2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第14講 情景交際學(xué)案

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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第14講 情景交際學(xué)案 一、日常交際應(yīng)答語(yǔ) 1. 感謝與應(yīng)答 感謝：Thank you very much. / Thanks a lot. / Many thanks. 應(yīng)答： That's all right. / Thanks for helping me. / You're wele. / That's OK. / Not at all. It's my pleasure. / Don't mention it. / It's nothing. / Think nothing of it. / Forget it. 2. 道歉與應(yīng)

2、答 道歉： I'm sorry. / I'm sorry to trouble you. / I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. 應(yīng)答： It doesn't matter. / It's not important. / That's/It's nothing. / Not at all. /Never mind. That's all right. / Forget it. / That's OK. / No problem. / Not to worry. 3. 勸告、建議與應(yīng)答 勸告和建議： I think you ought to

3、…我想你應(yīng)該…… If I were you, I'd…如果我是你，我會(huì)…… It might be a good idea if you…如果你……這倒是個(gè)好主意。 Have you ever thought of…？ 你是否想過(guò)要……？ I remend that…我建議…… I strongly advise you to…我極力主張你…… You really ought to…你的確應(yīng)該…… Personally, I think you'd better…依我看，你最好…… Why not do…？ 為什么不……？ Why don't you do…？ 你為什么不

4、……？　　I suggest that…我建議…… What about doing…？ ……怎么樣？ How about doing…？ ……怎么樣？ Shall we…？ 我們?nèi)ァ脝幔? Let's…， shall we? 讓我們?nèi)ァ脝幔? You need (to)…你需要…… 肯定的應(yīng)答： Good idea. / That's great. / Sounds great. / It sounds great. / That's fine. /Why not? 否定的應(yīng)答：I'd love to，but… / I'm afraid… / It's an idea，bu

5、t… 4. 請(qǐng)求與應(yīng)答 請(qǐng)求： May I…？ / Can I? / Could I…？ / Do you mind if I… 肯定的應(yīng)答： With pleasure. / Certainly(Of course) / Sure，go ahead. / Yes，help yourself. Of course not，go ahead(回答Do you mind if I…的請(qǐng)求). 否定的應(yīng)答：I'm afraid not. / Better not. / I'd rather you didn't. 5. 應(yīng)答對(duì)方的要求 肯定的：All right. / I wil

6、l. 否定的：No way. / Forget it. — Do remember to call me up when you arrive. —I will. — I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. —No way. It was her fault. 6. 邀請(qǐng)與應(yīng)答 邀請(qǐng)： Would you like to…？ / Why don't we…？ 肯定的應(yīng)答： That would be fine. / That's very kind of you. /All right. /Yes，I'd

7、 love to. 否定的應(yīng)答：I'd love to，but… / Sorry，I can't. / I'm afraid I can't. 7. 祝愿、祝賀與應(yīng)答 祝愿、祝賀： Good luck! / Best wishes to you. /Have a nice/good time/journey. /Congratulations! Happy New Year! / Merry Christmas! / Happy birthday to you. 應(yīng)答： Thank you! / The same to you. / You，too. / Happy New Y

8、ear！(Merry Christmas！) 8. 鼓勵(lì)、贊揚(yáng)與應(yīng)答 鼓勵(lì)、贊揚(yáng)： Very good. / Well done. /Wonderful. /Excellent. /Keep trying. /You can do it. 應(yīng)答： Thank you. / OK. /I'll try it again. 9. 提供幫助與應(yīng)答 主動(dòng)提供幫助時(shí)：Can I help you? /What can I do for you /Would you like me to help you? Do you want me to… / Let me… 需要?jiǎng)e人幫助時(shí)：Yes

9、，please. / Thank you for your help/ Thanks. 不需要?jiǎng)e人幫助時(shí)：No，thank you./ Thank you all the same. / That's very kind of you, but… 二、情感態(tài)度的表達(dá) 1. 表示驚奇：Really? / How e？(何以會(huì)……？) / What a surprise! /Good heavens! 2. 表示同情： I'm sorry to hear that. / What a pity! / That's really unlucky. / Bad luck. 3. 表示安慰

10、： Don't worry. / Don't be afraid. / Take your time. / Take it easy. Make yourself at home. / It's quite all right. / It'll be OK. 4. 表示鼓勵(lì)： e on. / Cheer up. / You can do it. / You will make it. 5. 表示同意： I quite agree. / I couldn' t agree more. / Exactly. /Certainly. /Absolutely. That's a goo

11、d idea. / No problem. / I think so. 6. 表示不同意： Not really. / Not Exactly. / I don't quite agree. /I don't think so. / I'm afraid not. 7. 表示不在乎： So what? / Who cares? 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 解答情景交際題時(shí)要做到“四忌” 一忌上詞下用 上詞下用指的是答句部分沿用了題干句子的重點(diǎn)詞、信息詞，按表層意思似乎合情合理，但往往為錯(cuò)誤的“虛像”，需經(jīng)進(jìn)一步分析后才能確定正確選項(xiàng)。如： 用

12、“I don't”應(yīng)答“Don't forget to e to my birthday party tomorrow”， 用“Don't be sorry”回答“I'm sorry I broke your mirror”， 用“Don't be sorry”回答“I'm sorry I broke your mirror”， 用“No thanks”回答“Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.” 避免“上詞下用”的誤區(qū)，一是確認(rèn)題目涉及的交際功能項(xiàng)目，二是確認(rèn)句子上下文語(yǔ)境，三是

13、確認(rèn)正確的話語(yǔ)方式。 【例題】 — I wonder if I could use your telephone. — ______. A. I wonder how B. I don't wonder C. Sorry, it's out of order D. No wonder, here it is. 【答案及解析】 C 盡管該題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)“wonder”一詞，但通過(guò)仔細(xì)審題可確定其考查的功能項(xiàng)目為征求對(duì)方意見，問(wèn)句相當(dāng)于“Could I use your t

14、elephone？”綜合語(yǔ)境和話題的分析，正確的答話方式一般為“Of course you can”(肯定)或“Sorry，you can't”(否定)，也只有C項(xiàng)(抱歉，它壞了)符合題意，A、B、D項(xiàng)均屬典型的“上詞下用”現(xiàn)象，而且D項(xiàng)中的“No wonder”意思為“難怪”，更是和題干內(nèi)容相差甚遠(yuǎn)。 二忌中文思維 與上詞下用比較，這一誤區(qū)更具迷惑性，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論按題目?jī)?nèi)容或是按思維方式來(lái)考慮，都非常符合中國(guó)學(xué)生的習(xí)慣。顯然，掌握英漢兩種語(yǔ)言和文化之間的相同和相異之處，對(duì)于準(zhǔn)確解題至關(guān)重要。考生解題失誤之一是按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)去套英語(yǔ)，去選答案，這屬于語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的“負(fù)遷移”

15、。 【例題】 — Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? — ______. A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 【答案及解析】 D　以Do you think…？這樣的句子來(lái)提問(wèn)，用D項(xiàng)來(lái)回答表示否定，顯然不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，這也正是許多考生選了A、B、C項(xiàng)的原因。另一個(gè)更常見的失誤是套用中國(guó)

16、文化模式。違背英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的思維方式和文化習(xí)俗，這屬于文化方面的“負(fù)遷移”。 三忌直接回絕 這主要是指在對(duì)方要求得到幫助，提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)時(shí)，回答過(guò)于直接，不夠委婉，盡管從語(yǔ)義角度分析是沒(méi)毛病的，但不符合英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的交際習(xí)慣?！罢?qǐng)求”方面的問(wèn)話有May I…？/Can I…？/I wonder if I could…/Do you mind if I…？等，“邀請(qǐng)”方面的問(wèn)話有Will you…？/Would you like to…？/I'd like to invite to…等。在作否定回答時(shí)，為了表示禮貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉詞，如but，I'm afraid, I'm

17、sorry, thanks, please, had better等。 【例題】 — I didn't know this was a one-way street, officer. — ______ A. That's all right. B. I don't believe you. C. How dare you say that?D. Sorry, but that's no excuse. 【答案及解析】 D　許多考生有可能選B、C項(xiàng)，這是沒(méi)有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必

18、要禮節(jié)，答話時(shí)過(guò)于生硬，沒(méi)有顧及他人感情，而正確答案D項(xiàng)正是在充分考慮到說(shuō)話雙方的身份，彼此之間的關(guān)系以及說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上做出的選擇。 四忌答非所問(wèn) 答非所問(wèn)的錯(cuò)誤比較容易察覺(jué)，如果問(wèn)話與答話的內(nèi)容風(fēng)馬牛不相及的話，考生可以迅速排除。但有時(shí)雙方會(huì)話內(nèi)容有所關(guān)聯(lián)，仔細(xì)推敲才發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)答語(yǔ)并不切題。最典型的例子是With pleasure和It's a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答，表示“非常愿意”。后者一般在事后回答，表示“不用客氣”。 【例題】 — Sorry, I couldn't e to the party. I was sick that day. — ______. A. I don't know that B. That's all right C. Yes, we'll have another party D. No, the party wasn't held 【答案及解析】 B　 A、C和D三項(xiàng)均明顯地答非所問(wèn)，與問(wèn)句無(wú)關(guān)；只有B項(xiàng)能夠作出直接的答復(fù)。