities to help nurture tomorrow’s scientists and engineers.
By supporting young people in education and training, Siemens paves their way to a better future. Over the years, the company donated teaching equipment, books and stationery as well as providing financial aid to many schools located in the poor rural areas of China. In 2004, on the occasion of Siemens 100th anniversary in China, Siemens sponsored the education of 100 children from poor and disadvantaged families. Siemens also supports university education in China. Most recently, in 2005 and 2006, the Siemens Automation & Drives Group provided automation systems to 10 of China’s leading universities worth over 10 million RMB for the construction of Automation System Engineer Accreditation Competence Centers. In 2007, to further promote the development of China’s professional education, Siemens and Nanjing College of Information Technology (NJCIT) signed a cooperation agreement to jointly set up “Siemens Mechatronic Systems Certification Program” (SMSCP).
Given the importance of healthcare in Siemens business activities, contributing to the development of healthcare in China and assisting those in need with donations of advanced medical equipment is a special priority. In May 2006, Siemens donated 2,000 advanced digital hearing aids valued over RMB 10 million to the China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped. To date, over 40,000 hearing-impaired people have benefited from Siemens’ contribution.
With a focus on sustainability and environmental protection throughout the entire business scope, Siemens works to protect the environment and contribute to sustainable development. For example, in 2005, Siemens provided financial assistance to the “Green-up Project” of the Three Gorges Reservoir.
Public welfare activities are manifold and aim to support equitable development and social stability. In December 2005, Siemens, Jiangsu BS Home Appliances Sales Co., Ltd., the Consulate General of the Federal Republic of Germany in Shanghai and Nanjing University jointly funded the renovation of the John Rabe House in Nanjing, which was officially open to the public on October 31 2006. The total renovation cost amounted to RMB 2.25 million. Since 2002, Siemens Electrical Drives Ltd. donated more than RMB 1 million to an Elderly People’s Home in Tianjin to ensure better service and care for senior citizens.
In the area of disaster relief, Siemens offers quick and effective aid in cases of acute need and emergencies. During the battle against SARS, Siemens donated 17 medical ventilators and 200 mobile phones valued at 7 million RMB to China. In the aftermath of the Jiangxi earthquake in late 2005, the company initiated a donation drive to collect winter clothing and other necessities from employees to help the victims.
Siemens encourages and supports employees to provide volunteering services to help those in need with their knowledge and skills. For example, in 2006, Siemens celebrated the 5th year anniversary of “Enlightening the Future“ program, under which Siemens Guangdong volunteers helped to establish libraries and PC labs and provide PC and English training to both teachers and students in the under-developed areas of Guangdong for 5 years.
Siemens engagement in corporate citizenship is publicly recognized through high profile awards like the “Guangming Corporate Citizenship Award” by Guangming Daily received from 2004 to 2006,”China Best Citizenship Conduct Award” by the 21 Century Business Herald received in 2005 and 2006,”The Best Enterprise Public Image Award 2006” and “The Best Enterprise for Corporate Social Responsibility Award 2006” by Guanghua Media in 2007.
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