球閥設(shè)計(jì)大致過程.doc
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本科課程設(shè)計(jì) 題 目: 過程流體機(jī)械課程設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院: 機(jī)械與自動(dòng)控制學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級(jí): 過程裝備與控制工程 姓 名: 學(xué) 號(hào): 二O一六年七月 目 錄 摘 要 · ·························································I 第一章 工作原理和設(shè)計(jì)方法········································· 1 1.1 工作原理··················································· 1 1.2 設(shè)計(jì)方法··················································· 1 1.2.1 球閥結(jié)構(gòu)·················································· 1 1.2.2 球閥材料·················································· 2 1.2.3 閥體················································ 3 1.2.4 球體················································ 4 1.2.5 閥桿················································ 4 第二章 球閥尺寸計(jì)算················································6 2.1 閥體······················································· 6 2.2 閥桿······················································· 6 2.2.1 閥桿尺寸··········································· 6 2.3 球體尺寸計(jì)算··············································· 6 2.4 密封比壓··················································· 6 2.5 球閥轉(zhuǎn)矩··················································· 9 2.6 法蘭螺栓校核·············································· 10 2.7 法蘭選型·················································· 11 第三章 數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算方法········································· 12 3.1 數(shù)學(xué)模型···················································12 3.2 網(wǎng)格劃分···················································13 3.3 邊界條件···················································14 3.4 CFD使用步驟················································14 第四章 管道內(nèi)流體模擬結(jié)果分析····································· 15 4.1 球閥在不同相對(duì)開度時(shí)的速度分析······························· 15 4.2 球閥在不同相對(duì)開度時(shí)的壓力分析······························· 16 4.3 球閥在不同相對(duì)開度時(shí)的流量系數(shù)分析··························· 17 第五章 總結(jié)······················································· 參考文獻(xiàn)·························································· 摘要 本學(xué)期過程流體機(jī)械,我組所做課程設(shè)計(jì)為V型球閥。V型球閥屬于固定球閥,也是單閥座密封球閥,調(diào)節(jié)性能在球閥中比較有優(yōu)勢(shì)。本設(shè)計(jì)說明根據(jù)已知的球法者及經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)DN100mm,PN 1MPa的球閥進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),主要包括了材料選擇,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),尺寸計(jì)算,強(qiáng)度校核,三維建模,CFD數(shù)值模擬分析等。并且,盡量式結(jié)構(gòu)在滿足其工藝要求的前提下,降低結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性。 本設(shè)計(jì)中,根據(jù)老師給定的數(shù)據(jù)和已知條件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),并根據(jù)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)進(jìn)行選材。設(shè)計(jì)期間用到了solidworks進(jìn)行三維建模,并建立了流道圖,用到了gambit進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,設(shè)置邊界條件,用fluent進(jìn)行對(duì)不同開度時(shí)的流道進(jìn)行壓力和速度分析并獲得相應(yīng)云圖。通過以上軟件完成對(duì)V型球閥的分析計(jì)算。并未以后的相應(yīng)工作打好相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)。 關(guān)鍵詞:結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),尺寸計(jì)算,強(qiáng)度校核,數(shù)值分析 第一章 工作原理及設(shè)計(jì)方法 1.1 工作原理 具有與截止閥相同的旋轉(zhuǎn)90度提動(dòng)作,不同的是旋塞體是球體,有錐形通孔或通道通過其軸線。當(dāng)球旋轉(zhuǎn)90度時(shí),在進(jìn)、出口處應(yīng)全部呈現(xiàn)球面,從而截?cái)嗔鲃?dòng)。球閥的主要特點(diǎn)是本身結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,易于操作和維修,適用于水、溶劑、酸和天然氣等一般工作介質(zhì),而且還適用于工作條件惡劣的介質(zhì),如氧氣、過氧化氫、甲烷和乙烯等。球閥閥體可以是整體的,也可以是組合式的。V型球閥是中央有通孔的球作開關(guān)的閥門,傳統(tǒng)上分為浮動(dòng)V型球閥和軸耳固定V型球閥兩種。浮動(dòng)V型球閥的開關(guān)球經(jīng)閥座密封對(duì)接在閥體中轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到通孔與通道口對(duì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)為全通,轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到通孔與通道口成一定角度時(shí)為全閉。 浮動(dòng)V型球閥的開關(guān)球通過槽與操作閥桿相連,在介質(zhì)壓力作用下,可相對(duì)閥桿或閥體浮動(dòng)在下游閥座上,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)閉密封。軸耳固定V型球閥的開關(guān)球通過以閥桿為軸的軸耳固定在閥體上,在介質(zhì)壓力作用下,不可相對(duì)閥體浮動(dòng),只能通過上游閥座的浮動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)閉密封。因此,浮動(dòng)V型球閥的閥座可以是固定閥座,軸耳固定V型球閥的閥座是浮動(dòng)閥座??偨Y(jié):V型球閥座的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能可通過閥座的截面基準(zhǔn)等邊三角形來控制和調(diào)整,因此,凡V型球閥座皆可按等邊三角截面法設(shè)計(jì),首先按結(jié)構(gòu)和性能基本需要確定其截面基準(zhǔn)等邊三角形,然后以截面基準(zhǔn)等邊三角形為截面要素、截面成分或截面輪廓確定閥座截面,最后按具體需要選擇材料。實(shí)際上,按等邊三角截面法設(shè)計(jì),V型球閥座和開關(guān)球一同變得極易標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,而一旦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后,V型球閥座和球的設(shè)計(jì)僅在于按介質(zhì)和介質(zhì)壓力簡(jiǎn)單確定材料。(等邊三角形截面法) 1.2 設(shè)計(jì)方法 1.2.1 球閥結(jié)構(gòu) 1.2.2 球閥材料 球閥材料根據(jù)公稱壓力選用,由球閥設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算手冊(cè)查得可選 灰鑄鐵 HT 150 。如圖示: 閥體選用HT150 σL=21.5 MPa σW=40MPa τ=11MPa 1.2.3 閥體 閥體為二分式閥體,法蘭連接,材料為HT150 設(shè)計(jì)初始條件 口徑:25mm 壓差:5000Pa 進(jìn)口壓力:0.1MPa 公稱壓力PN=1MPa 閥體壁厚設(shè)計(jì): tB'=5.892mm 所以 附加余量c = 5mm 所以tB=6mm 1.2.4 球體 確定球體直徑: 對(duì)于通孔球徑,球體半徑一般按R=(0.8~0.95)d計(jì)算 對(duì)小口徑R取相對(duì)大值,反之取較小值為了保證球體表面能完全覆蓋閥座密封面,選定球徑后,須按下式校核: Dmin=D22-d2 R=24mm 根據(jù)以上可選球徑為R=24mm,A=10mm,H=6mm。 1.2.4 閥桿 閥桿的確定可由球體的直徑來確定,由球體直徑D=48mm,查閥門設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)可選閥桿: 第二章 球閥尺寸計(jì)算 2.1 閥體 口徑:25mm 壓差:5000Pa 進(jìn)口壓力:0.1MPa 公稱壓力PN=1MPa tB'=5.892mm 所以 附加余量c = 5mm 所以tB=6mm 2.2 閥桿 2.2.1 閥桿尺寸: 由上述方法可計(jì)算: 對(duì)于球徑R=24mm的球,可選用閥桿尺寸為:d=12mm, SR=50mm, h=5mm, d0=16mm, b=8mm。 2.3球體尺寸計(jì)算: 根據(jù)1.2.4可計(jì)算得球體的尺寸: 對(duì)于通孔球徑,球體半徑一般按R=(0.8~0.95)d計(jì)算 對(duì)小口徑R取相對(duì)大值,反之取較小值 。 為了保證球體表面能完全覆蓋閥座密封面,選定球徑后,須按下式校核 Dmin=D22-d2 R=24mm 根據(jù)以上可選球徑為R=24mm,A=10mm,H=6mm。 2.4密封比壓確定 當(dāng) qMF下載提示(請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀)
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