2022年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)《完型填空之說明文》學(xué)案

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1、2022年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)《完型填空之說明文》學(xué)案 專題導(dǎo)讀 說明文往往圍繞一個(gè)問題從不同的側(cè)面來加以說明，通常結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此也是高考完形填空題中較難理解的一種文體。說明文一般有三類：一是實(shí)物性說明文。包括說明書、廣告、解說詞、人物介紹、知識小品、知識注解等（實(shí)物是指國家、城市、人物、山水、樹木、花草、蟲魚、鳥獸、建筑、文化古跡、科技成果及各種工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品）；二是事理性說明文。包括理論性解釋、文書簡介、教材等（事理是指觀點(diǎn)、立場、名詞概念、學(xué)術(shù)流派等）；三是文藝性說明文。即把說明對象擬人化，進(jìn)而編成故事，對其進(jìn)行介紹。 具體特點(diǎn)為： 1. 開頭點(diǎn)題

2、。做說明文型完形填空時(shí)，要明確說明的對象是什么，是具體實(shí)物還是理論性概念。因此，明確說明的對象是掌握說明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。在近年的說明文型完形填空題中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。把握語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明文的寫作一般按時(shí)間順序（指先后順序），空間順序（從局部到整體、從上到下、從內(nèi)到外），邏輯順序（前因后果、先果后因、先主后次），認(rèn)識順序（由此及彼、由淺入深、由具體到抽象、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)）。 說明文型完形填空短文層次清晰，整體性強(qiáng)，所以，遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。說明文往往較直白，寫作脈絡(luò)清晰，又沒有很多感情因素的摻入

3、，所以就不會有過多的情感詞匯，自然不會有鉆不出的“迷宮”。據(jù)此特點(diǎn)，我們便可以跟著“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，從而順利答題。 真題典例 ［xx·安徽卷］ Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten. All too often，people buy a pen based on

4、ly on __2__，and wonder why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it. However，buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind. First of all，a pen should fit fortably in your hand and be __5__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characterist

5、ic （特征）__6__ fort. Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be fortable with a thin pen. If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers，you may __8__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __9__ influence fort. A pen that is too__10__ can easily feel top- heavy and unstable. Then，the writing poin

6、t of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly （均勻地） while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the

7、 __15__ may leave drops of ink，__16__you pick the pen up and put it down again. __17__，the pen should make a thick，dark line. Fine- line pens may __18__ bad handwriting，but fine，delicate lines do not mand __19__ next to printed text，as，__20__，a signature on a printed letter. A broader line，on the o

8、ther hand，gives an impression of confidence and authority （權(quán)威）． （　　）1. A. many　　 　B. few C. pleasant D. important （　?。?. A. looks B. reason C. value D. advantages （　　）3. A. once B. if C. because D. though （　?。?. A. convenient B. practical C. strange D. difficult （　?。?. A. heav

9、y B. easy C. hard D. safe （　?。?. A. taking B. finding C. determining D. seeking （　　）7. A. stronger B. weaker C. smaller D. larger （　?。?. A. prefer B. remend C. prepare D. demand （　?。?. A. hardly B. also C. never D. still （　?。?0. A. thick B. light C. long D.

10、 soft （　?。?1. A. change B. allow C. reduce D. press （　　）12. A. They B. One C. This D. Some （　?。?3. A. thin B. rough C. black D. smooth （　　）14. A. prevent B. free C. protect D. remove （　?。?5. A. way B. sight C. flow D. stream （　?。?6. A. so B. as C. and

11、D. yet （　　）17. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally （　?。?8. A. show up B. differ from C. break down D. pensate for （　?。?9. A. attention B. support C. respect D. admission （　?。?0. A. at most B. for example C. in brief D. on purpose 1．B　文章開頭說人們很少注意選擇鋼筆，原因是手寫的東西很少。 2

12、．A　人們買鋼筆主要基于樣子（looks）。 3．A　一旦使用才發(fā)現(xiàn)并不滿意。 4．D　如果按作者說的做，買一支喜歡的鋼筆并不難。 5．B　買鋼筆要與手合適，使用起來容易。 6．C　鋼筆的粗度決定了使用時(shí)是否舒適。 7．D　手大的當(dāng)然要買粗一點(diǎn)的，與前文Having a small hand相呼應(yīng)。 8．A　根據(jù)句意“如果你的手指更大且更粗，你可能會更喜歡一支更粗的筆?！边xA。remend“推薦”；prepare“準(zhǔn)備”；demand“要求”，均不合句意。 9．B　鋼筆的長度也影響舒適度。 10．C　太長的筆拿著容易感到頭重，不穩(wěn)。 11．B　筆尖要使得墨水均勻流暢。 12

13、．C　這一點(diǎn)（This）使得流利書寫成為可能。 13．D　根據(jù)前一句話“...allow the ink to flow evenly（均勻地） while the pen remains in touch with the paper.” 即可推知：使你的書寫線條流暢。 14．A　不寫的時(shí)候，筆尖要防止墨水流出。prevent...from阻止；free from免于；protect...from保護(hù)；remove from從……中移開（拿走，除掉）。 15．C 16．B　當(dāng)你拿筆或放筆的時(shí)候。 17．D　由上文First of all...，Then...可知這里應(yīng)用Final

14、ly。 18．D　好的筆可以彌補(bǔ)書寫差的缺點(diǎn)。show up使顯示出；differ from與……不同；break down損壞，發(fā)生故障；pensate for 賠償，補(bǔ)償損失。 19．A　和印刷體比較，寫得好（指簽名）也并不能引起注意。 20．B　at most 至多；for example 例如；in brief 總之；on purpose故意地。 新題預(yù)測 Long time ago, if a child had some problems in his life, he might go home and write in his ___1__. Now, a chil

15、d with the same problems might go onto the Internet and write about them in a blog（博客）. In many ways, a diary and a blog are very __2__. So, what makes blogging different from writing in a（an） __3__ diary? The biggest difference is that a blog is much more __4__ than a diary. Us

16、ually, a teenager treats his diary like a book full of __5___ that he does not want to __6__. It's interesting that someone who writes in a blog __7__ a diary will probably write nearly the same information. I have a little sister, and sometimes I go online to read her blog.

17、 She __8__ about things like waking up early for swimming practice and not studying enough for her chemistry test. __9__ I was her age, I wrote about the same things, but __10__ in my diary. Then, after I had finished writing, I would hide my diary in a secret place because I was __11__ t

18、hat my sister might read it! The biggest __12__ with blogging is that anyone can read what you write. If I was angry with a friend during high school and wrote something __13__ about her in my diary, she would never know. __14__， if my sister ever wrote something bad about a friend, that friend

19、 __15__ read her blog and get angry. There are also __16__ to blogging, of course. If I was feeling sad one day and wrote in my diary, “Nobody cares about me，” __17__ would know about it. However, if my sister wrote the same sentence in her blog, her best friends would __18__

20、respond（回應(yīng)）and tell her how much they like her. Blogs help people __19__ in contact with their friends and know what the people ___20__ them are doing. （　?。?.A.notebook B．diary C．blog D．Book （　　）2.A.familiar B．same C．similar D．Different （　?。?.A.old B．real C．daily

21、 D．Traditional （　?。?.A.convenient B．secret C．public D．cheap （　　）5.A.secrets B．mysteries C．questions D．Puzzles （　?。?.A.publish B．share C．solve D．Answer （　?。?.A.instead B．a(chǎn)s well as C．in favor of D．instead of （　?。?.A.wonders B．learns C．writes D．worries （　　）9.A.Although B

22、．When C．Because D．Since （　?。?0.A.only B．never C．a(chǎn)lso D．Still （　?。?1.A.surprised B．glad C．interested D．Worried （　　）12.A.difficulty B．reason C．problem D．mistake （　?。?3.A.good B．mean C．funny D．Interesting （　?。?4.A.However B．Also C．Then D．Besides （　?。?5.A.will B．should C．must

23、 D．Might （　?。?6.A.problems B．goods C．a(chǎn)dvantages D．mistakes （　?。?7.A.everyone B．no one C．someone D．Anyone （　　）18.A.happily B．hardly C．seldom D．Quickly （　?。?9.A.stay B．put C．lose D．Find （　?。?0.A.besides B．over C．a(chǎn)round D．in front of 【要點(diǎn)綜述】 這是一篇說明文，說明了博客和日記相比的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。這篇文章和我們現(xiàn)實(shí)生活貼得很近，解答問題時(shí)要多考慮實(shí)際，做起來就比較順手。