《河南省2019中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 中考題型過關(guān) 題型三 閱讀理解課件.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《河南省2019中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 中考題型過關(guān) 題型三 閱讀理解課件.ppt（31頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、,河,,中,考,英,,語,,2019,第三部分中考題型過關(guān),題型三 閱讀理解,,CONTENTS,,目 錄,,PART 01 考情幫,,,PART 01 考情幫,,,命題點(diǎn),,考情總結(jié),閱讀理解有四篇語言材料,每篇設(shè)置5個(gè)小題,每小題2分,分值占試卷總分的1/3,比重較大。閱讀理解著重考查考生理解各種題材和體裁的書面材料的能力以及從各種材料中獲取信息的能力(包括圖文轉(zhuǎn)換能力等信息的獲取和處理能力)。閱讀理解具有以下特點(diǎn):一、文章難度適中、循序漸進(jìn),小題設(shè)計(jì)梯度明顯,深層理解題目對能力的要求較高,但總體符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平;二、語言地道,題材新穎,體裁多樣,體現(xiàn)了語言是文化的載體,是社會(huì)文化的反映
2、;三、具有知識性、文化性和教育性;四、文章內(nèi)容積極向上,貼近學(xué)生生活。題型設(shè)置上前三篇為選擇型閱讀,近兩年的中考題新調(diào)整之后A篇為應(yīng)用文,B篇為記敘文,C篇為說明文;D篇為任務(wù)型閱讀,2018年考查的形式是還原段落,20112017年考查的形式是還原句子。,,PART 02 方法幫,,方法幫,,類型1 選擇型閱讀理解 (1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題 關(guān)鍵詞法 有關(guān)基本信息的題目,答案幾乎可以直接從原文中獲得,找到關(guān)鍵詞即可找到原文中含相關(guān)信息的句子。 查讀法 先看題目,帶著問題讀文章,從而快速尋找答案。在閱讀時(shí),標(biāo)記出who(何人),what(何事),when(何時(shí)),where(何地),how(如何),w
3、hy(為何)等?？嫉募?xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容,以便解題時(shí)迅速、準(zhǔn)確地查找。 (2)推理判斷題 理解文章內(nèi)容 不僅要弄懂字面意思,更要理解引申意義,通過作者所給的提示進(jìn)行合理的推理和判斷。 以原文為依據(jù) 要在原文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理推測,不能摻雜個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。 排除法 推理判斷題通常有一定的難度,可以采用排除法,逐一排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),作出最終選擇。,,方法幫,,(3)詞義猜測題 利用上下文語境 指定詞的含義,往往在上下文中有體現(xiàn),可借助上下文進(jìn)行推測。 利用定義或解釋性的線索 有些生詞之后有對該詞進(jìn)行解釋、說明的短語或句子,利用它們可猜出詞義。 利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系 并列、對比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系有助于理解指定詞的含義
4、,注意標(biāo)志詞but, or, however, so, because等。 利用構(gòu)詞法 熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的意思,不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量,而且可以幫助我們猜測詞義。,,方法幫,,(4)主旨大意題 主旨大意題考查學(xué)生對全文或某一段落的整體把握能力,考查方法有:歸納文章(或段落)大意,概括中心思想或選擇文章標(biāo)題等。做這類試題時(shí),可遵循以下幾種方法: 抓主題句 很多文章都有主題句,抓住了主題句也就抓住了文章的中心。主題句通常在文章開頭或結(jié)尾,因此要仔細(xì)閱讀文章的首尾句。 抓高頻詞 文章都是圍繞一個(gè)主題展開的,因此文章中會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)中心詞,即高頻詞,抓住了它,也就抓住了文章的中心。 注意絕對化用詞
5、 選項(xiàng)中如果出現(xiàn)絕對化用詞,可以直接排除該選項(xiàng)。 以偏概全不能選 干擾項(xiàng)中往往出現(xiàn)文章中提到的某一點(diǎn)或某一部分,這類選項(xiàng)以偏概全,不能作為正確選項(xiàng)。,,方法幫,,【典例1】2018河南中考,閱讀C篇The spring season brings warm weather, flowers and other changes for people to enjoy.For some restaurant cooks, the most exciting spring arrival is ramps. Ramps are a wild plant in the eastern mounta
6、ins of North America. They are one of the first plants that grow in the spring, usually between April and May. They are recognized(識別) by their red stem(莖), and two long and wide green leaves. They are also famous for their strong taste, similar to onions(洋蔥). Ramps are not as well-known as other
7、vegetables, but they have a long history in the United States. In the Appalachian Mountains, ramps have been an important food for a long time. During spring, it is common for small towns in the Appalachian area to hold large ramp dinners for the community. However, over the last 30 years, ramps po
8、pularity has grown quickly. They are now a highly-desired vegetable for many nice restaurants in cities like New York and Washington D. C.,,方法幫,,One reason the plant is popular is that it grows in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on farms. Most restaurants get them from foragers, who collect r
9、amps by searching forests for some small pieces of land where they grow. Ramps have a short season. Within a few weeks of full growth, the plant is done for the year. This short life is some reason for their popularity. And that popularity could lead to their disappearance from Earth. In 1995, the
10、local government in Quebec, Canada, stopped people selling the plant to businesses in order to protect the plant against being over-dug. The season is short, but it has not ended yet. If you are in the right place, you still have time to try a taste of ramps yourself.,,方法幫,,根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。 56.Why are
11、 ramps so popular in North America? A. Because they grow in spring. B. Because they have a good taste. C. Because they are hard to get. D. Because they have a long history. 57.Which of the following is the picture of a ramp?,,,方法幫,,58.What does the word they refer to (指的是)? A. foragers B. ramps C. c
12、ustomersD. restaurants 59.Why were people stopped from selling ramps to businesses? A. Because ramps were in great danger. B. Because ramps smell polluted the air. C. Because it cost too much to grow ramps. D. Because the government wanted to make money. 60.Whats the best title for the text? A. Amer
13、icans go crazy for ramps in the spring B. Americans have discovered a new vegetable C. Ramps were once popular in North America D. Ramps will soon be enjoyed all over the world,,方法幫,,,【短文大意】本文是關(guān)于北美野韭(ramps)的介紹。它是生長在北美東部山區(qū)的一種野生植物。本文介紹了它的特征、味道以及受歡迎的原因等方面的內(nèi)容。 56.C【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的One reason the plant
14、is popular is that it grows in the wild. It is difficult to grow them on farms可知答案為C。 57.D【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解及學(xué)生的圖文轉(zhuǎn)換能力。根據(jù)第二段中的They are recognized(識別) by their red stem(莖), and two long and wide green leaves可知,對應(yīng)的圖片是D。 58.B【解析】考查學(xué)生的推理判斷能力。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處they指代的是ramps。 59.A【解析】考查學(xué)生的推理判斷能力。根據(jù)第六段中的And that popularit
15、y could lead to their disappearance from Earth以及...stopped people selling the plant to businesses in order to protect the plant against being over-dug可推斷,不讓人們再售賣這種植物是因?yàn)樗鼮l臨滅絕了。故答案為A。 60.A【解析】本題屬于標(biāo)題歸納題,考查學(xué)生對材料信息的歸納總結(jié)能力。通讀全文可知,本文介紹了一種名叫北美野韭的植物,它在春天生長,美國人很喜歡吃這種植物,故A項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。,,方法幫,,,【典例2】2017河南中考,閱讀B篇N
16、ot only kids of Tiger Moms go to Harvard. Dawn Loggins of Lawndale, N.C., is on her way to Harvard, one of the eight world-famous universities in the eastern US. Nobody encouraged her to study or paid for her special classes. This girl created her own future. The teen was abandoned by her family
17、last summer, when her parents and two sisters moved to Tennessee. She found herself homeless and had to spend the night on friends sofas. The school bus driver learned about Dawns situation and invited Dawn to move in with her family. Soon, Dawn had a job at Burns High School. She worked from 6 a.m
18、. to 7:40 a.m. before the first school bell rang. She swept floors and picked up trash again in the afternoons, before diving into(全心投入) her studies in the evenings.,,方法幫,,,Dawns hard work paid off. She finished school with a 3.9 GPA and scored 2,110 on the SAT. There were times when I felt like it
19、 would be easiest if I gave up, the 18-year-old said.But it was never in me to give up, because I realized that I was never going to be successful unless I got an education. Even before Dawns family left her, she led a difficult life. Her family was poor and cups of noodles were often the only food
20、. Dawn studied by candlelight because her parents couldnt afford to pay the electricity bill(電費(fèi)). Dawn has now reconnected with her family. Theyre proud of her accomplishments(成就) and are attending her high school graduation.,,方法幫,,,根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。 51.Why didnt Dawn give up her studies? A. To reconne
21、ct with her family. B. To thank those who had helped her. C. To get an education to be successful. D. To realize her dream of going to Harvard. 52.Who helped Dawn when she found herself homeless? A. Her teachers.B. Her neighbors. C. A Tiger Mom.D. A school bus driver.,,方法幫,,,53.What does the underli
22、ned word abandoned mean in Chinese? A. 寵愛 B. 拋棄 C. 鼓勵(lì) D. 虐待 54.Which of the following words best describes Dawn? A. Open-minded. B. Good-natured. C. Strong-willed. D. Warm-hearted. 55.Whats the best title for the text? A. Another Harvard girl B. A girl in candlelight C. From homeless to
23、Harvard D. The role of Tiger Moms,,方法幫,,【短文大意】Dawn Loggins被家人拋棄,無家可歸,一位好心的校車司機(jī)收留了她。Dawn意識到如果自己不接受教育就不會(huì)成功,所以她努力學(xué)習(xí),最終以優(yōu)異的成績考取了哈佛大學(xué)。 51.C【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的But it was never in me to give up, because I realized that I was never going to be successful unless I got an education可知答案為C。 52.D【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四
24、段中的The school bus driver learned about Dawns situation and invited Dawn to move in with her family可知答案為D。 53.B【解析】本題屬于詞義猜測題,考查學(xué)生根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容對所給詞匯進(jìn)行猜測的能力。結(jié)合下文中的She found herself homeless可推斷,Dawn被她的家人拋棄了,故答案為B。 54.C【解析】考查學(xué)生的推理判斷能力。Dawn面對生活的種種磨難,自強(qiáng)不息,結(jié)合整篇文章內(nèi)容可推測,Dawn應(yīng)是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人,故答案為C。 55.C【解析】本題屬于標(biāo)題歸納題,考查學(xué)生對材
25、料信息的歸納總結(jié)能力。通讀全文可知,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)從無家可歸到哈佛大學(xué)最能概括文章的內(nèi)容,故選C。,,方法幫,,,類型2 任務(wù)型閱讀理解 方法一根據(jù)題目特點(diǎn),巧用答題步驟 1.先讀選項(xiàng),初步排序; 2.詳讀文章,邏輯推理; 3.試填答案,先易后難; 4.回讀文章,再次確認(rèn)。 方法二關(guān)鍵詞法 細(xì)讀五個(gè)選項(xiàng),找出關(guān)鍵詞,再去原文中查讀相對應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞,關(guān)鍵詞在文中通常出現(xiàn)在空格處的上句或下句,由此可初步確定答案。,,方法幫,,,方法三過渡詞法 為使行文連貫,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,文章中常常會(huì)使用一些過渡詞,如besides,then,but,however,and,first,second,third等。利
26、用過渡詞可以提高答題效率。 方法四選項(xiàng)排序法 分析選項(xiàng)間的邏輯關(guān)系,結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容邏輯,給選項(xiàng)排序,該順序可作為回填的初步順序。 方法五代入法 不知道怎么選時(shí),可以分別把五個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入空格處試讀,看哪個(gè)讀起來通順且符合邏輯,由此選出正確選項(xiàng)并以此類推。,,方法幫,,,【典例1】2018河南中考,閱讀D篇 Dear Linda, 61. As I told you yesterday, I am in Rome today. Tomorrow we are getting the train down into the south of the country and then the ship a
27、cross to Greece. 62. We started in England and we spent two days in London and another day in Canterbury.We saw a lot of great history and the only bad thing was the weather it rained for the whole time we were there. Can you believe it? 63.,,方法幫,,,Well, I have to say I prefer the American Disneylan
28、d. But we met some nice people from Canada and spent two great days with them.One of them,Clive,is going to your university next year.Hows that for a coincidence(巧合)! 64. After that, we went south into Switzerland. It was very expensive and we couldnt stay as long as we wanted to, so thats why were
29、in Italy now! 65. See you soon. Mike,,方法幫,,根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容,從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng),使文章意思通順、內(nèi)容完整。 A. OK, thats enough from me for now. I want to post this letter now so you can get it by the weekend. B. I cant wait to arrive in Athens to see all that history. Let me tell you someth
30、ing about where we have visited so far. I know you want to come here on vacation too one day! C. Clive and his wife left us once we got to Germany by train. They went up into Denmark but we continued to Munich. Wow what a great city! I bought you a surprise gift there. I hope you like it.,,方法幫,,,D.
31、At least when we got to Paris, the sun was shining! We only stayed for one afternoon in the French capital because my friends really wanted to visit Euro Disney which is to the east of Paris. E.How are things with you? It was great talking to you yesterday by phone.,,方法幫,,,【短文大意】本文是Mike寫給Linda的一封信,他
32、在信中講述了自己在旅行中的經(jīng)歷和見聞。 【備選項(xiàng)釋義】 A. 好了,現(xiàn)在這些關(guān)于我的信息已經(jīng)足夠。我現(xiàn)在要把這封信寄出去,這樣你在周末前就可以收到了。 B. 我迫不及待想到雅典去了解那些歷史。讓我告訴你到目前為止我們參觀的一些情況吧。我知道你也想有朝一日到這里來度假。 C. 我們乘火車一到德國,克萊夫和他的妻子就離開我們了。他們北上去丹麥了,但是我們繼續(xù)去了慕尼黑。噢多么漂亮的一個(gè)城市啊!我在那里給你買了一個(gè)驚喜禮物。我希望你會(huì)喜歡它。 D. 至少當(dāng)我們到達(dá)巴黎的時(shí)候,陽光明媚。我們在法國首都只待了一個(gè)下午,因?yàn)槲业呐笥褌兎浅Ｏ肴ノ挥诎屠钖|邊的歐洲迪士尼樂園。 E. 你一切還順利嗎?昨天給你打
33、電話真的非常愉快。,,方法幫,,,【答案解析】 61.E本篇材料是一封書信,挖空處位于書信正文的第一段,一般開頭處會(huì)是問候;第二段的開頭為As I told you yesterday,由此可知E選項(xiàng)中的It was great talking to you yesterday by phone與其呼應(yīng)。 62.B根據(jù)地理常識可知希臘的首都是雅典,第二段末尾提及了then the ship across to Greece,由此可知B選項(xiàng)中的I cant wait to arrive in Athens...與之銜接最緊密。 63.D根據(jù)挖空處下一段的首句Well, I have to say
34、 I prefer the American Disneyland可知D選項(xiàng)中提及的 Euro Disney 是作者比較的對象。 64.C挖空處的上一段出現(xiàn)了Clive,挖空處后提及了After that, we went south into Switzerland。C選項(xiàng)中提及了Clive,并談及了Clive與作者不同的行程安排,所以C選項(xiàng)放在此處銜接自然。 65.A結(jié)合挖空后的See you soon可知信已寫到末尾。所以A選項(xiàng)中談及要寄出信等就合乎情理。,,方法幫,,【典例2】2017河南中考,閱讀D篇 Starting high school is a great experien
35、ce for any teenager. Whether you are coming from a middle school(grades six through eight) or a junior high school(grades seven through nine), there are many things about high school that are different from your old school environment.61. You will face being in a new school, making new friends in a
36、n unfamiliar class and getting to know new teachers. These new teachers will usually have higher academic(學(xué)術(shù)的)levels than your middle and junior-high school teachers. 62. In return, they expect you to work hard and develop your skills.,,方法幫,,,On top of all this, peer pressure(同伴壓力)to drink and smoke
37、 often increases in high school. 63. Although there is a lot of pressure, it is nothing you cannot deal with. If you are feeling pressure to do something that you feel is wrong, talk to a friend, parent, or counselor to find a solution(解決方法). 64. If you are not succeeding academically, find someon
38、e to help you. If you feel lonely, try to join a school club or group to make new friends. 65. With time, you will come to be thankful for everything about your experience. On the point of starting your high school, are you ready?,,方法幫,,根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容,從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng),使短文意思通順、內(nèi)容完整。 A. You will expe
39、rience many changes. B. They want to help you get into college. C. High school may seem discouraging at first. D. They are there to help you get into this great new time in your life. E.Besides, the pressure could also come from grades, loneliness and so on.,,方法幫,,,【短文大意】本文為即將進(jìn)入高中的學(xué)生提出了一些建議。 【備選項(xiàng)釋義】
40、 A. 你會(huì)經(jīng)歷很多變化。 B. 他們想要幫助你進(jìn)入大學(xué)。 C. 起初,高中(生活)也許看起來令人沮喪。 D. 他們會(huì)在那里幫助你適應(yīng)你生活中美好的新時(shí)期。 E. 除此之外,壓力還可能來自分?jǐn)?shù)、孤獨(dú)等。,,方法幫,,,【答案解析】 61.A文章第一段中提及了上高中對于任何一個(gè)青少年來說都是一次重要的體驗(yàn),有很多高中里的事情和原來的學(xué)校不同。下面兩段講的是可能會(huì)面臨的不同體驗(yàn),所以A選項(xiàng)放在此處符合邏輯。 62.B上文說These new teachers will usually have higher academic(學(xué)術(shù)的)levels than your middle and juni
41、or-high school teachers,下文說 In return, they expect you to work hard and develop your skills,由此可以看出B選項(xiàng)中的they指的是These new teachers,此處是說,這些老師想要幫助你升入大學(xué)。 63.E第三段首句提到了同學(xué)讓你喝酒、抽煙的壓力。設(shè)空處應(yīng)是說,當(dāng)然,壓力不限于這些,還有來自分?jǐn)?shù)和孤獨(dú)等的壓力。 64.D第四段說的是升入高中后遇到問題時(shí)的解決之道。設(shè)空前提到,如果覺得過得不如意,你可以向朋友、家長或?qū)焹A訴,故空處應(yīng)為他們會(huì)幫助你適應(yīng)新的生活。 65.C有了C選項(xiàng)起初,高中(生活)也許看起來令人沮喪,才會(huì)有設(shè)空處后面的假以時(shí)日你會(huì)感謝你所經(jīng)歷的一切。,
河南省2019中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 中考題型過關(guān) 題型三 閱讀理解課件.ppt
