《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》.ppt

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《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》WritingChemistryPapersinEnglishandInternationalAcademicCommunications,主講：黃少銘教授溫州大學(xué)化學(xué)與工程學(xué)院,課程的目的和意義(Purpose（2）同一期刊由于被收錄的數(shù)據(jù)庫不同,數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計的結(jié)果也會明顯不同;（3）“被引用的總次數(shù)”是“正引”(肯定所引結(jié)果)還是“負(fù)引”(否定所引結(jié)果)、（4）是"他引"還是"自引",在做統(tǒng)計時如果不加以區(qū)別,影響因子的高低并不能絕對全面反映科技期刊學(xué)術(shù)質(zhì)量的高低。,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,TopJournalsNATURE28.7SCIENCE26.4CHEMREV22.8NatureMater.19.8NatureNanootech.14.9ACCOUNTSCHEMRES13.1CHEMSOCREV13.1NATMATER13.5NANOLETT9.6ADVMATER8.2MRSBULL5.2NANOTECHNOLOGY3.3ANGEWCHEMINTEDIT10JAMCHEMSOC7.9CHEMCOMMUN4.0ADVFUNCTMATER5.7PHYSREVLETT6.9APPLPHYSLETT4.1,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,Small6.4ORGLETT4.2JORGCHEM3.5ANALCHEM5.5MACROMOLECULES3.8JPHYSCHEMB4.0JCATAL4.1CHEM-EURJ4.5LANGMUIR3.3JCHEMPHYS3.1CARBON3.3JPHYSCHEMA2.6CHEMMATER4.1JMATERCHEM2.7JMATERRES1.9CHEMPHYSLETT2.4THINSOLIDFILMS1.6JAMCERAMSOC1.7,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,據(jù)“ISI2006年度期刊引用報告（JCR）”統(tǒng)計，被SCI收錄的中國與化學(xué)有關(guān)的主要期刊及影響因子：《化學(xué)學(xué)報》0.895《中國科學(xué)》（B）0.817《中國化學(xué)》0.768《高等學(xué)?；瘜W(xué)學(xué)報》0.764《有機(jī)化學(xué)》0.74《結(jié)構(gòu)化學(xué)》0.734《科學(xué)通報》0.683《無機(jī)化學(xué)學(xué)報》0.60《自然科學(xué)進(jìn)展》0.485《物理化學(xué)學(xué)報》0.407《高分子學(xué)報》0.431《分析化學(xué)》0.412《高分子科學(xué)（英文）》《催化學(xué)報》《中國稀土學(xué)報》0.305《中國化學(xué)快報》0.305,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,第二章：化學(xué)論文的英語的寫作2.1化學(xué)論文寫作的一般原則(generalrules)(1)scientificimportanceSCI(ScientificCitationIndex)ImpactFactor(2)creativeness:point(3)accuracy(4)repeatable,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,Beforeexperiment…,Literaturereview,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,Experimentation,Thinkingwhiledoing,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,2．2化學(xué)論文的種類、結(jié)構(gòu)和格式2.2.1化學(xué)論文的種類(1)ResearchPaper（originalresearchpaper）Letters(快報）：NanoLetters，OrganicLetters,AppliedPhysicalLetters(APL),ChemicalPhysicsLetter(CPL),PhysicalReviewLetters(PRL)etc.Communication（通訊）:ChemicalCommunication(Chem.Comm.),Letters:aremeantforpublicationofimportantnewresultsinconciseform.,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,ShortNotes:completeandconciseaccountofarestrictedareaofworkFullPaper:complete,authoritative,andscientificallysoundaccountsofworkwhicharepresentedclearlyandconcisely.(2)ReviewArticles(評論性文章）arecommissionedbytheEditorsontheadviceoftheEditorialAdvisoryBoard.,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,2.2.2化學(xué)論文的常見結(jié)構(gòu)和格式Structureandformatofachemistrypaper?Title+subtitle(論文題名+副標(biāo)題)?Authors+correspondenceaddress(作者姓名+通訊地址)?Abstract+Keyword(摘要+關(guān)鍵詞)?Introduction(引言)?Experimental(實驗)?Results5,Template-FreeDirectionalGrowthofSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubesona-andr-PlaneSapphireSongHan,XiaoleiLiu,andChongwuZhou*DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringsElectrophysics,UniVersityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngeles,California90089,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,however,itremainsdifficulttoproduceplanarnanotubearraysoverlargeareaswithsufficientlyhighdensityandorder.Iijimaetal.studiedthegrowthofSWNTsusingiron-film-coatedsapphiresubstrates,butnoorientationcontroland,hence,noorderednanotubearrayswereobserved.6Recently,alignednanotubeshavebeenshowntogrowalongthestepedgesonmiscutc-planesapphiresubstrates;7however,thereiscurrentlyalackofcontroloverthemiscutangle,thusresultinginsignificantvariationsintheas-grownnanotubeorientationanddensity.Wereportasurprisingdiscoveryofhighthroughputgrowthofhighlyalignedsingle-walledcarbonnanotubearraysona-planeandr-planesapphiresubstrateswithnegligiblemiscutwithouttheapparentinvolvementofstepedges.Incontrast,randomorientationswereobservedfornanotubesgrownonm-planeandc-planesapphirewithnegligiblemiscut.Ourresultsclearlyrevealtheimportanceofthesapphiresubstratecrystallographyandprovideaviablewaytoobtainalignednanotubearrays.,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,VersatileSynthesisofIndividualSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubesfromNickelNanoparticlesfortheStudyofTheirPhysicalProperties,IntroductionCarbonnanotubes(CNTs)haveattractedagreatdealofinterestinthefieldoffundamentalphysicsatthesinglemoleculelevelandbecauseoftheirtremendouspotentialforfuturetechnologicalapplications.1BecausethepropertiesofCNTsingeneralstronglydependontheirstructuralcharacteristics(e.g.,diameter,chirality,length),thecontrolandcharacterizationoftheseparametersisofmajorinterestwhentheirphysicalpropertiesarestudied.2Amongtheproductionmethods,chemicalvapordeposition(CVD)offerscertainadvantagesintermsoflarge-scaleproduction,lowreactiontemperature,andcontrollablefabrication.3,4Furthermore,directCVDgrowthoversupportedcatalystsallowstheproductionofisolatedindividualsingle-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs),5,6whereasnanotubesfabricatedbyarcdischarge7,8orlaserablation9,10areproducedasbundles.Ontheotherhand,therehavebeenseveralreportsindicatingthatcontrollingthesizeofthecatalystparticleallowsthecontrolofCNTdiameter.11-19However,whetherthesizeofthecatalystparticleisakeyfactorforSWNTsgrowthisstilldebated.20-26,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,OneofthemostlyusedstrategiesforCVDgrowthofnanotubesconsistsofthepreparationofcatalystparticlesby“wet”processesandintheirdepositionontoasubstrate.Incontrasttoironoriron-alloyparticles,noreporthasbeendealingwiththeuseofchemicallysynthesizednickelnanoparticlesasSWNTprecursorsinasupported-catalystCVDprocess.5,17,27-29ItcanbeimportanttodiversifyCNTprecursors,assomeofthem(likeiron)arenotoriouscontaminantstosilicon-baseddevices.Here,wedemonstratetheabilitytogrowisolatedsinglewalledcarbonnanotubeswitharelativenarrowdiameterdistributionfromdiscretenickelnanoparticleswitharelativelybroadsizedistributionbycatalyst-supportedthermalCVD.Byvaryingthesynthesisparametersweareabletoproduceawiderangeofnanotubesampleswithcontrolledcharacteristics:smallorlargediameterSWNTs,withanarroworbroaddiameterdistribution,amixofSWNTsandmultiwalledcarbonnanotubes(MWNTs)andevenultralongSWNTs.Also,theroleofthecatalystnanoparticlesinnanotubegrowthwillbediscussed.Finally,weillustratethepotentialitiesofsuchaversatilenanotubesynthesiswithtwoshortpre-studiesofmechanicalandvibrationalpropertiesatthesinglenanotubelevel.,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,NoncovalentFunctionalizationofSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubeswithWater-SolublePorphyrinsJinyuChenandC.PatrickCollier*DiVisionofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,Pasadena,California91125,IntroductionTheuniquestructural,mechanicalandelectronicpropertiesofsinglewalledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)havemadethesepromisingmaterialsfordevicefabrication.1-14ToeffectivelyutilizeSWNTsasbuildingblocksfornanotechnology,nanotubeshavebeencovalentlyandnoncovalentlyfunctionalizedinanumberofwaystorenderthemsolubleinaqueousororganicsolutions15-21andtogainprecisecontrolovernanotubeorientationandlocation.TherearetwogeneralstrategiesforgainingspatialcontrolofSWNTs.Inthedirect-growthstrategy,nanotubelength,location,andorientationcanbecontrolledusingpre-patternedcatalystandchemicalvapordeposition(CVD).3,13,14,22-25Inthepost-growthstrategy,nanotubescanbealignedbyvariousmethods,includingbiomolecularrecognition,4,26manipulationbyanatomicforcemicroscope(AFM)tip,5applicationofanelectricfield27oramagneticfield,28depositiononchemicallypatterned,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,surfaces,29alignmentbygasflow,30ordip-coatingwashing.31Formanyapplicationsitisimportantthattheinherentfunctionalityofthecarbonnanotubesnotbealteredordestroyedbyhigh-temperatureCVD,covalentchemicalfunctionalizationstepsorvariousappliedfields.,IthasbeenreportedthatzincprotoporphyrinIX(ZnPP)noncovalentlybindstoSWNTsandrendersthemsolubleinDMForDMSOsolution.32Morerecently,ithasbeendiscoveredthatameso-hexadecyloxyphenyl-substitutedporphyrinisselectiveinnoncovalentlysolubilizingsemiconductingsingle-walledcarbonnanotubesinorganicsolvents.33FunctionalizationofSWNTswithporphyrinscouldsupplythenanotubeswithmanyoftheporphyrin’suniqueintrinsicproperties,suchas(electro)luminescence,photovoltaicproperties,andbiocompatibility.,WereporthereafacileapproachtononcovalentlyfunctionalizeSWNTsinaqueoussolutionwithawater-solubleionicporphyrin,meso-(tetrakis-4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine(H2TPPS4-).Porphyrin/SWNTsolutionsinwaterhavebeenpreparedthatarestableforweeks,withoutcovalentchemicalfunctionalizationofthetubesortheuseofsurfactants.Wehavecharacterizedtheporphyrin/SWNTsolutionswithUV-visibleabsorptionandfluorescence,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,spectroscopicmeasurementsasfunctionsofpH,whichshowthatthefreebaseformoftheporphyrinselectivelyinteractswiththenanotubesandismainlyresponsibleforsolubilizingtheminwater.TheinteractionwiththeSWNTsinhibitstheprotonationofthefreebasetothediacid.Undermildlyacidicconditions,J-aggregatesformonthenanotubes.WefoundthatthefluorescentpropertiesofthefreebaseanddiacidformsofH2TPPS4-werenotsignificantlyperturbedbythenanotubes,butthatemissionfromtheJaggregateswascompletelyquenched.Finally,thesolubilizationprocedurehasallowedustoalignSWNTs,bycombingthenanotubesfromaqueoussolutiononcleanpoly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)stamps,followedbytransferprintingofthetubesfromPDMStosiliconorglasssurfaces.,miscut,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUV?vis?NIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.,,Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUV?vis?NIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.,Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUV?vis?NIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.,Single-walledcarbonnanotubes(SWNTs)canbemetallicorsemiconductingandgenerallycoexistwith1/3metallicSWNTs(M-SWNTs)and2/3semiconductingSWNTs(S-SWNTs)inas-grownmaterials.OneofthemainchallengesistogeneratepureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTs.ParticularlyforSWNT-basedfieldeffecttransistor(FET)application,insitugrowthofwell-orientedS-SWNTswithhighdensityarerequired.SuperlongSWNTswiththesamechiralityanddiameterwillprovideanopportunitytofabricatemillionsofmultideviceswithconsistentperformance,whichisoneoftheimportantissuesforrealnanoelectronicsapplications.Manyeffortshavebeenputintothegenerationofalignedlongnanotubesbyvariousmethods,(1-3)andpureS-SWNTsorM-SWNTsaswell.(4-8)SeveraltechniquesincludingFET,(5)Ramanmicroscopy,(9)fluorescencespectroscopy,(10)andUV?vis?NIR(4)havebeenappliedtoidentifythestructuresofSWNTs.HoweverusingFEToneneedstofabricatethedevicesandmeasuretheirtransportationcharacteristics.UsingRamanspectroscopytoidentifyindividualnanotubesisoftenhamperedbythepoorlydefinedpositionandorientationofthenanotubes.Furthermore,afacileandeffectivemethodneedstobedevelopedtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityalongthelengthoftheSWNT.Inthispaper,wedemonstratethatcentimeter-longorientedSWNTarraysonaSiO2/SiwaferwithalowpercentageofM-SWNTs(5%)canbegeneratedbyCVDusingFe/Monanoparticlesascatalystandethanolascarbonsource.Asimpleapproach,electrodepositionofsilveronlongorientedSWNTarrays,hasbeendevelopedtoidentifythestructureandtoevaluatethestructuraluniformityofanindividuallongSWNT,aswellbyusingRamanspectroscopy.,IdentificationoftheStructuresofSuperlongOrientedSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubeArraysbyElectrodepositionofMetalandRamanSpectroscopyJ.Am.Chem.Soc.,2008,130(36),11860,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,常用詞匯、短語和表達(dá)方式1：timeinrecentyears(近年來）untilquiterecently（最近）inthepastdecade（近十年）duringthelast20years(近20年間）inthepreviousyears（前幾年）overlastthreeyears（在過去3年中）insuccessiveyears（連續(xù)幾年來）around2005（2005年前后）inthesubsequentyears（隨后幾年）intheearlypartofthecentury（本世紀(jì)初）inthemidtolate1990s（20世紀(jì)90年代中期到后期）inthelate19thcentury（19世紀(jì)末）Since……(自從……)Asearlyas1980s,aslongagoas1980s(早在…...年代),《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,2:expressinterestsandimportanceTheresearchon…..isofconsiderablecurrentinterestThereiscurrentinterestin……Withtheincreasinginterestin…Ourfocusison……Considerableeffortshavebeenputintothe……Therehasbeenasteadygrowthofinterestin….Therehasbeenincreasedawarenessoftheimportanceof…..Littleattentionhasbeengivento…..….hasreceivedagreatdealofattentionOwingtothelackof….Asurveyofliteratureindicatesthat….Inapreliminarystudyof……Anearlypaperreported……Itwaspointedoutinanearlierstudythat…..ofextensiveandintensivestudy…..isasubjectofmuchconcern…..isanactiveresearchfield,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,,3:expressgoalAgoalofourresearchisThemainobjectiveoftheoresentpaperisToachievethisgoal…Inordertosolethisproblem…Inordertobringthisproblemtoaclearunderstanding….Thepresentpaperisanattempttounderstand……Theaimofthisworkistofindout….ThepurposeofthestudyistoPaper,work,study,report,investigation,research,project,contributionaim,purpose,goal,objective,approach,attempt,propose,effort,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,Abriefsurveyof…..isgiven….Anewapproachisproposedto…..Thispaperdescribes…..….wassynthesizedusing….….wasstudiedby….……study,report,investigate,present,develop,discuss,show,evaluate,illustrate,determine,examine,record,describe,prepare,synthesize,separate,introduce,observe,obtain,exhibit,explore……..,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,2.2.5:ExperimentalSection1:Reagentsoxidant),andotherorganicsolventswereboughtfromAldrich(reagent-grade)andusedwithoutfurtherpurification.AtypicalinsituchemicaloxidativepolymerizationforPThandSWNT–PThwascarriedoutaccordingtotheschematicrepresentationinScheme1.TheroutinesynthesisoftheSWNT–PThcompositeswasasfollows:100mLofaCHCl3solutioncontainingSWNTs(0.2g)wasaddedtoa500-mL,double-necked,round-bottomflaskequippedwithamagnetic,Teflon-coatedstirrer.Themixturewassonicatedfor30minatroomtemperaturetodispersetheSWNTs.FeCl3(2g)in100mLofa,JournalofPolymerScience:PartA:PolymerChemistry,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,CHCl3solutionwasaddedtothesolution,whichwasfurthersonicatedfor30minatroomtemperature.Thethiophenemonomer(1mL)with50mLofaCHCl3solutionwasplacedinthesmallportionlineofthedoubleneckedflaskandaddedgradually(dropwiseandslowly)tothesuspensionsolutionwithconstantstirring.Thereactionmixturewasstirredforanadditional24hunderthesameconditions.TheresultantSWNT–PThpowderwasprecipitatedinmethanol,filteredwithaBuchnerfunnel,andthencarefullywashedwithmethanol,hydrochloricacid(0.1M),distilledwater,andacetone.Theobtainedblackpowderwasdriedunderavacuumdryeratroomtemperaturefor24h.PThwassynthesizedwithasimilarmethod,andthesamemolarratiosofmonomertodopantwereincorporatedintothepolymerization.Theinstrumentsusedinthisworkincludedanelementalanalyzer(modelFISONEA-1110,CEInstruments),afieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscope(modelS-4300,Hitachi),atransmissionelectronmicroscope(modelH-7100,Hitachi)withanacceleratingvoltageof100kV,,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,aFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer(FTIR;IFS120HR,Bruker),alaserRamanspectrometer(modelHR800,Jobin-YvonHoriba)equippedwithaCoherentInnova90CFredargonion(Art)lasersource,anX-raydiffractometer(modelX’PertAPD,Philips),athermogravimetricanalyzer(model9900/2100,Dupont)inanitrogenatmospherewithaheatingrateof10K/minandatemperaturerangeof0–8008C,anultraviolet–visible(UV–vis)spectrophotometer(Cary50,Varian),andanX-rayphotoelectronspectrometer(VGClam2system).Forthetransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)samplepreparation,weusedcarbon-coatedcoppergrids(TedPella,Inc.,UnitedStates)bydrop-castingonedropofapproximately1mg/100mLclustersolutionsinethanolanddryinginair.Theroom-temperatureconductivityofthepressedpelletswasmeasuredwiththestandardfourpoint-probemethodwithaJandelEngineeringmodelCMT-SR1060Ninstrument.,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,ExperimentalSectionSynthesisofCarbonNanotubes.CVDgrowthofcarbonnanotubeswascarriedoutusingethyleneormethaneascarbonfeedstocks.Thesupportedcatalystswereplacedatthecenterofa3quartztubereactorandheatedinairupto650C(atarateof20C/min),andthenunderaflowofargonuntilthesynthesistemperaturewasreached(750-850-950Cforethyleneand900Cformethane).Dependingonthecarbonprecursor,thefollowinggasmixtureswereintroducedfor1h:(1)12sccmC2H4/800sccmH2/1200sccmAr,(2)600sccmCH4/600sccmH2.Finally,thereactivespecieswerepurgedbyusingaflowofArandthereactorwascooledtoroomtemperature.Characterization.Ninanoparticlesandcarbonnanotubeswerecharacterizedbyatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)(Dimension3100,NanoscopeIIIa,DigitalInstruments)operatinginthetappingmodewithcommercialSicantilevers(springconstant35N/m)andintegratedtips.,《化學(xué)論文的英語寫作和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流》,VersatileSynthesisofIndividualSingle-WalledCarbonNanotubesfromNickelNanoparticlesfortheStudyofTheirPhysicalProperties,ExperimentalSectionCatalystPreparation.Nickelnanoparticleswerepreparedfromorganometallicprecursorsasdescribedelsewhere.30Brieflyspeaking,Ni(COD)2wasdecomposedinCH2Cl2underH2atmosphereinthepresenceofpoly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP).Evaporationofthesolventledtoablackshinypowderofzerovalentnickelcolloid.Ninanoparticleswereredispersedinethanolanddepositedonsiliconsubstrateswitha100nmthermallygrownoxidelay