化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》.ppt

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1、化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流Writing Chemistry Papers in English and International Academic Communications,主講：黃 少 銘 教授 溫州大學(xué)化學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,課程的目的和意義(Purpose （2）同一期刊由于被收錄的數(shù)據(jù)庫不同,數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)的結(jié)果 也會(huì)明顯不同; （3）“被引用的總次數(shù)”是“正引”(肯定所引結(jié)果)還是“負(fù) 引”(否定所引結(jié)果)、 （4）是他引還是自引,在做統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)如果不加以區(qū)別, 影響因子的高低并不能絕對(duì)全面反映科技期刊學(xué)術(shù) 質(zhì)量的高低。,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,Top Journal

2、s NATURE 28.7 SCIENCE 26.4 CHEM REV 22.8 Nature Mater. 19.8 Nature Nanootech. 14.9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES 13.1 CHEM SOC REV 13.1 NAT MATER 13.5 NANO LETT 9.6 ADV MATER 8.2 MRS BULL 5.2 NANOTECHNOLOGY

3、 3.3 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT 10 J AM CHEM SOC 7.9 CHEM COMMUN 4.0 ADV FUNCT MATER 5.7 PHYS REV LETT 6.9 APPL PHYS LETT 4.1,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,Small 6.4 ORG LETT 4.2 J ORG CHEM 3.5 ANAL CHEM 5.5 MACROMOLECULES 3.8 J PHYS CHEM B

4、 4.0 J CATAL 4.1 CHEM-EUR J 4.5 LANGMUIR 3.3 J CHEM PHYS 3.1 CARBON 3.3 J PHYS CHEM A 2.6 CHEM MATER 4.1 J MATER CHEM 2.7 J MATER RES 1.9 CHEM PHYS LETT 2.4 THIN SOLID FILMS 1.6 J AM CERAM SOC 1.7,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和

5、國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,據(jù) “ISI2006年度期刊引用報(bào)告（JCR）”統(tǒng)計(jì)，被SCI收錄的中國與化學(xué)有關(guān)的主要期刊及影響因子： 化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) 0.895 中國科學(xué)（B） 0.817 中國化學(xué) 0.768 高等學(xué)?；瘜W(xué)學(xué)報(bào)0.764 有機(jī)化學(xué) 0.74 結(jié)構(gòu)化學(xué) 0.734 科學(xué)通報(bào) 0.683 無機(jī)化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) 0.60 自然科學(xué)進(jìn)展0.485 物理化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) 0.407 高分子學(xué)報(bào) 0.431 分析化學(xué) 0.412 高分子科學(xué)（英文） 催化學(xué)報(bào) 中國稀土學(xué)報(bào)0.305 中國化學(xué)快報(bào) 0.305,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,第二章：化學(xué)論文的英語的寫作 2.1 化學(xué)論文寫作的一般原則(g

6、eneral rules) (1) scientific importance SCI (Scientific Citation Index) Impact Factor (2) creativeness: point (3) accuracy (4) repeatable,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,Before experiment,Literature review,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,Experimentation,Thinking while doing,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,22 化學(xué)論文的種類、結(jié)構(gòu)和格式 2.2.1 化學(xué)論文的

7、種類 (1)Research Paper （original research paper） Letters(快報(bào)）： Nano Letters，Organic Letters, Applied Physical Letters (APL), Chemical Physics Letter (CPL), Physical Review Letters (PRL) etc. Communication（通訊）: Chemical Communication (Chem. Comm.), Letters: are meant for publication of important

8、 new results in concise form.,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,Short Notes: complete and concise account of a restricted area of work Full Paper: complete, authoritative, and scientifically sound accounts of work which are presented clearly and concisely. (2) Review Articles ( 評(píng)論性文章） are commissioned by the

9、 Editors on the advice of the Editorial Advisory Board.,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,2.2.2 化學(xué)論文的常見結(jié)構(gòu)和格式 Structure and format of a chemistry paper Title + subtitle (論文題名+副標(biāo)題) Authors + correspondence address (作者姓名+通訊地址) Abstract + Keyword (摘要+關(guān)鍵詞) Introduction (引言) Experimental (實(shí)驗(yàn)) Results 5,Tem

10、plate-Free Directional Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on a- and r-Plane Sapphire Song Han, Xiaolei Liu, and Chongwu Zhou* Department of Electrical EngineeringsElectrophysics, UniVersity of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,however, it remains difficult to

11、produce planar nanotube arrays over large areas with sufficiently high density and order. Iijima et al. studied the growth of SWNTs using iron-film-coated sapphire substrates, but no orientation control and, hence, no ordered nanotube arrays were observed.6 Recently, aligned nanotubes have been show

12、n to grow along the step edges on miscut c-plane sapphire substrates;7 however, there is currently a lack of control over the miscut angle, thus resulting in significant variations in the as-grown nanotube orientation and density. We report a surprising discovery of high throughput growth of highly

13、aligned single-walled carbon nanotube arrays on a-plane and r-plane sapphire substrates with negligible miscut without the apparent involvement of step edges. In contrast, random orientations were observed for nanotubes grown on m-plane and c-plane sapphire with negligible miscut. Our results clearl

14、y reveal the importance of the sapphire substrate crystallography and provide a viable way to obtain aligned nanotube arrays.,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,Versatile Synthesis of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Nickel Nanoparticles for the Study of Their Physical Properties,Introduction Carbon nan

15、otubes (CNTs) have attracted a great deal of interest in the field of fundamental physics at the single molecule level and because of their tremendous potential for future technological applications.1 Because the properties of CNTs in general strongly depend on their structural characteristics (e.g.

16、, diameter, chirality, length), the control and characterization of these parameters is of major interest when their physical properties are studied.2 Among the production methods, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers certain advantages in terms of large-scale production, low reaction temperature,

17、 and controllable fabrication.3,4 Furthermore, direct CVD growth over supported catalysts allows the production of isolated individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs),5,6 whereas nanotubes fabricated by arc discharge7,8 or laser ablation9,10 are produced as bundles. On the other hand, there h

18、ave been several reports indicating that controlling the size of the catalyst particle allows the control of CNT diameter.11-19 However, whether the size of the catalyst particle is a key factor for SWNTs growth is still debated.20-26,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,One of the mostly used strategies for CVD growth

19、 of nanotubes consists of the preparation of catalyst particles by “wet” processes and in their deposition onto a substrate. In contrast to iron or iron-alloy particles, no report has been dealing with the use of chemically synthesized nickel nanoparticles as SWNT precursors in a supported-catalyst

20、CVD process. 5,17,27-29 It can be important to diversify CNT precursors, as some of them (like iron) are notorious contaminants to silicon-based devices. Here, we demonstrate the ability to grow isolated singlewalled carbon nanotubes with a relative narrow diameter distribution from discrete nickel

21、nanoparticles with a relatively broad size distribution by catalyst-supported thermal CVD. By varying the synthesis parameters we are able to produce a wide range of nanotube samples with controlled characteristics: small or large diameter SWNTs, with a narrow or broad diameter distribution, a mix o

22、f SWNTs and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and even ultralong SWNTs. Also, the role of the catalyst nanoparticles in nanotube growth will be discussed. Finally, we illustrate the potentialities of such a versatile nanotube synthesis with two short pre-studies of mechanical and vibrational pr

23、operties at the single nanotube level.,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,Noncovalent Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Water-Soluble Porphyrins Jinyu Chen and C. Patrick Collier* DiVision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125,Intr

24、oduction The unique structural, mechanical and electronic properties of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have made these promising materials for device fabrication.1-14 To effectively utilize SWNTs as building blocks for nanotechnology, nanotubes have been covalently and noncovalently functio

25、nalized in a number of ways to render them soluble in aqueous or organic solutions15-21 and to gain precise control over nanotube orientation and location. There are two general strategies for gaining spatial control of SWNTs. In the direct-growth strategy, nanotube length, location, and orientation

26、 can be controlled using pre-patterned catalyst and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).3,13,14,22-25 In the post-growth strategy, nanotubes can be aligned by various methods, including biomolecular recognition, 4,26 manipulation by an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip,5 application of an electric field

27、27 or a magnetic field,28 deposition on chemically patterned,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,surfaces,29 alignment by gas flow, 30 or dip-coating washing.31 For many applications it is important that the inherent functionality of the carbon nanotubes not be altered or destroyed by high-temperature CVD, covalent ch

28、emical functionalization steps or various applied fields.,It has been reported that zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) noncovalently binds to SWNTs and renders them soluble in DMF or DMSO solution.32 More recently, it has been discovered that a meso-hexadecyloxyphenyl-substituted porphyrin is selective i

29、n noncovalently solubilizing semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes in organic solvents.33 Functionalization of SWNTs with porphyrins could supply the nanotubes with many of the porphyrins unique intrinsic properties, such as (electro) luminescence, photovoltaic properties, and biocompatibili

30、ty.,We report here a facile approach to noncovalently functionalize SWNTs in aqueous solution with a water-soluble ionic porphyrin, meso-(tetrakis-4-sulfonatophenyl) porphine (H2TPPS4-). Porphyrin/SWNT solutions in water have been prepared that are stable for weeks, without covalent chemical functio

31、nalization of the tubes or the use of surfactants. We have characterized the porphyrin/SWNT solutions with UV-visible absorption and fluorescence,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,spectroscopic measurements as functions of pH, which show that the free base form of the porphyrin selectively interacts with the nanotub

32、es and is mainly responsible for solubilizing them in water. The interaction with the SWNTs inhibits the protonation of the free base to the diacid. Under mildly acidic conditions, J-aggregates form on the nanotubes. We found that the fluorescent properties of the free base and diacid forms of H2TPP

33、S4- were not significantly perturbed by the nanotubes, but that emission from the Jaggregates was completely quenched. Finally, the solubilization procedure has allowed us to align SWNTs, by combing the nanotubes from aqueous solution on clean poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamps, followed by transf

34、er printing of the tubes from PDMS to silicon or glass surfaces.,miscut,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be metallic or semiconducting and generally coexist with 1/3 metallic SWNTs (M-SWNTs) and 2/3 semiconducting SWNTs (S-SWNTs) in as-grown materials. One of the main chal

35、lenges is to generate pure S-SWNTs or M-SWNTs. Particularly for SWNT-based field effect transistor (FET) application, in situ growth of well-oriented S-SWNTs with high density are required. Superlong SWNTs with the same chirality and diameter will provide an opportunity to fabricate millions of mult

36、idevices with consistent performance, which is one of the important issues for real nanoelectronics applications. Many efforts have been put into the generation of aligned long nanotubes by various methods,(1-3) and pure S-SWNTs or M-SWNTs as well.(4-8) Several techniques including FET,(5) Raman mic

37、roscopy,(9) fluorescence spectroscopy,(10) and UVvisNIR(4) have been applied to identify the structures of SWNTs. However using FET one needs to fabricate the devices and measure their transportation characteristics. Using Raman spectroscopy to identify individual nanotubes is often hampered by the

38、poorly defined position and orientation of the nanotubes. Furthermore, a facile and effective method needs to be developed to evaluate the structural uniformity along the length of the SWNT. In this paper, we demonstrate that centimeter-long oriented SWNT arrays on a SiO2/Si wafer with a low percent

39、age of M-SWNTs ( 5%) can be generated by CVD using Fe/Mo nanoparticles as catalyst and ethanol as carbon source. A simple approach, electrodeposition of silver on long oriented SWNT arrays, has been developed to identify the structure and to evaluate the structural uniformity of an individual long S

40、WNT, as well by using Raman spectroscopy.,,Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be metallic or semiconducting and generally coexist with 1/3 metallic SWNTs (M-SWNTs) and 2/3 semiconducting SWNTs (S-SWNTs) in as-grown materials. One of the main challenges is to generate pure S-SWNTs or M-SWNTs.

41、 Particularly for SWNT-based field effect transistor (FET) application, in situ growth of well-oriented S-SWNTs with high density are required. Superlong SWNTs with the same chirality and diameter will provide an opportunity to fabricate millions of multidevices with consistent performance, which is

42、 one of the important issues for real nanoelectronics applications. Many efforts have been put into the generation of aligned long nanotubes by various methods,(1-3) and pure S-SWNTs or M-SWNTs as well.(4-8) Several techniques including FET,(5) Raman microscopy,(9) fluorescence spectroscopy,(10) and

43、 UVvisNIR(4) have been applied to identify the structures of SWNTs. However using FET one needs to fabricate the devices and measure their transportation characteristics. Using Raman spectroscopy to identify individual nanotubes is often hampered by the poorly defined position and orientation of the

44、 nanotubes. Furthermore, a facile and effective method needs to be developed to evaluate the structural uniformity along the length of the SWNT. In this paper, we demonstrate that centimeter-long oriented SWNT arrays on a SiO2/Si wafer with a low percentage of M-SWNTs ( 5%) can be generated by CVD u

45、sing Fe/Mo nanoparticles as catalyst and ethanol as carbon source. A simple approach, electrodeposition of silver on long oriented SWNT arrays, has been developed to identify the structure and to evaluate the structural uniformity of an individual long SWNT, as well by using Raman spectroscopy.,Sing

46、le-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be metallic or semiconducting and generally coexist with 1/3 metallic SWNTs (M-SWNTs) and 2/3 semiconducting SWNTs (S-SWNTs) in as-grown materials. One of the main challenges is to generate pure S-SWNTs or M-SWNTs. Particularly for SWNT-based field effect trans

47、istor (FET) application, in situ growth of well-oriented S-SWNTs with high density are required. Superlong SWNTs with the same chirality and diameter will provide an opportunity to fabricate millions of multidevices with consistent performance, which is one of the important issues for real nanoelect

48、ronics applications. Many efforts have been put into the generation of aligned long nanotubes by various methods,(1-3) and pure S-SWNTs or M-SWNTs as well.(4-8) Several techniques including FET,(5) Raman microscopy,(9) fluorescence spectroscopy,(10) and UVvisNIR(4) have been applied to identify the

49、structures of SWNTs. However using FET one needs to fabricate the devices and measure their transportation characteristics. Using Raman spectroscopy to identify individual nanotubes is often hampered by the poorly defined position and orientation of the nanotubes. Furthermore, a facile and effective

50、 method needs to be developed to evaluate the structural uniformity along the length of the SWNT. In this paper, we demonstrate that centimeter-long oriented SWNT arrays on a SiO2/Si wafer with a low percentage of M-SWNTs ( 5%) can be generated by CVD using Fe/Mo nanoparticles as catalyst and ethano

51、l as carbon source. A simple approach, electrodeposition of silver on long oriented SWNT arrays, has been developed to identify the structure and to evaluate the structural uniformity of an individual long SWNT, as well by using Raman spectroscopy.,Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be metal

52、lic or semiconducting and generally coexist with 1/3 metallic SWNTs (M-SWNTs) and 2/3 semiconducting SWNTs (S-SWNTs) in as-grown materials. One of the main challenges is to generate pure S-SWNTs or M-SWNTs. Particularly for SWNT-based field effect transistor (FET) application, in situ growth of well

53、-oriented S-SWNTs with high density are required. Superlong SWNTs with the same chirality and diameter will provide an opportunity to fabricate millions of multidevices with consistent performance, which is one of the important issues for real nanoelectronics applications. Many efforts have been put

54、 into the generation of aligned long nanotubes by various methods,(1-3) and pure S-SWNTs or M-SWNTs as well.(4-8) Several techniques including FET,(5) Raman microscopy,(9) fluorescence spectroscopy,(10) and UVvisNIR(4) have been applied to identify the structures of SWNTs. However using FET one need

55、s to fabricate the devices and measure their transportation characteristics. Using Raman spectroscopy to identify individual nanotubes is often hampered by the poorly defined position and orientation of the nanotubes. Furthermore, a facile and effective method needs to be developed to evaluate the s

56、tructural uniformity along the length of the SWNT. In this paper, we demonstrate that centimeter-long oriented SWNT arrays on a SiO2/Si wafer with a low percentage of M-SWNTs ( 5%) can be generated by CVD using Fe/Mo nanoparticles as catalyst and ethanol as carbon source. A simple approach, electrod

57、eposition of silver on long oriented SWNT arrays, has been developed to identify the structure and to evaluate the structural uniformity of an individual long SWNT, as well by using Raman spectroscopy.,Identification of the Structures of Superlong Oriented Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays by Ele

58、ctrodeposition of Metal and Raman Spectroscopy J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130 (36), 11860,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,常用詞匯、短語和表達(dá)方式 1： time in recent years (近年來） until quite recently （最近） in the past decade （近十年） during the last 20 years (近20年間） in the previous years （前幾年） over last three years （在過去3年中） in

59、successive years （連續(xù)幾年來） around 2005 （2005年前后） in the subsequent years （隨后幾年） in the early part of the century （本世紀(jì)初） in the mid to late 1990s （20世紀(jì)90年代中期到后期） in the late 19th century （19世紀(jì)末） Since (自從) As early as 1980s, as long ago as 1980s (早在 . ..年代),化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,2: express interests and imp

60、ortance The research on ..is of considerable current interest There is current interest in With the increasing interest in Our focus is on Considerable efforts have been put into the There has been a steady growth of interest in. There has been increased awareness of the importance of.. Little att

61、ention has been given to.. .has received a great deal of attention Owing to the lack of. A survey of literature indicates that. In a preliminary study of An early paper reported It was pointed out in an earlier study that ..of extensive and intensive study ..is a subject of much concern ..is an acti

62、ve research field,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,,3: express goal A goal of our research is The main objective of the oresent paper is To achieve this goal In order to sole this problem In order to bring this problem to a clear understanding. The present paper is an attempt to understand The aim of this work is

63、 to find out. The purpose of the study is to Paper, work, study, report, investigation, research, project, contribution aim, purpose, goal, objective, approach, attempt, propose, effort,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,A brief survey of .. is given . A new approach is proposed to.. This paper describes.. .was synt

64、hesized using. .was studied by. study, report, investigate, present, develop, discuss , show , evaluate, illustrate, determine, examine, record, describe, prepare, synthesize, separate, introduce, observe, obtain, exhibit, explore ..,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,2.2.5: Experimental Section 1: Reagents oxidant)

65、, and other organic solvents were bought from Aldrich (reagent-grade) and used without further purification. A typical in situ chemical oxidative polymerization for PTh and SWNTPTh was carried out according to the schematic representation in Scheme 1. The routine synthesis of the SWNTPTh composites

66、 was as follows: 100 mL of a CHCl3 solution containing SWNTs (0.2 g) was added to a 500-mL, double-necked, round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic, Teflon-coated stirrer. The mixture was sonicated for 30 min at room temperature to disperse the SWNTs. FeCl3 (2 g) in 100 mL of a,Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry,化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流,CHCl3 solution was added to the solution, which was further sonicated for 30 min at room temperature. The thiophene monomer (1 mL) with 50 mL of a