高考英語（四海八荒易錯集）專題05 介詞與介詞短語

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專題05 介詞與介詞短語 1.The university started some new language programs to cater the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt. 【解析】句意：大學開始開設(shè)一些新的語言項目，以迎合中國的絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶。固定表達cater for 迎合，滿足所需。 【答案】for 2. The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. 【解析】句意：整個團隊依靠Cristians Ronaldo，他很少讓他們失望。固定表達count on依靠，指望。 【答案】on 3. Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but Thomas Edison. 【解析】句意：如果沒有托馬斯愛迪生的話，我們現(xiàn)在所受益的許多東西是不會出現(xiàn)的。but for如果沒有的話。 【答案】for 4. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? 【答案】to 5. Most people work because its unavoidable. contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work. 【解析】句意：大多數(shù)人工作是因為無法避免，相比之下，也有一些人真的喜歡工作。固定表達by contrast相比之下。 【答案】By 6. We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal our emotions than for straight facts. 【解析】句意：我們傾向于對令感官興奮的或吸引我們情感的東西記憶深刻。固定表達appeal to對……有吸引力。 【答案】to 7. These comments came in response specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 【解析】句意：這些解釋是對當?shù)赜浾呓?jīng)常詢問的特定問題的回應。固定表達in response to作為對……的回答，作為對……的反應。 【答案】to 8. This meeting room is a non－smoking area.I would like to warn you advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 【解析】句意：這個會議室是禁煙區(qū)。我想提前警告你，如果你吸煙，你會被罰款的。固定表達in advance預先，提前。 【答案】in 9. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ the average. 【解析】句意：去年是有記錄以來最熱的一年，比全球平均氣溫高0.68度。above 高于，在……之上，符合句意。 【答案】above 10. The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street. 【答案】by 易錯起源1、介詞辨析 例1．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average. A. below B. on C. at D. above 【答案】D 【解析】句意：去年是有紀錄以來最熱的一年，全球平均氣溫上升0.68度。With 的賓語global temperature ，賓語補足above the average。 【變式探究】September 30 is the day ______ which you must pay your bill. A. by B. for C. with D. in 【答案】A 【解析】介詞by到…時為止；通過；for為了，因為；with和…；in在…里面；句義：你必須在9月30日這一天之前付賬單的。根據(jù)句義可知本句中的by表示到…時為止。故A正確。 【名師點睛】 一、表示時間的介詞 1．in，on，at，over (1)in表示在一段時間之內(nèi)。通常時間較長，如世紀、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如： in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer， in January，in ones thirties，in the morning等。 (2)on表示具體的某一天及其早、中、晚。如： on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January, on a fine morning等。 (3)at表示在一個時間點上。指某一時刻或較短暫的時間，也泛指圣誕節(jié)，復活節(jié)等。如： at 3：20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。 (4)over后面接一段時間，表示“超過……”或“在……期間”。如： David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months. (5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如： He went to Japan last year. We meet every day. 2．in，after (1)“in＋一段時間”表示將來的一段時間之后。如： My mother will come back in three or four days. (2)“after＋一段時間”表示過去的一段時間之后。如： He arrived after five months. (3)“after＋具體時間”表示將來或過去的某一時刻之后。如： She will appear after five oclock this afternoon. The rain began to fall after seven. 3．from，since，for (1)from后接具體時間，說明從什么時候開始，不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久。如： I hope to do morning exercises from today. (2)since后接具體過去時間，表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻，通常與完成時連用。如： We have not seen each other since 2010. (3)for后接一段時間，通常與完成時連用。如： I have been in the army for 5 years. 【錦囊妙計，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 二、表示地點方位的介詞 1．a(chǎn)t，in，on，to (1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近；在……旁邊”。如： He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk. (2)in表示在大地方或“在……范圍之內(nèi)”。如： He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Shandong lies in the east of China. (3)on表示毗鄰或接壤。如： Russia lies on the north of China. (4)to表示“在……范圍外”，不強調(diào)是否接壤。如： Japan is to the east of China. 2．a(chǎn)bove，over，on (1)above意為“在……上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不強調(diào)是否垂直，與below相對。如： The bird is flying above my head. (2)over意為“在……之上”，表示垂直高于，與under相對。over強調(diào)與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。如： There is a bridge over the river. (3)on意為“在……之上”，表示在某物體上面并與之接觸。如： He put his watch on the desk. 2．a(chǎn)bove，over，on (1)above意為“在……上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不強調(diào)是否垂直，與below相對。如： The bird is flying above my head. (2)over意為“在……之上”，表示垂直高于，與under相對。over強調(diào)與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。如： There is a bridge over the river. (3)on意為“在……之上”，表示在某物體上面并與之接觸。如： He put his watch on the desk. 易錯起源2、考查介詞短語辨析 例2. These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen. A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of 【答案】B 【變式探究】What we expect from you is working hard hardly working. A. less than B. rather than C. as well as D. as much as 【答案】B 【解析】介詞動詞less than少于…；rather than而不是…；as well as…和…同…也…并；as much as…多達…；句義：我們對你的期待是努力工作而不是幾乎不工作。根據(jù)句義說明B正確。 【錦囊妙計，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 高考主要考查學生對固定短語的掌握程度、對短語意義的了解以及介詞在這些固定搭配中的應用。 1．名詞詞組：如on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根據(jù)某人的看法；on time準時；out of reach夠不著 2．動詞詞組：如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.搶劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at訪問(某地) 3．形容詞詞組：如be curious about對……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的歡迎 4．介詞短語：如apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(還)；because of因為；instead of代替；in fear of為……提心吊膽；for fear of以免；in case of防備，萬一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中間according to根據(jù)；in front of在……前面；in return for作為對……的回報；in charge of負責；as a result of作為……的結(jié)果；in exchange for與……交換等。 易錯起源3、考查介詞或介詞短語的用法 例3、_______A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform. A. of B. on C. to D. with 【答案】A 【解析】考察介詞辨析。A.of表示關(guān)于，表示從屬關(guān)系；B.on表示在…之上；C.to表示對于；D.with表示和…在一起。該句意思為：他們共有的關(guān)于他們學校的記憶是校服。故選A 【變式探究】Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ______ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting. A. in demand B. in store C. on loan D. on sale 【答案】B 【名師點睛】 三、表示運動方向的介詞 1．a(chǎn)cross，over，through (1)across表示從物體表面穿過，與on有關(guān)。如： across the playground/square/desert/river (2)over表示動作是在空中進行的。如： He jumped over the wall. (3)through表示從物體里面穿過，與in有關(guān)。也可表示時間，指“開始到結(jié)束)經(jīng)歷了……”。如： through the pipe/forest/door We work hard all through the year. 2．in，into (1)in通常表示靜態(tài)，意為“在……里面”。如： We walked in the park. 我們在公園里走著。 (2)into通常表示動態(tài)，意為“進入到……里面”。如： We walked into the park. 我們走進了公園。 【錦囊妙計，戰(zhàn)勝自我】 四、表示原因的介詞 1．for表示原因時，常與sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等詞連用。如： I am sorry for what I said to you. 2．a(chǎn)t表示引起某種情感變化的原因，常與表示看、聽或喜、怒、吃驚的詞連用，意為“因聽到或看到……而……”。如： He was surprised at the news. 3．from常接抽象名詞表示自然、間接或外在的原因，如受傷、車禍等。如： He died from the wound. 4．of多用于表示自身或內(nèi)在的原因，如病、餓等。如： The old man died of hunger. 5．with指生理上或情感上由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。如： Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger. 6．by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。如： She took your umbrella by mistake. 她錯拿了你的雨傘。 7．over一般用于cry，weep，laugh等帶有感情色彩的動詞后，表示所發(fā)生的事情的原因。如： She wept over the death of her daughter. We laughed over the victory. 8．because of表示引起結(jié)果的直接原因。如： He retired last month because of his illness. 9．thanks to表示引起某種幸運結(jié)果的原因，常意為“幸虧……，多虧……”。如： Thanks to John, we won the game. 1. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some good quality pipes sale. 【解析】考查介詞搭配。她發(fā)現(xiàn)一些優(yōu)質(zhì)的煙斗在出售中。固定短語on sale出售，廉價出售。 【答案】on 2.But Mr.Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution these villages without a local shop. 【解析】考查介詞搭配。?？怂瓜壬Ｍ@個新的發(fā)明能給沒有商店的村子提供一個解決的方法。固定表達offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物。 【答案】to 3. When Jane got home，with her small but well－chosen present in her bag，her parents were already table having supper. 【答案】at 4.He was very tired doing this for a whole day. 【解析】考查介詞?！八械嚼邸睉恰霸谛列量嗫喔闪艘徽熘蟆保硎尽霸凇蟆币媒樵~after。另外，表示“因做某事而累”也可用be tired from/with doing來表示，故也可填from/with。 【答案】after/from/with 5. Going to college helps build a strong mind，which leads greater success in ones life. 【解析】考查介詞搭配。這能夠?qū)е氯松懈蟮某晒?。固定短語lead to導致。 【答案】to 6.Respect is very important home，at school，and everywhere you go. 【解析】考查固定搭配。at home在家。 【答案】at 7. First，some of us are upset their body styles and looks. 【解析】考查固定搭配。我們中的一些人對自己的體型和長相感到非常失望。be upset about對……感到沮喪/難過。 【答案】about 8. The spirit then advised them to wrap the rice and bind it throwing it into the river. 【解析】考查介詞。“將它裹好、綁好”應是在“將粽子扔進河里”之前。 【答案】before 9. the first college graduate out of a remote village，my success set an example for my folks. 【解析】考查介詞。作為第一個從山村里走出來的大學生，我的成功給我的同胞樹立了榜樣。as作為。 【答案】As 10.Brianna said that every day she would walk into kindergarten and see a smile my face. 【答案】on 11. According to Jack，there are eight boys in his class who failed， (include) himself and Scott. 【解析】考查介詞。根據(jù)杰克的話，班里有八個男生不及格，包括他自己和斯科特。including包括，包含。 【答案】including 12. Some chopsticks are decorated colored pictures. 【解析】考查固定搭配。一些筷子用彩色的圖畫裝飾。be decorated with由……裝飾。 【答案】with 13. We are going to travel on camels the Sahara Desert. 【解析】考查介詞。我們將騎駱駝穿過撒哈拉沙漠。through通過。 【答案】through 14.I turned the guides for help，but they were impatient. 【解析】考查固定搭配。turn to sb.for help向某人尋求幫助。 【答案】to 15. I had no idea you were coming，but I am certainly glad to see you.I was feeling very nervous about going there friends. 【解析】考查介詞。沒有朋友一起去，我會很緊張的。without沒有。 【答案】without 16.They expect answers to get them back their feet again. 【解析】考查介詞搭配。on ones feet站立，get sb back on ones feet跌倒后再爬起來。 【答案】on 17. That is true for me，but I know that my husband listens to the radio while he is working home. 【解析】考查介詞搭配。我丈夫在家工作時聽收音機。at home在家。 【答案】at 18. “Thank you，sir.And God bless you.”the grateful child said to him and then pushed his brother down the sidewalk their home. 【解析】考查介詞。這個感激的男孩感謝了他，然后推著他的哥哥朝家里走去。表示“向，朝”要用介詞toward(s)。 【答案】toward(s) 19. James Watt would not have made the steam engine his curiosity about the rising of the kettle lid. 【解析】考查介詞。沒有對燒水時被頂起來的壺蓋的好奇心，詹姆斯瓦特也就不會發(fā)明蒸汽機。without沒有或but for要不是。 【答案】without/but for 20. I will go to Liverpool business tomorrow morning. 【答案】on