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1、名詞性從句:包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。,名詞性從句,一、怎樣確定引導詞?,句1意為:好消息是冠軍賽將在國家體育館鳥巢舉行。答案為C。 句2意為:不知你是否讀過悲劇李爾王。答案為C。 句3意為:明天就是布魯斯的生日了。你知道生日聚會在哪里舉行 嗎?答案為D。,由此,我們可以得出什么結(jié)論?,名詞性從句的引導詞是根據(jù)從句的意思來選擇的。如果名詞性從句 的意思不完整,就用wh-word引導 (如句2和句3)。如果名詞性從句 的意思已經(jīng)完整,就用that引導 (如句1)。,The good news is ___ the Race of Championships(ROC) w
2、ill be held in the Birds Nest, the National Stadium. A. what B. which C. that D. how 2. Im wondering ___ you ever read the tragedy King Lear. A. that B. what C. if D. how 3. Tomorrow is Bruces birthday. Have you got any idea ___ the party is to be held? A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where,二、用that還是用w
3、hat?,句1:介詞about后的賓語從句中do和think缺賓語,所以用what。 句2:根據(jù)句意“有人告訴我溫總理在北京兒童醫(yī)院看望了甲流病 人和醫(yī)護人員”可以判定is前是主語從句,從句中涉及sb. be told sth.結(jié)構,所以從句中缺賓語,要用what;is后是表語從句, 從句的意思已經(jīng)完整,所以用that。答案1.A,2. C。,what和that的區(qū)別在于:what在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或表語, 而that在名詞性從句中不作成分,只起連接作用,沒有實意。換句 話說,如果名詞性從句中缺主語、賓語或表語,要用what;如果從 句中不缺成分,意思已經(jīng)完整,就用that。,Im h
4、is good friend, and I can make guesses about ___ he will do or think. A. whatB. which C. whomD. that 2. ____ I have been told is ____ Premier Wen visited A/H1N1 patients and medical staff at the Beijing Childrens Hospital in Beijing A. That; that B. That; what C. What; that D. What; what
5、,三、何時不能省略that?,我們先來判定下列句中的that是否能省略。 1. That Zhang Yining married a millionaire is known to us all. 2. The reason why I come here is that I want to see you. 3. Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?,答案:都不能省略。,原因如下: (1) 主語從句置于句首時,其引導詞that不能省略。 (2) that引導表語從句時,不能省略。 (3) tha
6、t引導同位語從句時,不能省略。 另外,當及物動詞后跟一個that引導的賓語從句時,that可以省略; 跟兩個或兩個以上that引導的賓語從句時,第二個以及后面的that 不能省略。,四、用whether還是用if?,請用whether和if填寫下面四個句子: 1. It depends on ____ you can do the work well. 2. ____ he could live on depended on his desire for survival. 3. It hasnt been decided __ well go to Qingdao Underwater Wo
7、rld. 4. I am wondering ____ you could give me a hand.,表示“是否”時,介詞后面的賓語從句只能用whether引導,不能 用if引導;置于句首的主語從句只能用whether引導,不能用if引 導;置于句末的主語從句,既可以用whether引導,也可以用if引 導;及物動詞后的賓語從句,既可以用whether引導,也可以用 if引導。,所以,句1中介詞on后面的賓語從句只能用whether引導,不能用 if引導;句2中置于句首的主語從句只能用whether引導,不能用if 引導;句3中置于句末的主語從句既可以用whether引導,也可以 用if
8、引導;句4中及物動詞wonder后面的賓語從句既可以用whether 引導,也可以用if引導。,五、是同位語從句還是定語從句?,請判定下面兩個句子中分別含有什么從句。 1. We were all happy to hear the news that he told us. 2. We were all happy to hear the news that the 11th National Games came to a successful close on Wednesday.,答案:句1中含有that引導的定語從句,修飾the news。句2中含有 that引導的同位語從句
9、,解釋說明the news。,同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別在于: 同位語從句是對前面名詞的解釋說明(如句2);定語從句是后 置定語,是對前面名詞的修飾和限定(如句1)。 that引導同位語從句時,只起連接作用,沒有實意,不充當任何 句子成分,不能省略(如句2);that引導定語從句時,替代先行詞, 在句中作主語、賓語或表語,作賓語時可以省略(如句1)。,六、用陳述句語序還是疑問句語序?,名詞性從句用陳述句語序,還是用疑問句語序呢?先做下面兩道題。 1. Where ____ go for a picnic this weekend? Where ____ go for a picnic thi
10、s weekend has not been decided. A. shall we; shall we B. shall we; we shall C. we shall; shall we D. we shall; we shall 2. Where do you suppose ____ the lecture to us? A. will the professor give B. the professor will give C. would the professor give D. that the professor will give,答案:1. B 2. B
11、。,特殊疑問詞的構成是:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句。名詞性從句 都用陳述句語序。特殊疑問句中含有do you think/ believe/ expect /suppose等插入語時,這些插入語后面的句子要用陳述句語序。,所以,句1中:空一所在句為特殊疑問句,要用疑問句語序shall we; 空二所在句為主語從句,要用陳述句語序we shall。句2中:空格前 面有do you suppose插入語,所以空格處要用陳述句語序the professor will give。,七、怎樣對待從句中的插入語?,名詞性從句中的插入語是用來增加干擾性,增加題目難度的。做題 時只要把插入語看出來,將其去掉不看,
12、問題就明朗化容易解決了。 Dont you know, my dear friend, ____ it is what you have rather than you that she loves? A. what B. which C. that D. as 2. He told me the news, believe it or not, ____ Noriko Sakai admitted taking drugs. A. what B. that C. which D. whether,分析:句1:my dear friend是插入語,將其去掉后,不難看出know 后面是一個
13、賓語從句。由于從句的結(jié)構和意思都已完整,所以用 that。答案為C。句意為:親愛的朋友,難道你不知道她愛的是你 擁有的東西,而不是你嗎?句2:believe it nor not是插入語,將其 去掉后,不難看出news后面是一個同位語從句。由于從句的結(jié)構 和意思都已完整,所以用that。答案為B。句意為:信不信由你, 他告訴我酒井法子承認自己吸毒了。,八、如何應對從句中的復雜結(jié)構?,He was so annoyed and spoke so fast that none of us understood ____ he said meant. A. what B. that C. wha
14、t that D. what what,要想做對這類題,必須把看似復雜的總體結(jié)構拆解成簡單明了的 小結(jié)構、小分支。 本句中,understood后面是賓語從句。從句中what he said“他 說的話”是一部分,在從句中作主語。如果把what he said視為it, 那么后面就變成____ it meant,顯然賓語從句中缺賓語(meant 缺賓語),空格處要用what。也就是說,第一個what引導賓語從 句,同時作meant的賓語,第二個what引導賓語從句中的主語從 句,同時作said的賓語。簡單地說,said和meant都缺賓語,所以 都用what。答案為D。,鞏固練習: 1. I
15、heard the good news the other day ____ the Winter Olympic flame arrived in the host country Canada on Friday. A. what B. when C. that D. if,C。 句意為:前幾天,我聽說冬奧會的火炬于周五到達主辦國加 拿大。所以空格所在的同位語從句意思已經(jīng)完整,用that引導。,,2. We all wonder, perhaps except you, ____ the wife of the professor killed by a student said s
16、he didnt hate the murderer. A. what B. that C. why D. whether,2. C。 根據(jù)句意“我們都不知道,可能除了你,為什么教授被學生殺 死后,教授的妻子卻說她不恨這個兇手”可知用why引導wonder的 賓語從句。從句與動詞之間被perhaps except you隔開。,3. ____ made me burst into laughter was ____ he had meant to take me in but was taken in. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; what
17、D. That; that,3. B 空格處的was前是主語從句,從句中缺主語,要用what;was 后是表語從句,從句的結(jié)構和意思都已完整,所以用that。句意為: 讓我大笑的是,他本想騙我但卻被騙了。,4. As I looked at the memorial, I thought about ____ terrible life was for the Jews then and ____ they were to fight the Nazis. A. how; how B. what a; how C. what; how D. how; what,4. A about后面跟了
18、兩個賓語從句。先用代入法確定空一。把how 代入空一,即為how terrible life was,結(jié)構完整;把what a代入 空一,即為what a terrible life was,was前缺主語,結(jié)構不完整。 所以空一要用how。空二所在句缺狀語,要用how,不能用what。,5. A new problem occurred when the project was carried out ____ the water could be supplied to the top of the building, 300 meters high in the sky. A. t
19、hat B. how C. what D. where,5. B 句意為:在工程進行的時候,出現(xiàn)了一個新的問題,那就是 怎樣才能把水供到大樓頂層,距地面300米的地方。此題考查分割 式同位語從句。如果選A,就表示能把水供到大樓頂層,換句話說 ,就是把水供到大樓頂層不是問題,而這與前面的“新問題”a new problem矛盾。,6. ____ well go climbing Mount Tai tomorrow depends on the weather. A. Whether B. If C. Why D. That,7. Agassi says I cant speak to addi
20、ction, but a lot of people would say ____ youre using anything as an escape, you have a problem. A. if that B. what C. that D. that if,8. As for the Yangshuo balloon explosion accident, ____ happened then remains unclear. A. that B. which C. what D. where,6. A 句意:我們明天是否去爬泰山取決于天氣;表示“是否”時, 置于句首的主語從句只能用whether引導,不能用if引導。,7. D say后面是賓語從句。賓語從句中又有主句you have a problem 和從句youre using anything as an escape。兩者之間是條件關系, 所以用if引導。答案為that if,that可以省略。句意為:阿加西說 “我不能責備上癮,但是很多人都會說如果你用什么東西來逃避, 那你就有問題了?!?8. C remains前面是主語從句,從句中缺主語,所以用what。句意: 關于陽朔氣球爆炸事故,現(xiàn)在還不清楚當時發(fā)生了什么。,