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1、第二章 詞 類(lèi),第二節(jié) 冠 詞,知識(shí)梳理,一、冠詞的概念 冠詞是一種虛詞,本身沒(méi)有詞義,也不能單獨(dú)使用,要用在名詞或形容詞的前面。 二、冠詞的分類(lèi),三、冠詞的用法 1. 不定冠詞的用法 (1)與數(shù)詞one同源,表示“一個(gè)”,泛指某人或某物,但語(yǔ)氣不如one 強(qiáng)烈。 如:There is a lamp on the desk. (2)代表一類(lèi)人或物。 如:A driver is the one who drives. An elephant is the biggest animal on the land.,(3)不定冠詞a和an的選用 大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用a。如:a bag, a c
2、omputer 以元音字母a,e,i,o開(kāi)頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,通常在其前面用an。 如:an apple, an egg, an ice-cream, an orange 以元音字母u 開(kāi)頭的單詞,有兩種情況: a. 當(dāng)該字母的發(fā)音是元音/ /時(shí),前面用an。如:an umbrella, an uncle b. 當(dāng)該字母的發(fā)音是輔音/ju /時(shí),前面用a。如:a university student, a unit 有的單詞不是以元音字母開(kāi)頭,但是其第一個(gè)音素是元音音素的,也要用an。 如:an hour, an FM radio 【注】判斷一個(gè)單詞是否以元音開(kāi)頭,要根據(jù)單詞音標(biāo)的第一個(gè)因素。,
3、2. 定冠詞的用法 定冠詞the在句中或是文中可理解為“this”或“that”, 在復(fù)數(shù)句子中理解為 “these” 或“those”。有“這(那)個(gè)(些)”的意思,但語(yǔ)氣較弱,要和名詞連用來(lái)表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或物。 (1)特指雙方都明白的人或物。如:Look at the picture on the wall. (2)指上文已提到過(guò)的人或物。如:There is a boy at table. The boys name is Mike. (3)指世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky (4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類(lèi)事物。如:
4、the dollar, the fox,(5)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體。 如:They are the students of Class One. 他們是一班的學(xué)生。(指全體學(xué)生) They are students of Class One. 他們是一班的學(xué)生。(指部分學(xué)生) (6)與形容詞連用,表示一類(lèi)人。如:the rich, the poor (7)用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前。 如:on the second floor,the 12th birthday party,the tallest boy,the shortest player (8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的組織、機(jī)
5、構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有名詞前。 如:the Peoples Republic of China, the United States of America,(9)用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前。如:play the piano, play the violin, play the pipa (10)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人。如:the Greens, the Wangs (11)用在慣用語(yǔ)中。如:in the day, in the morning, the day after tomorrow 3. 零冠詞的用法 (1)國(guó)名、人名前通常不用定冠詞。 如:China is a great country.
6、 Bingo is his name. (2)在季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不用冠詞。 如:Spring is the first season of the year. Sunday is the first day of the week.,(3)在三餐之前,不用冠詞。如:have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner / supper (4)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不用冠詞。如:Failure is the mother of success. (5)在球類(lèi)名詞之前,不用冠詞。如:play basketball, play
7、football, play badminton (6)在學(xué)科、語(yǔ)言名詞之前, 不用冠詞。如: have Chinese class, speak English (7)當(dāng)by與交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),名詞之前不用冠詞。如:by bus, by train (8)當(dāng)名詞前面有this, that, my, his, every, some,名詞所有格等修飾詞時(shí),不用冠詞。 如:This is my schoolbag. Amys doll is pink.,(9)有些個(gè)體名詞,如:school, hospital等,當(dāng)它們直接置于介詞后時(shí),表示該名詞的深層含義;若名詞前加定冠詞th
8、e,則表示一般含義。如:,考點(diǎn)精析,考點(diǎn) 考查冠詞的用法 【例1】用a,an, the 或 / 填空。 1. She has apple and pear. 2. I can speak Chinese and English well. 3. Mike can play guitar and play football. 4. After I hadquick breakfast, I hurried to school.,解析:此類(lèi)題考查冠詞在句子中的使用。要注意掌握定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞的不同用法。 第1小題關(guān)鍵看apple 和pear 兩個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母的
9、發(fā)音是元音還是輔音;第2小題語(yǔ)言名詞前用零冠詞;第3小題樂(lè)器名詞前用定冠詞,球類(lèi)名詞前用零冠詞;第4小題注意三餐名稱(chēng)前若有形容詞,則可在形容詞前加不定冠詞 a。 答案:1. an;a2. /;/3. the;/4. a,舉一反三 1. 用 a 或 an 填空。 (1) eye (2) ear (3) mouth (4) old man (5) honest boy (6) useful book 2. 用正確的冠詞填空。 (1)We study 8 hours day. (2)He is tallest student in our clas
10、s. (3)I had breakfast at 7:00 this morning. (4)I often have big dinner on my birthday.,an,a,an,an,an,a,a,the,a,/,【例2】單項(xiàng)填空。 ()Mr Black will go to Beijing . A. by air B. by a plane C. take a plane 解析:本題考查冠詞的使用和短語(yǔ)的固定搭配。by 與交通工具連用時(shí),用零冠詞,B選項(xiàng)本身有錯(cuò),不可選;take a plane 本身沒(méi)有錯(cuò),但是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用在句子此處不合適。by air 與by pl
11、ane, by airplane, by aeroplane 同義,均意為“乘飛機(jī)”。 答案:A,舉一反三 3. 在下列句子中的橫線處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~或/。 (1) Lets go out for walk. (2) Did you have big dinner last night? (3) Washington is capital of USA. 4. 單項(xiàng)填空。 ( ) woman over there is popular teacher in our school. A. A; theB. The; aC. The; the,the,a,a,B,
12、過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè),一、用不定冠詞a或an 填空。 1. _____ egg2. _____ boy 3. _____ student4. _____ umbrella 5. _____ university6. _____ hour 7. _____ old house8. _____ young man 9. _____ English book 二、用a,an,the或 / 填空,補(bǔ)全句子。 1. I have _____English book. _____ book is very interesting. 2. That is _____ orange. Its _____ big oran
13、ge.,an,a,a,an,a,an,an,an,an,The,an,a,a,3. Today is _____ Sunday. Its _____ first day of a week. 4. _____ sun is much bigger than _____ moon. 5. Beijing is the capital(首都) of _____ China. 6. The sun comes out in _____ morning and sets down in _____ evening. 7. What _____ interesting film it is!I like
14、 _____ film very much. 8. Lets go for _____ walk, shall we? 9. Which is _____ biggest, _____ sun, _____ moon, or _____ earth? 10. I have two dogs. _____ black one is young and _____ yellow one is old.,/,the,The,the,/,the,the,an,a,the,the,the,the,The,the,the,三、單項(xiàng)填空。 ()1. Chen Jie is Chinese girl. A
15、. aB. anC. theD. / ()2. Mike is from America. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()3. This is useful book. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()4. He is artist. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()5. This is my pet dog. A. aB. anC. theD. /,A,D,A,B,D,,,,,,()6. Ann likes playing piano very much. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()7. Mrs Black often go
16、es to school to see her son John. A. aB. anC. theD. / ()8. This is map of world. A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; a () 9. Our classroom is on second floor. Lets go to classroom. A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; a ()10. Tokyo is capital of Japan. A. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; /,C,C,C,B,D,,,,,,,,,