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1、Section A(1a 1c)How do you go to school?How do you study for a test?-I study by listening to the tapes.How do you learn English?-I study by studying with a group.working with friends reading the textbook making word cardsHow do you study for an English test?I study by .making vocabulary listsreading
2、 aloudwatching English-language videoslistening to tapesasking the teacher for help How do you study for an English test?I study by working with friends.watch an English movietake English classescommunicate with foreigners study with a group surf the Internet.read in the libraryjoin a clubHow does h
3、e/she learn English?He/She learns byHow do they learn English?They learn by.“by+動名詞動名詞”常常表示手段、方常常表示手段、方式或方法,可以用來回答式或方法,可以用來回答how引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。的特殊疑問句。-How do you learn English?-I learn English by watching English movies.Explanation by 的用法的用法 介詞介詞,表示通過表示通過方法或途徑的意思方法或途徑的意思,譯成譯成“靠靠,通過通過”,后面可加名詞或名詞短語。后面可加名詞
4、或名詞短語。1)The house was destroyed by fire.房屋被火燒毀了。房屋被火燒毀了。2)travel by air/land/sea.航空(陸路,航海)旅行航空(陸路,航海)旅行3)go by train/boat/bus 乘火車(船,公共汽車)去乘火車(船,公共汽車)去4)shake sb.by the hand 和某人握手和某人握手5)I study English by watching English movies.我通過看英文電影學(xué)英語。我通過看英文電影學(xué)英語。另外另外,by作為介詞的意義有很多作為介詞的意義有很多,例如例如:1)在)在旁邊,靠近旁邊,靠近
5、 There is a power station by the river.河邊有一個電廠。河邊有一個電廠。2)沿著,經(jīng)由)沿著,經(jīng)由 come by the highway 由公路由公路來來 3)由于)由于 bymistake 由于差錯由于差錯 4)被,由)被,由 some articles written by Lu Xun一些由魯迅寫的一些由魯迅寫的文章文章 5)表示面積)表示面積 a room 5m by 4m 一間長五米寬四米的房間一間長五米寬四米的房間 6)逐批)逐批 one by one 一個接一個一個接一個 Check()the ways you study for an E
6、nglish test.Then add other ways you sometimes study._a.by working with friends_b.by making word cards_c.by reading the textbook_d.by listening to tapes_e.by asking the teacher for help _1a1a1b1bListen.How do these students study for a test?Write letters from 1a above._ 1.Meiping _ 2.Peter _ 3.Tonybe
7、dI study by makingword cards.1c1cA:How do you study for a test?B:I study by working with a group.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時(Present Perfect)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果;或這一動作開現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果;或這一動作開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并將繼續(xù)下去。始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并將繼續(xù)下去。構(gòu)成:構(gòu)成:1.肯定句肯定句現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是“have(has)過去分詞過去分詞”。注意:該句式中的注意
8、:該句式中的have或或has是助動詞,是助動詞,has用用于第三人稱單數(shù),其它人稱一律用于第三人稱單數(shù),其它人稱一律用have。2.否定句否定句:現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是:現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是 “havent(hasnt)過去分詞)過去分詞”。3.疑問句:疑問句:現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句式 是把助動詞是把助動詞have或或has提到主語之前提到主語之前?;卮鹩没卮鹩肶es,have(has)./No,havent(hasnt).連用時間狀語連用時間狀語:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,several times 等。等。注意:注意:
9、當(dāng)當(dāng)have被用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中時,被用在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中時,它可以和前面的代名詞一起組成縮寫形式。它可以和前面的代名詞一起組成縮寫形式。我曾經(jīng)到過紐約。我曾經(jīng)到過紐約。Ive been to New York once before.我剛丟了我的鉛筆盒。我剛丟了我的鉛筆盒。Ive just lost my pencil-box.注意:注意:never,ever一般置于助動詞一般置于助動詞have/has之后,過去分詞之前之后,過去分詞之前。1.never 從來沒有,從不,表示否定從來沒有,從不,表示否定 He has never seen such a tall building.他他從未從未
10、見過這么高的樓。見過這么高的樓。2.ever 曾經(jīng),主要用于疑問句曾經(jīng),主要用于疑問句 Have you ever wanted to travel around the world?你你曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)想要周游世界嗎?想要周游世界嗎?have been to與與have gone to 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 1.have(has)been to意為意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地”,表表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了??膳c示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just,ever,never等等連用。連用。如:如:Ive just been to the post office.我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。Have you ev
11、er been to Hangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?Mary has never been to the Great Wall.瑪麗從未去過長城?,旣悘奈慈ミ^長城。have(has)been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次。地幾次。Ive been to Beijing three times.我去過北京三次。我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。2.have(has)gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了”,表,
12、表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中??傊?,說話時該示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之,說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場,一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子人不在現(xiàn)場,一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如:的主語。如:-Where is Tom?湯姆在哪里?湯姆在哪里?-He has gone to the bookshop.他到書店去。他到書店去。同學(xué)們要注意現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)同學(xué)們要注意現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別。雖然這兩個時態(tài)都和過去發(fā)生的事情有別。雖然這兩個時態(tài)都和過去發(fā)生的事情有關(guān),但是關(guān),但是現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等關(guān)系
13、,如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等,而,而一一般過去時般過去時只表示過去的事實,不表示和現(xiàn)在只表示過去的事實,不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系的關(guān)系。如:。如:I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦,是上個月去的。我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦,是上個月去的。I have been to the science museum many times.I went there on our last summer vocation.我已經(jīng)去了科學(xué)博物館很多次。我已經(jīng)去了科學(xué)博物館很多次。上個暑假我上個暑假我還去了呢。還去了呢。1.A:Do you want _
14、(come)to the space museum?B:No,Ive already _(be)there three times.2.A:Have you _(see)the robots at the science museum?B:Yes,I _(go)there last weekend.Put the correct forms of the verbs in the blanks.(4a)to comebeenseenwent 選擇填空選擇填空1.The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1
15、995.A.attracted B.attracts C.has attracted D.will attract 2.They _ since the factory opened.A.has worked here B.have worked here C.worked here D.are working 3.Since 2000 Nanchang has become a new city.Everything _.A.is changed B.was changed C.has changed D.had changed C B C 4.The house is dirty.We _
16、 it for weeks.A.didnt clean B.hadnt cleaned C.dont clean D.havent cleaned5.Harry Potter is a very nice film.I _ it twice.A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.seeDB 翻譯翻譯 1.我叔叔離開上海我叔叔離開上海10天了,他是上星期離天了,他是上星期離開的。開的。2.你們太遲了,電影已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了。你們太遲了,電影已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了。3.-你到這里多久了?你到這里多久了?-兩天。兩天。My uncle has been away from Shang
17、hai for ten days.He left last week.You are too late.The movie has been on for five minutes.-How long have you been here?-Two days.Mr.White came to our school in 2008,and since then he _ us English.A.teaches B.taught C.has taught D.will teach答案:答案:C【解析解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。從考查動詞時態(tài)。從since then知應(yīng)該用知應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)?,F(xiàn)在完成時
18、態(tài)。Do you know _ she went to the movie last night?On foot.A.when B.why C.how答案:答案:C【解析解析】疑問副詞的用法。從答句疑問副詞的用法。從答句On foot可可以看出問句是有關(guān)交通方式的,以看出問句是有關(guān)交通方式的,when表示表示“什么時間什么時間”;why表示表示“為什么為什么”,how表示表示“怎么怎么”,對交通方式提問一般用,對交通方式提問一般用how,因此本題選因此本題選C。How do you study for a test?-_ working with friends.A.By B.With C.O
19、n答案:答案:A【解析解析】本題考查介詞本題考查介詞by的用法。的用法。by意為意為“通通過過方式方式”;with意為意為“和和在一起在一起”;on意為意為“朝朝,向向”.句意句意“你是怎么為考試作準(zhǔn)你是怎么為考試作準(zhǔn)備嗎?備嗎?”“”“通過和朋友一起學(xué)習(xí)。通過和朋友一起學(xué)習(xí)?!敝挥兄挥衎y具具有有“通過通過方式方式”的意思,故選的意思,故選A。I.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的要求完成下列各句,每根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的要求完成下列各句,每空一詞空一詞(含縮寫含縮寫)。1.My parents have come back already.(改為否定句改為否定句)My parents _ _ back _.2.The b
20、oys have been to Japan lots of times.(改為一般疑問句改為一般疑問句)_ the boys _ to Japan lots of times?Have been havent comeyet3.Has your sister gone to the bookstore?(作肯定回答作肯定回答)_,she _.4.I have been to the theme park three times.(對劃線部分提問對劃線部分提問)_ _ times have you been to the theme park?5.The movie has been on f
21、or half an hour.(對劃線部分提問對劃線部分提問)_ _ has the movie been on?How many Yes hasHow long.根據(jù)括號中所給動詞的提示完成下列句子根據(jù)括號中所給動詞的提示完成下列句子或?qū)υ挕;驅(qū)υ挕?.I _(work)in this city for 7 years.2.How long _ she _(live)here?Since she _(get)a new job here.3.How many words _ you _(learn)since two years ago?4.My mother _ never _(hear)of this man.5.Tom _(be)to China twice.has livedhave worked/workedgot havelearned/learnthasheardhas beenLearn the new words and expressions by heart.