2020屆高中英語 5年高考3年模擬 專題18 閱讀理解之推理判斷題（浙江專版）

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1、2020屆英語科5年高考3年模擬[浙江專版] 專題18 閱讀理解之推理判斷題 【備考策略】 推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)文章所闡述的事實(shí)死結(jié)和上下問的按時(shí)及線索進(jìn)行綜合分析，然后進(jìn)行判斷，引申或得出合情合理的結(jié)論。因此，考生不僅要掌握文章的表層意思還要理解其深層的內(nèi)涵，不僅要掌握已言明的觀點(diǎn)和傾向，還要獲得字里行間的信息。 此題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理、故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等?？忌蛘覝?zhǔn)文中提供的相應(yīng)的文字信息，特別是關(guān)鍵詞語，把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽鞯哪康?，借助上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷，并能領(lǐng)悟文字的弦外之音。也可以借助常識(shí)

2、或文化背景來判斷。推理題在提問中常用的詞有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。 推理判斷常見的命題方式有： We can infer from the passage that the author _____. The main purpose of the survey is to ________. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? What would the author probably discuss in the passage that follows? Th

3、e underlined sentenced in the second paragraph implied that ______ The passage is probably taken from a _______. 因此，常見的推測(cè)題有： 一、寫作意圖推測(cè)題： 此類題型要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測(cè)作者的寫作意圖及應(yīng)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見。這類題型不僅要求考生能理解文章的內(nèi)容，而且還要具備對(duì)作者所闡述的問題及寫作手法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。例如： Earthquake may rightl

4、y ranked as one of the most disastrous forces known to man: since record began to be written down, it has been estimated (估計(jì)) that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake-related loss has been beyond calculation… The great majority of all earthquake occurred in

5、two particular areas in history… It is doubtful that man will be ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of their damage altogether .But as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur. Q: T

6、he author’s purpose in writing the passage probably is to ____. A. inform the reader B. entertain the reader C. support a theory D. question a theory 分析： 文章第一段介紹地震給人類造成的危害，第二段分析地震頻發(fā)的地方，第三段分析地震預(yù)防方面的前景， 因此可以推斷寫作目的不是娛樂，也不是就某一理論提出質(zhì)疑，而是給讀者提供一些信息，教育讀者。答案是A。 二、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)判斷題： 作者的態(tài)度、思想傾向是指對(duì)作者陳述的觀點(diǎn)

7、是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不決，對(duì)記述和描寫的人、物或事件等是贊揚(yáng)、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾的詞語中。因此，在推理判斷的過程中，因特別注意作者的措辭。例如： Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all the bad news. Q: The author’s attitude towards the newspaper report

8、ing is to ______. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 分析： 作者一是向讀者說明這份報(bào)紙上只刊登不好的新聞，如兇殺、行賄、死亡等，二是在字里行間流露出自己的抱怨情緒，故最佳答案是A 。 三、邏輯結(jié)論題： 此類題是嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理，得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。要首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的事實(shí)，然后按要求判斷。例如： Just as crying can be healthy, not crying — holding back te

9、ars of anger, pain or suffering — can be bad for physical (身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like cryin

10、g, don't fight it. It's a natural — and healthy — emotional response (反應(yīng)). 61, It can be inferred from the text that ______. A．there are two ways to keep healthy B．crying does more good to health than laughing C．crying and laughing play the same roles D．emotional health has a close relationshi

11、p to physical health （D） 四、預(yù)測(cè)推斷題： 有些題目要求考生根據(jù)語境對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)推理。做這類題目應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，從而作出比較科學(xué)的預(yù)測(cè)。例如： With the past in mind, preparations for 2020season included sweeping changes on both the technical and personal sides. The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructed, with John Howett

12、 moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President, thus enabling the company founder, Ove Anderson, more time to concentrate the operation of the race team at the track. Anderson’s value as an inspirational leader was one of the team’s biggest asserts(財(cái)富) in 2020. Q: What will the next

13、 paragraph talk about if the passage goes on? A. Preparations for the 2020 season. B. The value of Ove Anderson C. How to improve the European market? D. Changes on technical side 分析：本段第一句介紹球隊(duì)備戰(zhàn)2020賽季經(jīng)歷了技術(shù)和人事安排上的巨大變化，緊接著陳述集體的人事安排，因此，下問應(yīng)介紹技術(shù)層面的變化，所以，正確答案是D。 五、細(xì)節(jié)推斷題 要求學(xué)生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、

14、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等。判斷推理是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)。但它并非無章可循。 推理判斷題要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，掌握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)；②要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表入里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進(jìn)行深層處理，符合邏輯地推理。③要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知。 考生做題時(shí)一定要整體理解語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去把握作者的“弦外之音”。 首先，考生在閱讀時(shí)，要抓住文

15、章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。在進(jìn)行推理時(shí)，一定要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，千萬不可脫離原文，僅憑個(gè)人的看法主觀臆斷。 其次，對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。 第三，在解答推理性問題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用canning的方法，迅速在材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題思想，然后再分析

16、句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證（opinion and fact）、原因與結(jié)果（cause and effect）、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)（main idea and supporting idea）。 〖第一招〗抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理 做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理，推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。 〖第二招〗 整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷 做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目有關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論，忌“見樹不見林”。 〖第三招〗 利用語境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷 幾

17、乎每篇文章的語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。 〖第四招〗 根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度 作者的態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。 做這一類題時(shí)一定注意： (1)由表及里

18、地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，不能主觀臆斷，憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。 (2)特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語言，以及表達(dá)感情、態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語。要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，悟出作者的弦外之音。 (3)能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語國家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。 人物性格、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)判斷題 〖第五招〗根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論 邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，預(yù)測(cè)下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可能按事

19、件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系，對(duì)比關(guān)系來描寫。必須注意的是：1、讀者不可根據(jù)自己的主觀臆斷毫無根據(jù)地下結(jié)論；2、所得結(jié)論必須符合作者的意圖。 〖第六招〗 結(jié)合已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題。不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且需要對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。 〖第七招〗 根據(jù)文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)去進(jìn)行判斷推理。 有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，要求考生根據(jù)語篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)推理。做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的

20、寫作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來敘述)，要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展的方向，從而作出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。 文章思路、結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作意圖及 寫作方法等推測(cè)提 有時(shí)題目要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測(cè)作者的寫作意圖、短文組織結(jié)構(gòu)及運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)和形象，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見。這種題型要求同學(xué)們不但能理解文章的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問題的寫作方法及文章結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。 考點(diǎn)解析 在高考閱讀理解試題中，推理判斷題的考查每年都占閱讀理解試

21、題的一半左右。推理判斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題，很多考生對(duì)此類題型的解答感到很吃力，沒有把握。 一、題型特點(diǎn)與命題方式 既要求考生透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，又要求考生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。 這類試題常以如下句式發(fā)問： 　 What can you conclude from this passage？ What’s the author’s attitude towards...？ We can infer from the passage that…. Which statement

22、is (not) true？ 　 What is the author’s attitude towards…? 二、解題思路與應(yīng)試技巧 考生做題時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”。 首先，考生在閱讀時(shí)，要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。在進(jìn)行推理時(shí)，考生一定要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，千萬不可脫離原文而僅憑個(gè)人的看法，主觀臆斷。 其次，對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步

23、增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。 再次，在解答推理性問題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題是針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。 針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。 針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題思想，然后再分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證、原因與結(jié)果、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)。 下面結(jié)合最新高考試題，對(duì)推理判斷題的不同類型加以解讀。 1、抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理 做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推

24、斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。 【考例】63. We learn from the last paragraph that Del Monte______. A. allowed other companies to develop pineapples B. succeeded in keeping the pineapple for itself C. tried hard to control the pineapple market D. planned to help the other companies 【解析】C。從原文最后一段Seeing the gro

25、wing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep the market to itself. But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples. Del Monte turned to law for help but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte’s attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a

26、way to knock them out of the market.可知，Del Monte為了控制菠蘿市場(chǎng)，想盡了一切辦法，甚至不惜訴諸法律。 2、整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷 做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。 【考例】What is the purpose of the text? A. To show how to enjoy fishing. B. To persuade people to fish less often. C. To encourage people to set fis

27、h free D. To give advice on how to release fish. 【解析】D。文章開頭部分提到“It is often necessary to release a fish”（對(duì)魚放生是很必要的），然后就魚放生后怎么容易存活給出了5條建議，最后得出結(jié)論：With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival. 因此，這篇文章的目的是告訴人們?cè)鯓訉?duì)魚進(jìn)行放生。 3、

28、利用語境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷 很多文章的語境都有一定褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能在把握主旨文意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨文意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。 【考例】（How does the author feel about his childhood? A. Happy but short. B. Lonely but memorable. C. Boring and meaningl

29、ess. D. Long and unforgettable. 【解析】A。文章前三段用大量的篇幅描繪孩子們?cè)跇淞种凶杂勺栽谕嫠５拿篮脮r(shí)光，最后一段提到突然有一天在樹上玩耍時(shí)意識(shí)到已經(jīng)是七年級(jí)的學(xué)生了，開始到了朦朦朧朧的青春期了，已經(jīng)長大，不能再爬樹玩耍了，作者的心理在這一刻發(fā)生了巨大變化，由此推知，作者感到童年是快樂的，但是又是短暫的，不知不覺已經(jīng)步入青年的行列。 4、根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度 作者態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于

30、修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。 【考例What is the author’s attitude towards Nigel’s actions? A. He is mildly critical B. He is strongly critical C. He is in favor of them D. His attitude is not clear 【解析】A。從第二段來看，Nigel與Alicia交朋友并幫助她的真正原因是不引起她的懷疑并力圖在比賽中打敗她而獲得1000美元的獎(jiǎng)金，根據(jù)最后一段來看，

31、作者并不贊同Nigel的做法，但也沒提出強(qiáng)烈的批評(píng)，而只是說Without her, he would never win the competition.可以看出作者對(duì)他的做法暗含批評(píng)意味。 5、根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論 邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)，應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，預(yù)測(cè)下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。 【考例】58. In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you ___

32、___. A. how to keep up with the times B. how to make up for lost time C. how to have a good time D. how to make good use of time 【解析】D。由文章最后一句話“what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.”可以推測(cè)出下面要談的應(yīng)該是“怎樣利用好時(shí)間”。 應(yīng)注意的問題： ★推理判斷題要求考生在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，

33、根據(jù)文章所闡述的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)和上下文的暗示及線索進(jìn)行綜合分析，然后進(jìn)行判斷，引申或得出合情合理的結(jié)論。因此，考生不僅要掌握文章的表層意思還要理解其深層的內(nèi)涵，不僅要掌握已言明的觀點(diǎn)和傾向，還要獲得字里行間的信息。 此題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理、故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。考生因找準(zhǔn)文中提供的相應(yīng)的文字信息，特別是關(guān)鍵詞語，把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度或?qū)懽鞯哪康?，借助上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷，并能領(lǐng)悟文字的弦外之音。也可以借助常識(shí)或文化背景來判斷。 推理判斷常見的命題方式有： We can infer from the passage that the aut

34、hor _____. The main purpose of the survey is to ________. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? What would the author probably discuss in the passage that follows? The underlined sentenced in the second paragraph implied that ______ The passage is probably taken from a _______.

35、因此，常見的推測(cè)題有： 一、寫作意圖推測(cè)題： 此類題型要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測(cè)作者的寫作意圖及應(yīng)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或意見。這類題型不僅要求考生能理解文章的內(nèi)容，而且還要具備對(duì)作者所闡述的問題及寫作手法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。例如： Earthquake may rightly ranked as one of the most disastrous forces known to man: since record began to be written down, it has been esti

36、mated (估計(jì)) that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake-related loss has been beyond calculation… The great majority of all earthquake occurred in two particular areas in history… It is doubtful that man will be ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid o

37、f their damage altogether .But as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur. Q: The author’s purpose in writing the passage probably is to ____. A. inform the reader B. entertain the reader

38、 C. support a theory D. question a theory 分析： 文章第一段介紹地震給人類造成的危害，第二段分析地震頻發(fā)的地方，第三段分析地震預(yù)防方面的前景， 因此可以推斷寫作目的不是娛樂，也不是就某一理論提出質(zhì)疑，而是給讀者提供一些信息，教育讀者。答案是A。 二、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)判斷題： 作者的態(tài)度、思想傾向是指對(duì)作者陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不決，對(duì)記述和描寫的人、物或事件等是贊揚(yáng)、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾的詞語中。因此，在推理判斷的過程中，因特別注意作者的措辭。例如： Why

39、 isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all the bad news. Q: The author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 分析： 作者一是向讀者說明這份報(bào)紙上只刊登不好的新聞，如兇殺、行賄、死亡等，二是在字里

40、行間流露出自己的抱怨情緒，故最佳答案是A 。 三、邏輯結(jié)論題： 此類題是嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理，得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。要首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的事實(shí)，然后按要求判斷。例如： Just as crying can be healthy, not crying — holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering — can be bad for physical (身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control o

41、f emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural — and healthy — emotional response (反應(yīng)). 61, It can be inferred from the text

42、that ______. A．there are two ways to keep healthy B．crying does more good to health than laughing C．crying and laughing play the same roles D．emotional health has a close relationship to physical health （D） 四、預(yù)測(cè)推斷題： 有些題目要求考生根據(jù)語境對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)推理。做這類題目應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，從而作出比較科學(xué)的預(yù)測(cè)。例如： With

43、 the past in mind, preparations for 2020season included sweeping changes on both the technical and personal sides. The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructed, with John Howett moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President, thus enabling the company founder, Ove Anderson,

44、 more time to concentrate the operation of the race team at the track. Anderson’s value as an inspirational leader was one of the team’s biggest asserts(財(cái)富) in 2020. Q: What will the next paragraph talk about if the passage goes on? A. Preparations for the 2020 season. B. The value of Ove Ander

45、son C. How to improve the European market? D. Changes on technical side 分析：本段第一句介紹球隊(duì)備戰(zhàn)2020賽季經(jīng)歷了技術(shù)和人事安排上的巨大變化，緊接著陳述集體的人事安排，因此，下問應(yīng)介紹技術(shù)層面的變化，所以，正確答案是D。 五年高考 A組 2020年全國高考題組 1.【2020 浙江 D 】 As a young boy, I sometimes traveled the country roads with my dad. He was a rural mill carrier, an

46、d on Saturdays he would ask me to go with him. Driving through the countryside was always an adventure: There were animals to see, people to visit, and chocolate cookies if you knew where to stop, and Dad did. In the spring, Dad delivered boxes full of baby chickens, and when 1 was a boy it was suc

47、h a fun to stick your finger 'through one of the holes of the boxes and let the baby birds peck on your fingers. On Dad' s final day of work, it took him well into the evening to complete his rounds because at least one member from each family was waiting at their mailbox to thank him for his frien

48、dship and his years of service. "Two hundred and nineteen mailboxes on my route." he used to say, "and a story at every one. " One lady had no mailbox, so Dad took the mail in to her every day because she was nearly blind. Once inside, he read her mail and helped her pay her bills. Mailboxes were s

49、ometimes used for things other than mail. One note left in a mailbox read. "Nat, take these eggs to Marian; she's baking a cake and doesn't have any eggs. " Mailboxes might be buried in the snow, or broken, or lying on the groom:. bat the mail was always delivered On cold days Dad might find one of

50、his customers waiting for him with a cup of hot chocolate. A young wrote letters but had no stamps, so she left a few button on the envelope in the mailbox; Dad paid for the stamps. One businessman used to leave large amounts of cash in his mailbox for Dad to take to the bank. Once, the amount came

51、to 8 32,000. A dozen years ago, when I traveled back to my hometown on the sad occasion of Dad’s death, the mailboxes along the way reminded me of some of his stories. I thought I knew them all, but that wasn't the case. As I drove home, I noticed two lamp poles, one on each side of the street. W

52、hen my dad was around, those poles supported wooden boxes about four feet off the ground. One box was painted green and the other was red, and each had a long narrow hole at the top with white lettering: SANTA CLAUS, NORTH POLE. For years children had dropped letters to Santa through those holes. I

53、 made a turn at the comer and drove past the post office and across the railroad tracks to our house. Mom and I were sitting at the kitchen table when I heard footsteps. There, at the door, stood Frank Townsend, Dad's postmaster and great friend for many years. So we all sat down at the table and be

54、gan to tell stories. At one point Frank looked at me with tears in his eyes. " What are we going to do about the letters this Christmas?" he asked. "The letters?" 'I guess you never knew. " "Knew what?" " Remember, when you were a kid and you used to put your letters to Santa in those green and

55、 red boxes on Main Street? It was your dad who answered all those letters every year. " I just sat there with tears in my eyes. It wasn’t hard for me to imagine Dad sitting at the old table in our basement reading those letters and answering each one. I have since spoken with several of the people

56、who received Christmas letters during their childhood, and they told me how amazed they were that Santa had known so much about their homes and families. For me, just knowing that story about my father was the gift of a lifetime. 55. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer regarded his

57、 travels with Dad us_____. A. great chances to help other people B. happy occasions to play with baby chickens C. exciting experience* with a lot of fun D. good opportunities to enjoy chocolate cookies 56. The writer provides the detail about the businessman to show that_____. A. Dad had a st

58、rong sense of duty B. Dad was an honest and reliable man C. Dad had a strong sense of honor D. Dad was a kind and generous man 57. According to the passage, which of the following impressed the writer most? A. Dad read letters for a blind lady for years. B. Dad paid for the stamps for a young

59、girl. C. Dad delivered some eggs to Marian. D. Dad answered children's Christmas letters every year. 58. The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph 4 is______. A. offering analyses B. providing explanations C. giving examples D. making comparisons 60. Which of the following is the best ti

60、tle for the passage? A. The Mail B. Christmas Letters C Special Mailboxes D. Memorable Travels 【考點(diǎn)】日常生活類—記敘文 【文章大意】本文主要講述了郵遞員爸爸的簡(jiǎn)單、豐富而又充實(shí)、有趣的郵遞生活，尤其是給孩子們回復(fù)給圣誕老人的郵件更是感人至深。 55.【答案】C 【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的前兩段作者和父親一起大家經(jīng)歷的所見所聞所感，可知那些是愉快的經(jīng)歷，故答案Ｃ符合文意。 56.【答案】B 【試題解析】推理判斷題。商人把那么多錢放在郵箱里托付給爸爸存入銀行，可見爸爸是一個(gè)誠實(shí)

61、的、可以信賴的人，故答案Ｂ符合文意。 57.【答案】D 【試題解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后幾段對(duì)父親給孩子們回復(fù)圣誕老人的回信的回憶的大段描述，可以推斷出答案Ｄ符合文意。 58.【答案】C 【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的整體理解，可知本段主要用了舉例的寫作手段，故答案C符合文意。 60.【答案】A 【試題解析】文章標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)文章的整體理解，本文主要講的是郵遞員爸爸的簡(jiǎn)單而又樸實(shí)的郵遞生活，故答案Ａ符合文意。本題可用排除法。 【難度】一般 【長難句解析】On Dad' s final day of work, it took him well into the eveni

62、ng to complete his rounds because at least one member from each family was waiting at their mailbox to thank him for his friendship and his years of service. "預(yù)計(jì)今年秋季開課，一系列有兩所大學(xué)的的老師開發(fā)的課程將通過一個(gè)全新S 60 million項(xiàng)目在網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)提供，眾所周知為：edX。Beginning也句子主語a number of courses邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。Known as，過去分詞作后置定語，修飾pro

63、gram，表被動(dòng)、完成的概念。 2.【2020 福建 A】 Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes，accompanied by an article from the local paper, has m

64、ade a northern German city believe in fairytales (童話）? The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained €10,000 with a cutting from the Braunschtveiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag； similar plain white anonymous (匿名）envelopes, each c

65、ontaining €10,000, then arrived at a kindergarten and a church. The envelopes keep coming, and so far at least €190,000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was sent to the newspaper ’s own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14-year-old boy who was severely disabled in

66、 a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschweiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of €500 inside , with a copy of the article. The name of the family was underlined. "I was driving when I heard the news,” Claudia Neumann, the boy s mother, told DerSpiegel magazine. “I had to park on the side of the road； I was speechless. ” The money will be used to make the entrance to their house wheelchair-accessible .and for a course of treatment that their insurance