人教版初一英語下冊各單元知識點總結(jié).doc

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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 人教版初一英語下冊各單元知識點總結(jié) Unit 1 Can you play the guitar? 一、 單詞與詞組 Join: 表示“參加，加入”，此處指參加社團或組織，成為其中的成員。 Join the army 參軍 join the NBA 加入美國籃球協(xié)會 Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club 參加體育/音樂/英語/象棋俱樂部 play 樂器類+the play the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano 非樂器類 no the play soccer/ basketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton （英式足球 / 籃球 / 排球 /英式足球，美式橄欖球/網(wǎng)球/羽毛球） Be good at+ sth./doing sth. 擅長做某事 Be good with sb 與…相處得好 Be good to sb…友好=be friendly to Be good for 對…有好處 Like to do sth.特指某一次的動作；like doing sth. 強調(diào)經(jīng)常性的愛好。兩者都表示喜歡做某事，在僅僅表達“喜歡”時兩者可以通用。 Tell: Tell stories 講故事 tell sb. sth. /to do sth. /not to do sth.告訴某人某事/不要做某事 Help: Help sb. to do sth. /help sb. with sth./ help sb. do sth. 幫助某人做某事 Help yourself/sb. (to sth.)把某物(尤其是指食物,飲料等)拿給自己/某人 can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 Call at 用于打某人的電話 e.g. Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742 Home:1. 表示動態(tài)概念。意思是“回家”，“到家”。前面不加介詞。這里的home 是副詞，表示目的地。 e.g. 1)When do you go home every day?你每天什么時候回家？ 2)He drives home after work.他下班的開車回家。 3)She often does some shopping on his way home. 她經(jīng)常在回家途中買些東西。 2. at home 表示靜態(tài)概念。意思是“在家”。這里的home是名詞，表示具體地點。e.g. 1) Is she at home? 她在家嗎？2)He left his book at home. 他把書放在家里了。 Go home 回家 get home 到家 at home 在家 Also 也，而且；較正式，用于肯定句，緊跟動詞。 也 e.g. I can speak English and I can also speak Chinese. 我能說英文也能說中文。 Too 多用于口語，放在句末。 E.g. Me too. Either 多用于否定句，放在句末。E.g. He hasn’t finished, either. 他也沒有完成。 Show sb. sth. /show sth. To sb. 展示給某人看 Show time 作秀時間，表演開始 talk show 脫口秀（美國脫口秀節(jié)目） Unit 2 What time do you go to school? 時間連詞：when=while 當…時 then 然后 after that 在那之后 at+時間點/sb. do sth. at about +時間點 for breakfast/lunch/dinner… 睡覺go to bed=go to sleep 睡覺 take a tap 午休，小睡一會兒 反：get up 起床 Time 表時間，不可數(shù)；表次數(shù)，可數(shù)。 Some times 幾次 sometimes 有時 some time 一段時間 sometime 某個時候 系動詞It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels嘗起來/聞起來/看起來/聽起來/摸起來（含被動意味，但不能用被動語態(tài)） tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like 嘗起來/聞起來/看起來/聽起來/摸起來像… either…or…二選一 neither…nor… 兩者都不 both 。。。and兩者都 連接兩個主語時，其謂語動詞應(yīng)與最近的一個主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即 "就近原則"。 e.g. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 Here引導(dǎo)的倒裝句表位置的副詞放在句首時， 如主語是代詞，不倒裝 ； 表位置的副詞放在句首時， 如主語是名詞，要用全部倒裝。 e.g. Here it is! Here he comes. (代詞不倒裝) Here is your ticket. Here comes the bus. （名詞倒裝） 關(guān)于時間的問法 (1)以when提問,“什么時候”可以是較長的時間段，也可以是較短的時間點 ?①When is your birthday???? 你的生日是什么時候？??? ?②My birthday is Dec. 29th.? 我的生日是12月29日。 這里就是指一天的時間段 ①When do you go home???? 你幾點回家？? ②I go home at 4:30 p.m.?? 我下午4：30回家. 這里when問的是具體的時間。 (2)具體幾點我們通常用what time提問 ①What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點了？? or?? What’s the time?? 幾點了？ It’s 9:26.?? 現(xiàn)在九點二十六。 ②What time is it by your watch???? 你手表幾點了？ It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minutes late? 8:36，哦，它慢了50分鐘。 ③What time do you get up???????? 你幾點起床？ I get up at 6:00 a.m.???????????? 我早上6點起床。 Unit 3 How do you get to school? many students是單指學(xué)生數(shù)量多，側(cè)重數(shù)量 many of the students是指學(xué)生中很多一部分，強調(diào)部分 too…太… 1. too much意為“太多”，+不可數(shù)名詞 e.g.I had too much housework to do yesterday . 昨天我有太多的家務(wù)活要干。 She talks too much . 她說話太多。 much too意思是“過分，太”，隱含了過分而不恰當之意，much too+形容詞或副詞，不+動詞。 e.g.The question is much too difficult . 這道題太難了。 You’re walking much too fast . 你走得太快了。 2.too…to…太…而不能….e.g. You are too young to study. 同： so…that…太…以至于… e.g.The river runs too quickly for boats.=The river runs too quickly to row a boat. =The river runs so quickly that people can’t row a boat to across the river. Unit 4 Don’t eat in class. 一、詞組 school rules 學(xué)校規(guī)章制度 break the rules 違反規(guī)章制度 make the rules 制定規(guī)章.. in the hallways 在過道 in the music room 在音樂教室里 in the dining hall 在餐廳 be in bed 在床上 be late for…遲到 listen to music 聽音樂 wash my clothes 洗衣服 make dinner 做飯 have to do 不得不做 too many+名詞復(fù)數(shù); too much +不可數(shù)名詞“太多” by ten o’clock 十點之前 on school nights 上學(xué)的晚上 on weekends 在周末 go to the children’s palace 去少年宮 after school 放學(xué)后 sports shoes 運動鞋 gym class 體育課 二、句型 (1)Don’t arrive late for class. (2)We can’t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside. (3)--What else do you have to do? -- We have to clean the classroom. (4)--Can we wear hats in school? --Yes, we can/ No, we can’t. (5)--Do you have to wear a uniform at school? --Yes, we do /No, we don’t. (6) What are the rules at your school? (7)重難點精析： 祈使句 通常用來表示命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告等語氣。它的主語you(聽話人)通常省略。其構(gòu)成通常有以下幾種形式。 １）Be型（即系動詞原型be+表語＋其他）。如： Be quiet,please. 否定句Don’t + be+表語+其他。如： Don’t be angry. ２）Do型（即系動詞原形＋賓語＋其他）。如： 　Open you books, please. 否定句Don’t +實義動詞原形+賓語+其他。如： Don’t eat in the classroom. ３）Let型（即Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他）如： Let me help you. Let’s go at six o’clock. 否定句一般在賓語后加not。如： Let’ not watch TV. ４）No+V-ing型（此種形式通常用于公共場合的提示語中，意為“禁止做某事“）如： No smoking!　嚴禁吸煙！ No talking! 不許交談！ No passing!　禁止通行！ No parking!　不許停車！ Must與have to 1.must表主觀看法，主觀上的必要 have to 表客觀需要 e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事) He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事） 2. have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。 3. 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： don't have to 表示"不必"；mustn't 表示"禁止"。 e.g. You don't have to (needn’t沒必要) tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。 You mustn't（can’t 不能）tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。 On time 準時，按時。 In time 及時，遲早 e.g. We were just in time for (to catch ) the bus. 我們及時趕上了公車。 The train pulled in on time. 車準時到站。 Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? 一、詞組 want to do sth .想要做某事　want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事　want sth 想要某物 Let sb do sth 讓某人做某事 Kind kind of 有幾分\種類 a kind of 一種… (all) kinds of 各種各樣的=various of like to do sth/like doing sth 喜歡做某事 play with …　與...一起玩 during the day 在白天 at night 在夜間 二、句型與日常交際用語 1、-why do you like pandas?/ -Why dose he like koalas? -Because they’re kind of interesting. 2、 Why do you want to see the lions? Because they’re … 3、-Where are lions from? -Lions are from South Africa. 4、-What (other) animals do you like? -I like elephants. 5. This is a symbol of good luck. …的象征 6. Have a good memory like an elephant. 形容記憶力好 7 .- How old are you?=What’s your age? –I’m ten years old./I’m ten. 8.-Do you like giraffes? -Yes, I do. / No, I don’t make of 與make from “由…組成” make of 看得出原材料，物理變化；make from 看不出原材料，化學(xué)變化。 e.g. We must save trees and not by things made of ivory(象牙). The paper is made of wood. The other, others, another, other的區(qū)別 1.other可作形容詞或代詞，做形容詞時，意思是“別的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如： Do you have any other question(s)? 你還有其他問題嗎？ Ask some other people. 問問別人吧！ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。 2.the other指兩個人或物中的一個時，只能用the other，不能用another，此時的other作代詞。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有兩個女兒，一個是護士，另一個是工人。 the other后可加單數(shù)名詞，也可加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，此時的other作形容詞。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一邊，有一棵大樹。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 瑪麗比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的對岸。 3.others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指“另外幾個”，“其余的”。在句中可作主語、賓語。如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我們一些人喜歡唱歌和跳舞，其余的從事體育活動。 Give me some others, please. 請給我別的東西吧！ There are no others. 沒有別的了。 4.the others意思是“其他東西，其余的人”。特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其他的（人或物）”。是the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 兩個男孩將去動物園，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，這在第2條中已經(jīng)有所介紹。 5.another=an other，既可作形容詞，也可作代詞，只能用于三個或更多的人或物，泛指同類事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一個”，只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如： I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜歡這一個，請給我看看另一個。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三個女兒。一個是護士，另一個是教師，還有一個是工人。 Let’s do sth , let’s=let us 讓我們做…… 人稱代詞用賓格 Let’s 之后跟動詞原形。 Let’s see the panda.我們看熊貓吧。 Let’s go! 我們走吧！ Unit 6 I’m watching TV. 一、詞組 do one’s homework 做家庭作業(yè) watch TV 看電視 eat dinner 吃飯；就餐 clean the room 打掃房間 talk on the phone 電話聊天 thanks for+n/doing為某事感謝某人 go shopping/swimming去購物/游泳 at the pool 在游泳池 at school 在學(xué)校 in the tree 在樹上 read newspaper/a book 看報紙／看書 write a letter 寫信 go to the movies =go to the cinema=watch a movie 看電影 take photos 拍照 wait for 等待；等候 TV show 電視節(jié)目 talk about 談?wù)摗璭.g. What are you talking about? some of…中的一些 a photo of my family 我的家庭照 be with 和……一起 with sb 和某人在一起 in the first/last photo在第一張/最后一張照片 二、句型與日常交際用語 1.-What+be+主語+doing? …正在做什么？ -主語＋be doing… …正在做某事 2.-Here are/is…例： Here are some of my photos. /Here is a photo of my family. 3.-Do you want to go to the movies? -Sure. 4.-When do you want to go? -Let’s go at seven. 5.-Where do people play basketball? -At school. 6.-What’s he waiting for? -He’s waiting for a bus. 7.-What’s he reading? -He’s reading a newspaper. 8. Can +do(動詞原形) 可以… e.g.You can see my family at home. 三、語法——現(xiàn)在進行時 1)現(xiàn)在在進行時的形式：助動詞be(am,is,are)+動詞-ing形式（也叫現(xiàn)在分詞），表示現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。 2)現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句形式：主語+be(am,is,are)+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 例：I’m watching TV. 3)現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句形式：主語+be(am,is,are)+not+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 例：They are not playing soccer. 4)現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句形式及回答： ——Is(am,are)+主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他? ——Yes,主語+is/am/are. No,主語+isn’t/aren’t/am not. 例：Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not. 5) 現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞+is/am/are+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他? 例：What is your brother doing? Unit 7 It’s raining! 一、詞組 play computer games 打電子游戲 lie on the beach 躺在沙灘上 play beach volleyball 打沙灘排球 in this heat 在酷暑中 in picture 在圖片里 on vacation 度假 on the beach 在海邊 around the world 世界各地 =all over the world be surprised at sth./sb.對某人或某人感到驚訝 be relaxed 放松 =feel relaxed have a good time 玩得很痛快 in different kind of weather 在不同的天氣里 thank sb for(doing)sth由于某事而感謝某人 some…others…一些…另一些… a group of people 一群人 look at sb doing/do sth 看某人正在做某事/做了某事（事情的全過程） everyone后只接人不跟of, 相當于everybody; every one 后跟人或物，可跟of。 e.g. Everyone is here. 每個人都在這。 Every one of the students likes the teacher. 每位學(xué)生都很喜歡這個老師。 二、句型／日常交際用語 (1)-How’s the weather(+地點)? -It’s rainy. /It’s cold and snowing. (2)-What’s the weather like?-The weather there is very hot. (3)-How’s it going(with sb.)?某人最近怎樣。/How was your trip? -Great. /Not bad./Terrible/Pretty good! (4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around the World show! (5)-Is Aunt Wang there? -Yes, she is/No, she isn’t (6) There are many people here on vacation. (7) See you later./See you soon. 之后見/很快見 (8) My phone isn’t working. 我的電話壞了。 Unit 8 Is there a post office near there? 一、詞組 post office 郵局 pay phone 投幣式公用電話 next to 在...隔壁 across from 在...對面 in front of 在...前面 between…and…　在...和...之間 on a street 在街上 in the neighborhood 在附近 on the right/left 在右邊／在左邊 behind…在…后面 on Green street 在格林街上 near…在…附近 go straight 一直走 go down(along)…沿著...走 welcome to… 歡迎 enjoy+名詞/doing喜歡做某事 have fun 過得愉快 on one’s right/left　在某人的右邊／左邊 turn right/left 向右／左轉(zhuǎn) take a walk 散步 the way to …去...的路 let sb do sth 讓某人做某事 take a taxi 打的／乘出租車 go through...穿過.. have a good trip 旅途愉快=have a good time. 玩的開心，過得愉快 arrive at（小地方） /in（大地方）到達 at the beginning of 在...開始的時候 at the end of 在...結(jié)束的時候 hope to do sth/that/for sth 希望做某事 （不可以用hope sb. to do sth.） help sb.to do sth./sb. sth. 幫助某人某事 in front of 與 in the front of 的區(qū)別 in front of就是指在某物的前方；in the front of是指在某物的內(nèi)部靠前的地方。 e.g. sit in the front of the classroom. 指坐在教室前排的。 sit in front of the classroom指坐在教室前面 (教室外面的前面)。 It cost sb. st. to do sth./some moey sb. spend time on sth. /(in) doing sth./sb. spend some money. 花費時間/金錢做某事 二、句型。 1、Is there a ….?句型．Eg: -Excuse me. Is there a hotel in /near the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. No. there isn’t 2、Where is …?句型．Eg: -Where is the park, please? -It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答) -I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答) 3、Which is the way to +地點? 句型.如： Which is the way to the library? 4、How can I get to +地點?句型.如： How can I get to the restaurant? 5、Can you tell me the way to +地點？/Could you please tell me ….句型.如： Can you tell me the way to the post office? 6、Let me tell you the way to my house. 7、Just go straight and turn left. 三、日常交際用語 1、Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is .It’s on Centre Street. /No, there isn’t. 2、Where’s the supermarket? It’s next to the library. 3、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun. 4、I hope you have a good trip. 5．If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant. 6、Talk a walk though the park.. 7、I know you are arriving next Sunday. 我知道你下周日要來。 8、Time goes by./time goes quickly. 時間流逝/時間流逝得飛快 Unit 9 What dose he look like? 一、詞組 curly /short/straight/long hair卷／短／直發(fā) of medium height/build中等高度／身體 a little bit+形容詞　一點兒… a pop singer　一位流行歌手 be popular with sb　在…流行 not…any more　不再 good-looking　好看 wear glasses　戴眼鏡 have a new look　呈現(xiàn)新面貌 the captain of the basketball team　籃球隊隊長 Nobody knows me　沒有人認識我 二、句型 1）--What does he look like? --He’s really short. He has short hair./ He is of medium build. 2）Do you know I have a new friend in Class Five？ 3）--She has beautiful, long black hair. --I don’t think he’s so great . 6) stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事 如: He stop listening--She never stops talking. stop to do (sth)表示停下來去做某事 如: He stops to listen. 7) I can go shopping and nobody knows me. 8) -Is he tall or short? –He’s of medium height. 9) He has long straight brown hair. 描述順序：形狀大?。╨ong/short）-年齡-顏色-國籍 Unit 10 I’d like some noodles. 一、詞組 would like+ n/to do 想要 a large/medium/small bowl of 大碗/中碗/小碗 what size 什么尺寸 orange juice 桔汁 green tea 綠茶 what kind of 表示….的種類 a kind of 一種… some kind of 許多種… a bowl of rice 一碗米飯 a bottle of orange juice 一瓶桔子汁(不可數(shù)) three oranges 三個桔子(可數(shù)) some chicken 一些雞肉(不可數(shù)) three chickens 三只小雞(可數(shù)) gongbao chicken 宮爆雞丁 mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍下 cut off 切斷 cut out 切掉 二、句型 １）What kind of … would you like? 你想要…? ２）--What size bowl of noodles would you like? 　　--I like a small bowl of noodles. ３）We have large ,medium, and small bowls. ４）I like dumplings, I don’t like noodles. 三、日常交際用語 １）--Can I help you?/ What can I do for you?/May I take your order? 　　--I’d like some noodles. please. ２）--What kind of noodles would you like? 　　--I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please. ３）--Would you like a cup of green tea? 　　--Yes, please. /No, thanks 　　would like后面還可以跟不定式.即: 　　A: would like to do sth.想要做某事　He would like to see you today. 　　B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事　What would you like me to do. If If 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 e.g. If he or she blows(從句) out all the candles in one go, the wish will （主句）come true. If it doesn’t （從句）rain, we will（主句） play basketball. It it 作形式主語。結(jié)構(gòu)：it+be(is/was)+（for sb.）+to do sth. （對某人來說）做某事怎么樣 e.g. It’s getting more and more popular to have cake on your birthday. = It becomes more and more popular that people have cake on their birthday. ?Unit 11 How was you weekend? 一、詞組 do some reading　閱讀 study for the (math) test　準備（數(shù)學(xué)）考試 have a party/ do some sports　做運動 practice+n/doing　練習(xí)… what aout/ How about+n/doing　做什么怎么樣 stay at home　呆家里 go to summer camp　去夏令營 go shopping 　去購物 go to the beach/pool　去沙灘/游泳 go to the mountains　去爬山 last month　上個月 three days ago　三天前 yesterday　昨天 the day before yesteday 前天 the day after tomorrow 后天 look for　尋找 look after 照顧，看管 look out (for) 留神，注意 look up 查找 go for a walk　散步 in the morning/afternoon/evening　在早上／在下午／在晚上 on Sunday morning　在某個具體一天的上午、下午用介詞on play computer games　玩電腦游戲 spend money/time on sth/(in) doing sth　花費…做… watch sb do/doing sth　看某人做了某事/正在做某事 二、句型 １）I visited my aunt last weekend. ２）-- How was your weekend? --It was great./OK ３）It was time for sb to do sth. 三、日常交際用語 １）--What did you do last weekend? --On Saturday morning,I played teenis. ２）--How was your weekend? --It was great.I went to the brach. 感嘆句 What + a／an + 形容詞 + 名詞單數(shù) (+ 主語+動詞)/What + 形容詞 + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) (+ 主語 + 動詞)/ What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 (+主語+動詞) e.g.What a beautiful girl she is! （單數(shù)） What beautiful girls they are! （復(fù)數(shù)） What delicious milk it is! （不可數(shù)） How + 形容詞/副詞 (+ 主語 + 動詞） How beautiful this girl is！ 以上有點麻煩，簡單記： 把感嘆句從后面把主語和謂語（句子）挑出，然后看前面的感嘆部分，若有名詞，就用what；若無，就用how。但是注意單數(shù)時候：what a careful student she is! = How careful a student sh is! 練習(xí)： _____nice it is today! _____ a nice day it is today! _____ ugly animals they are! What a big box it is! == How big the box is! What nice weather it is!== How nice the weather is! What clean rooms they are!== How clean the rooms are! Unit 12 What did you do last weekend? 一、詞組 ptetty good 相當好；不錯 in the conner 在角落 kind of boring 有點無聊 be lost 迷路 feel happy 感到高興 be fun 很有趣 on vacation 在度假 Central Park 中央公園 the Great Wall 長城 the Palace Museum 故宮 Tian’an Men Square 天安門廣場 make sb adj 使某人… make sb do sth 使某人做某事 decide to do sth決定做某事 二、句型 1)--Where did you go on vacation? --I went to the breach. 2)--How was the weather? --It was hot and humid. 3)--It was kind of boring 4)--That made me feel very happy. 5)--We had great fun playing in the water. --have great fun doing sth表示“愉快地做某事”，“做某事很有趣” 6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy. make sb.do.sth. 使某人做某事let （make）sb.do.sth. 7)I found a small boy crying in the conner. Find／see sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事。find sb.do.sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事（整個過程）  THANKS !!! 致力為企業(yè)和個人提供合同協(xié)議，策劃案計劃書，學(xué)習(xí)課件等等 打造全網(wǎng)一站式需求 歡迎您的下載，資料僅供參考 -可編輯修改-