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1、2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第8講 非謂語動詞學(xué)案
1. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______ a life span of around 20 years. (xx浙江卷)
A. having B. had
C. have D. to have
【答案及解析】1. A 考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為“令人驚訝的是,蝙蝠是長壽的動物,有些能活20年左右。”had和have是謂語動詞形式,題中沒有連詞,無法并存
2、兩個(gè)句子。to have表將來;having表伴隨。
2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. (xx浙江卷)
A. lose B. lost
C. to lose D. having lost
【答案及解析】2. B 考查非謂語動詞。句意為“甚至最優(yōu)秀的作家有時(shí)也會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們難以用文字表達(dá)自己?!眑ose是及物動詞,A、C、D項(xiàng)都是主動式,空格后沒有l(wèi)ose的賓語,故用過去分詞lost當(dāng)形容詞用,作f
3、ind themselves的賓語補(bǔ)足語。
3. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city______by their enthusiastic supporters. (xx浙江卷)
A. being cheered B. be cheered
C. to be cheered D. were cheered
【答案及解析】3. C 考查非謂語動詞。句意為“如果他們贏了今晚的決賽,隊(duì)員們將會巡
4、游全城,接受熱心支持者的歡呼。”A項(xiàng)being cheered正在進(jìn)行;B項(xiàng)be cheered是謂語原形;D項(xiàng)were cheered也是謂語,但句中已有謂語are going to;C項(xiàng)to be cheered表示將來,同時(shí)也表示被動。
4. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health. (xx浙江卷)
A. being carried out B. carrying out
5、 C. carried out D. to carry out
【答案及解析】4. C 考查if條件句的省略。
【答案及解析】本句的主語是the experiment,謂語動詞是shows, that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,賓語從句的主干是:proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if ______ regularly是插入的條件從句,其完整形式是:if it is carried out regularly,省略了it is。整個(gè)句意為:這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動,如果有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行,有利于我
6、們的身體健康。
5. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (xx浙江卷)
A. being weighed B. to weigh
C. weighed D. weighing
【答案及解析】5. D 考查非謂語動詞。賓語從句中的主干為:young children must be
7、in a child safety seat。under the age of four and ______ less than 40 pounds用于修飾賓語從句主語children。
【答案及解析】動詞weigh與名詞children是主動關(guān)系,所以選擇weighing。句意:交通法則規(guī)定4歲以下并且體重不超過40磅的幼兒必須坐在幼兒安全座上。
6. There is a great deal of evidence ______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. (xx浙江卷)
8、A. indicate B. indicating
C. to indicate D. to be indicating
【答案及解析】6. B 考查非謂語動詞。此處是indicating 短語作evidence的后置定語,其中that music activities…the brain是動語indicate的賓語從句。
動詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞)和動名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語動詞?,F(xiàn)代英語將現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞合為一大類叫做v.-ing形式。動詞不定式、過去分詞及v.-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語用,所以
9、叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞形式多樣,應(yīng)用廣泛,且在句中起著很活躍的作用,也是語法項(xiàng)目中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。
動詞不定式的要點(diǎn)
1.動詞不定式的形式變化
2.動詞不定式的基本用法
(1)作主語:To help each other is good. 動詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用,可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語用。(動詞不定式作主語時(shí),一般可用it作形式主語,而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末),如:
It is good to help each other.
(2)作表語:
My job is to drive them to the power stati
10、on every day.
(3)作賓語:
①作及物動詞的賓語,如:
She wishes to be a musician.
②作某些形容詞的賓語:這類形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:
I am determined to give up smoking.
③當(dāng)動詞不定式之前有疑問詞時(shí),就可作介詞的賓語,如:
Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如
11、:
Tell the children not to play on the street.
如果句中的謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式須將to省去,如:
I saw a little girl run across the street.
(5)作定語:須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后,如:Is this the best way to help him?
(6)作狀語:
①目的狀語:
Every morning he gets up very early to read English
12、.
②結(jié)果狀語:
They lived to see the liberation of their home town.
他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。
動詞-ing形式的要點(diǎn)
1.-ing的形式
2.-ing形式的基本用法
(1)作主語:Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。
(2)作表語:Her job is washing and cooking.
(3)作賓語:①作及物動詞的賓語。
She likes drawing very much.
②作某些短語動詞的賓語。
Mary is thinking of going back to Ne
13、w York.
③ do+限定詞(my, some, any, the等)+v.-ing,表示“做……事”之意,如:
do some cleaning打掃衛(wèi)生
do some shopping購物
④作介詞的賓語:
Her sister is good at learning physics.
⑤作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語:
This book is well worth reading.
(4)作定語:
The sleeping child is only five years old.
(5)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:
We can see steam ris
14、ing from the wet clothes.
可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
(6)作狀語:
①時(shí)間狀語:
Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother.
分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語時(shí),其前一般可加when或while,如:
When crossing street, you must be careful.
②原因狀語:
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
15、
③方式或伴隨狀語:
Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.
過去分詞的要點(diǎn)
1. 作定語:如果是一個(gè)單詞,就位于其修飾的名詞之前;如果是分詞短語,就位于其修飾的名詞之后。如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.
2. 作表語:表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài),其邏輯主語就是句中的主語,如:The glass is broken.
3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語:過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語,如:
When I opened the door, I foun
16、d the ground covered by fallen leaves.
4. 作狀語:相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語,是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確,常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞,如:
Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.
(we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語,是give的邏輯賓語。)
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
1.疑問詞 + 動詞不定式:疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中
17、可作主語、表語或賓語,如:
How_to_prevent_them_from_swimming_in_this_river is a problem.
2.動詞不定式的否定式:由not + 動詞不定式構(gòu)成,如:
It's wrong of you not_to_attend the meeting.
3.v.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時(shí)的區(qū)別。
v.-ing形式:表示抽象或泛指的動作。
不定式:表示具體某一次的動作。
She likes playing the piano,
18、 but she doesn't want to_play it today.
4.v.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。
v.-ing形式:動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
不定式:動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后。
The girl writing_a_letter_there can speak English very well.
I have three letters to_write.
5.v.-ing形式與動詞不定式在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別。
(1)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),其動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動
19、詞所表示的動作之后,如:
I have told them to_e again tomorrow.
(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用v.-ing形式作賓補(bǔ),表示其動作正在進(jìn)行中,而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式所表示的動作是一個(gè)動作的過程,如:I hear her singing in the room. 我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。
I hear her sing in the room. 我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。
6.v.-ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。
v.-ing形式:表示
20、時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。
不定式:作目的或結(jié)果狀語。
Not_receiving his letter, I wrote to him again.
I looked into the window to_see what was going on inside.
7.v.-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別:
(1)語態(tài)不同:v.-ing形式表示主動概念,及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動概念。
an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說;
the inspired audience受鼓舞的
21、聽眾
(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同:現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動作,而過去分詞所表示的動作,往往是已經(jīng)完成的動作,如:
the changing world正在變化的世界
the changed world已經(jīng)變化了的世界
8.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):有時(shí)v.-ing和過去分詞在句中也有自己的獨(dú)立的主語,這種獨(dú)立的主語一般為名詞或代詞,和v.-ing還有過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般只作狀語。
獨(dú)立主格中是使用v.-ing還是過去分詞,則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動作的主動或被動關(guān)系來定,如:
The_bell_ringing,_we all stopped talking.
.
注意:①獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been??墒∪?,如:
The_meeting_(being)_over,_all left the room.
②作伴隨狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常可用with短語來代替, 如:
She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks.
= She read the letter with_tears_rolling_down her cheeks.