《語法專題訓(xùn)練》PPT課件.ppt

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倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),知識(shí)的殿堂,Thisisbecausewefeelpain．,咱們出去走走，好嗎?請讓我核對一下帳單。充足的睡眠有益于健康。太陽從東方升起。這是因?yàn)槲覀兡芨械教弁础?Letsgoforawalk,shallwe?,Pleaseletmecheckthebill.,Plentyofsleepishealthful．,Thesuncomesupintheeast．,CrazyEnglishSentences,倒裝語序分為“全部倒裝”和“部分倒裝”。在全部倒裝的句子中，整個(gè)謂語都放在主語的前面；在部分倒裝的句子中，只是謂語中的一部分（如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be等）放在主語前面，其余部分仍放在主語后面。下面將常見的倒裝情況分述如下：,1、倒裝句之全部倒裝,全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)一般。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首,謂語動(dòng)詞常用be,come,go,lie,run等，例如：Theregoesthebell./Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，例如：Outrushedagroupofstudentsfromtheclassroom.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：Herehecomes./Awaytheywent.,2、倒裝句之部分倒裝,部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語之前。1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.當(dāng)Notuntil引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意：如否定詞不在句首不倒裝，例如：Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidntleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.,典型例題—WhycantIsmokehere?—Atnotime_______inthemeeting-room.A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit,答案A.這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本題的正常語序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.,Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_______whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow,答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D中選一個(gè)。改寫為正常語序?yàn)?，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。,3、以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝如:Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…thanNotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.,典型例題Nosooner_______thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun,答案D.以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句(謂語前置)。這類表示否定意義的詞有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but(also),nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when等等。,注意：只有當(dāng)Notonly…butalso連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.,4、so,neither,nor作部分倒裝表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒裝，例如：TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.,典型例題--DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?--Idontknow,_____.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso,答案B。nor為增補(bǔ)意思"也不關(guān)心"，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A.錯(cuò)在用dont再次否定，C.neither用法不對且缺乏連詞。D.缺乏連詞。,注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.“Itsraininghard.”“Soitis.”,5、as,though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞,副詞,分詞,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前），例如：Oldasmyfatheris,hekeepsupwithhisEnglishstudy.Childasheis,heknowssomethingofelectricity.Tiredashewas,hecontinuedtowork.Youngasshewas,shewasalreadydirectorofafactory.Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.,注意：1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語,隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。2)讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可連用。,6、only在句首要倒裝的情況Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝，例如：Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.,7、其他部分倒裝1)so…that句型中的so位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：Mayyouallbehappy.3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were,had,should等詞，可將if省略，把were,had,should移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,典型例題：1.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury______whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknewC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow2.NotuntilIbegantowork______howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealize3.—DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?—Idontknow,_______.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso,答案為D。Notuntil引導(dǎo)的詞組位于句首，后面的句子要倒裝。答案為B。Notuntil引導(dǎo)從句位于句首，后面的主句要倒裝。答案為B。句中的nor引出部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"也不"。由so,neither,nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。,倒裝句考查熱點(diǎn)歸納一、與only有關(guān)的倒裝句1.(2004重慶)Ifailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythen_______theimportanceofstudies.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize2.(2001北京)_______canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard3.(2005福建)Onlyaftermyfriendcame________.A.didthecomputerrepairB.herepairedthecomputerC.wasthecomputerrepairedD.thecomputerwasrepaired4.(2001上海春季)Onlywhenthewarwasover_____tohishometown.A.didtheyoungsoldierreturnB.theyoungsoldierreturnedC.returnedtheyoungsoldierD.theyoungsoldierdidreturn,C,D,,C,A,5.(2003上海)Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked_______.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin,解題要領(lǐng)：only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：only+副詞／介詞短語／狀語從句+助動(dòng)詞+句子剩余部分。技巧點(diǎn)撥：①only修飾主語時(shí)，不需要倒裝；②倒裝是把助動(dòng)詞提前，而不是把謂語動(dòng)詞提前。同時(shí)還需考慮題目的時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)；③倒裝是指主句的語序倒裝，only修飾的狀語從句或句子中的其它附屬從句語序不變。,D,二、與notonly…butalso有關(guān)的倒裝句1.(1991上海卷)Notonly______polluted,but______crowded.A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;thestreetswereC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;werethestreets2.(2002上海春季卷)Notonly______interestedinfootballbut______beginningtoshowaninterest.A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisB.theteacherhimselfis;areallC.istheteacherhimself;areallD.istheteacherhimself;allhis3.(2004上海卷)______snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.NotonlytheyboughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring,C,D,B,解題要領(lǐng)：notonly引導(dǎo)的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)為：notonly+助動(dòng)詞+句子剩余部分。notonly…butalso…在連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，前面的句子要倒裝，后面的句子不倒裝。技巧點(diǎn)撥：識(shí)別此類題目干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：①兩個(gè)句子都倒裝；或者兩個(gè)句子都不倒裝；②前面的句子不倒裝，后面的句子倒裝；③缺少助動(dòng)詞。,三、與neither有關(guān)的倒裝句1.(2004廣東卷)Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither______anyendtotheirinfluenceonman’slives.A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere2.(2004全國卷Ⅲ)—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible.—_______.A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI,C,B,解題要領(lǐng)：neither／nor放在句首，表示前面的否定內(nèi)容也適用于另一個(gè)人或物。技巧點(diǎn)撥：neither／nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為：neither／nor+助動(dòng)詞+主語(therebe句型應(yīng)為there)。,四、與否定副詞有關(guān)的倒裝句1.(1995全國卷)Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver______howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize2.(2000上海)Notasinglesong______atyesterday’sparty.A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing3.(2000北京卷)IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmy1ife______sohappy.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfell,A,C,,D,4.(2003全國卷)Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce______witheachother.A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled5.(2005上海)Neverbefore______ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.A.hasthiscitybeenB.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscityD.thiscitywas6.(2005天津)TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_____theyknowaboutGerman.A.haveB.didC.hadD.do,C,A,D,解題要領(lǐng)：否定詞引導(dǎo)的倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：否定詞+句子／名詞+助動(dòng)詞+句子剩余部分?？键c(diǎn)延伸：類似的考點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：little／seldom／hardly／often／manyatime／rarely／innoway／scarcely／atnotime／nowhere...+助動(dòng)詞+句子剩余部分；nosoonerhad…than…(一……就……)；hardlyhad…when…(一……就……)等結(jié)構(gòu)。,,五、與as有關(guān)的倒裝句1.(2001上海)______,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho’sascapableasJohn.A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch2.(2005重慶)_______,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.Bea0uietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent3.(2005廣東)_______,Carolinacouldn’tgetthedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry,,C,B,A,解題要領(lǐng)：as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：形容詞／副詞／名詞／動(dòng)詞+as+主謂。技巧點(diǎn)撥：當(dāng)表語為名詞時(shí)，則名詞前不加任何冠詞.,六、與虛擬條件句有關(guān)的倒裝句1.(1994全國卷)_______itraintomorrow，wewouldhavet0put0ffthevisittoYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will2.(1995上海卷)_______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot,B,C,解題要領(lǐng)：在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，若省略了if，則直接把were,had或should等助動(dòng)詞放在句首。其余的句子成分順序不改變。,七、與so有關(guān)的倒裝句1.(2005全國卷III)Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,_______.A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn’ttooD.nordoesJohn2.(2005湖北)—Father,youpromised!—Well,_______.Butitwasyouwhodidn’tkeepyourwordfirst.A.sowasIB.sodidIC.so1wasD.soIdid3.(2005江蘇)________aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.A.SocurionsthecouplewasB.SocuriouswerethecoupleC.HowcuriousthecouplewereD.Thecouplewassuchcurious,,D,D,B,4.(2005遼寧)—WellIdothinktherabbitisabeautiful，gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryflast.—_______.A.SoitisB.SoisitC.SodoesitD.Soitdoes,A,八、與however有關(guān)的倒裝句1.(1997全國卷)_______,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateB.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis2.(2004上海春季)________,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing3.(2004湖北卷)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleep_____muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever,D,C,A,4.(2005天津)Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_______difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverD.although,A,解題要領(lǐng)：however倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)為：however+形容詞(名詞)／副詞+從句主謂。其余的句子成分順序不改變。考點(diǎn)延伸：類似的考點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：nomatterhow+形容詞／副詞+從句主謂。例如：Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis,wemustmanagetosolveit.無論問題有多么困難，我們都必須設(shè)法解決。,5.(2005安徽)—Maggiehadawonderfultimeattheparty.—_____,andsodidI.A.SoshehadB.SohadsheC.SoshedidD.Sodidshe6.(2001上海)Sodifficult______ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel,C,D,解題要領(lǐng)：1.so…that引導(dǎo)的倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：so+形容詞／副詞+主句助動(dòng)詞+句子剩余部分。注意：從句不倒裝。2.若so放在句首，表示前面的肯定內(nèi)容也適用于另一個(gè)人或物。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：so+助動(dòng)詞+主語(therebe句型應(yīng)為there)。注意：“so+主語+助動(dòng)詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是：……確實(shí)這樣。考點(diǎn)延伸：類似的考點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：such…that引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：such+a／an+形容詞+名詞+主句助動(dòng)詞+句子剩余部分。例如：Suchadifficultproblemisitthatnoonecanworkitout。這道題如此之難，沒有一個(gè)人能算出來。,,Good-bye!,