(全國版)2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題練 第17練 科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)練習(xí)(含解析)
《(全國版)2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題練 第17練 科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)練習(xí)(含解析)》由會(huì)員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《(全國版)2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題練 第17練 科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)練習(xí)(含解析)(11頁珍藏版)》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第17練 科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù) 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1.TheInternethasenabledus(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter. 2.However,someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind. 3.Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar. 4.Iwilltellyou(direct) thatscientistsaret
2、hosewhopromotethesocialprogress. 5.In18thcentury,the(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution. 6.Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient) tous. 7.Incontrast,thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely. 8.WhyIsayitnorma
3、lisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute) goodandrightforus. 9.Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport,thereareplentyofotherthings,(include) robots. 10.Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use) robots. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemat
4、tractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic. 12.Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation. 13.Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages,forexamples,ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot. 14.Ifourgovernmentdoitwell,IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus
5、. 15.Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife,thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents. 16.Actually,robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp. 17.Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 18.Thenewtechnology,ifapplyingtoriceg
6、rowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput. 19.Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly. 20.Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputernetwork. 話題詞匯 1.a(chǎn)dvantage n.優(yōu)勢 2.a(chǎn)rtificial adj.人造的,人工的 3.negative effect負(fù)面影響 4.breakthrough n.突破
7、 5.surf the Internet上網(wǎng) 6.explore v.探索 7.convenience n.方便 8.with the development of...隨著……的發(fā)展 9.change one’s life改變某人的生活 10.drawback n.缺點(diǎn),不利條件 能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A (2018·遼寧葫蘆島一模) AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs. Thefa
8、rmanimals,whoaresocialandhavelargebrains,werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother,aswellasfamiliarhumans.However,theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel. Therecentstudy,theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecogniz
9、estillimagesofhumanfaces,includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson. Initially,thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later,theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle,thoughtheirabi
10、litytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton,wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatshe
11、ephaveadvancedface-recognitionabilities,closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.” Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings,andsomedisordersofthebrain,includingHuntington’sdisease,affectthisability. “Sheeparelong-livedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkey
12、s.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain,suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(認(rèn)知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid. 21.Accordingtothenewresearch,what’sunusualaboutsheep? A.Theyhavelargebrain
13、s. B.Theycanrecognizetheirowners. C.Theycantellanimalsfromhumans. D.Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs. 22.Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep? A.Bygivingfoodrewards. B.Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople. C.Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers. D.Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns. 23.W
14、hatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A.Sheephaveahigherface-recognitionabilitythanmonkeys. B.Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges. C.Thesheep’sface-recognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain. D.Thesheep’sface-recognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyang
15、le. 24.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage? A.AWonderfulScientist B.TheLifeofSheep C.ANewDiscoveryAboutSheep D.HowSheepRecognizeEachOther B (2018·四川內(nèi)江一模) Inrecentyears,carmanufacturers(制造商) havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment. Oneofthefirstide
16、asthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石) fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately,thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge. However,carmanufacturershaveimprovedt
17、heconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar,whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine,comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar. Inahybridcar,theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol,electricity,orboth.Whenthec
18、arneedsmaximumpower,forexample,ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill,itusesallofitsresources(資源),butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking,theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries. Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also,hybrid
19、carsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber,whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars,sotheyproducelesspollution. Ofcourse,hybridcarsaren’tperfect; theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However,theymaybethefirst
20、stepalongtheroadtocleaner,“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection. 25.Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors? A.Theymovedveryfast. B.Theywereunpopular. C.Theirengineswereo
21、ftenreplaced. D.Theirengineswereexpensive. 26.Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction? A.Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily. B.Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills. C.Itdecideswheretopowerthecar. D.Itcontrolshowthecarusespower. 27.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5? A.Car’ssmallerengineandspecialm
22、aterials. B.Electricmotorandpetrolengine. C.Hybridcarandhydrogencar. D.Aluminumandcarbonfiber. 28.What’sthebesttitleforthetext? A.Cars’Engines B.CarPollution C.GreenCars D.Cars’Advantages Ⅳ.完形填空 IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d29andwon
23、deredifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda. WhatcanIsay?I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32,Idothingslikethatallthetime,whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步機(jī)) andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain,soIj
24、usteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright,andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo?” Ofcourse,I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)
25、39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40,Ienteredaperiodoflong,latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer,eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays,thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43. Unfortunatebut44,Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmi
26、ll.45,Ihadworktodo,forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso,itbecameeasiertoskipthem. Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48. 29.A.cooked B.ordered C.designed D.introduced 30.A.battle B.competition
27、C.performance D.practice 31.A.burn B.contain C.lose D.consume 32.A.Surprisingly B.Happily C.Unfortunately D.Hopefully 33.A.comingoff B.passingaway C.takingoff D.turningaway 34.A.equip B.connect C.present D.reward 35.A.agree B.pretend C.imagine D.decide 36.A.hurt B.count C.change D.solve
28、 37.A.always B.sometimes C.seldom D.never 38.A.hardly B.instantly C.regularly D.slightly 39.A.urge B.a(chǎn)ttraction C.difference D.pain 40.A.plan B.habit C.game D.hobby 41.A.original B.common C.inspiring D.tight 42.A.awake B.calm C.healthy D.strong 43.A.goal B.memory C.reality D.trend 44.A
29、.unbelievable B.changeable C.understandable D.enjoyable 45.A.Therefore B.However C.Besides D.Otherwise 46.A.lack B.save C.show D.throw 47.A.once B.before C.unless D.though 48.A.choice B.fault C.cause D.excuse 答案解析 Ⅰ.1.toknow 2.to 3.hasbrought 4.directly 5.invention6.conv
30、enience 7.with 8.absolutely 9.including 10.using Ⅱ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic. 12.Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingandinformation. 13.Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages,forexamples,ithassomuchjunkinformationthatusal
31、ot. 14.Ifourgovernmentdoitwell,IbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus. 15.Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife,thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitthere’remanyaccidents. 16.Actually,robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp. 17.Weliveinanagemoreinformation
32、isavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 18.Thenewtechnology,iftoricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput. 19.Hethoughtthatthekeytopeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly. 20.Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninourlife—thecomputernetwork. Ⅲ. 21.D [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“sheep are
33、 able to recognize human faces from photographs”可知,綿羊的不尋常之處在于它們能夠從照片中識(shí)別人臉,故選D。] 22.A [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段首句“Initially,the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知,研究人員通過給綿羊食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來訓(xùn)練綿羊,故選A。] 23.B [推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“That means they can be useful models to help...Our study gives
34、 us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可以推斷出,該項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)有益于對認(rèn)知能力改變的研究,故選B。] 24.C [標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知這篇文章主要講了一項(xiàng)新的研究表明綿羊能夠從照片中識(shí)別人臉,故選C。] 25.B [推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately,these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didn’t sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these el
35、ectric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.”可知,這種電動(dòng)汽車的電池很快就耗盡了,而且充電需要花很長時(shí)間,所以不受歡迎賣得不好。故選B。] 26.D [細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“In a hybrid car,the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol,electricity,or both.”可知,混合動(dòng)力車的電腦決定該車是使用汽油、電力還是兩者兼用。故選D。] 27
36、.A [代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段中的“they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car”及“using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber,which makes them extremely light”可知,更小的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和特殊的建造材料使混合動(dòng)力車省油,所以Both of them指的是這兩者,故選A。] 28.C [標(biāo)題歸納題。文章介紹了一種由電腦操控引擎、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的混合動(dòng)力汽車。C項(xiàng)(綠色環(huán)保車)概括了其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn),適合作為本文標(biāo)題。] Ⅳ. 語篇解讀 作者想要減肥,但是他
37、不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪,又因?yàn)榉N種原因放棄了鍛煉,最終減肥失敗。 29.B [cook烹飪;order點(diǎn)菜,命令;design設(shè)計(jì);introduce介紹。由上文中的“I was eating lunch in a restaurant”可知,此處指作者看著自己“點(diǎn)的食物”。] 30.A [battle戰(zhàn)斗;competition競爭;performance表演;practice練習(xí)。下一句提到作者攝入大量脂肪,又喝蘇打水減肥,故可知作者非常矛盾,內(nèi)心做著激烈的“斗爭”。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 31.D [burn燃燒;contain包含;lose失去;consume吃,喝,飲。作者打算消耗掉大
38、量的脂肪。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 32.C [surprisingly令人驚訝地;happily高興地;unfortunately不幸地;hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要減肥,但是不幸的是作者還不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪,所以此處意為“不幸的是”。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 33.A [come off從……掉下;pass away去世;take off起飛;turn away拒絕……進(jìn)入。作者不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪,這是作者體重下降慢的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 34.D [equip裝備,使具有;connect連接;present頒發(fā),呈現(xiàn);reward獎(jiǎng)賞。作者在跑步機(jī)上鍛煉半個(gè)小時(shí)后,用薯片來獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己。
39、故D項(xiàng)正確。] 35.D [agree同意;pretend假裝;imagine想象;decide決定。由后面的“so I just eat a lot at this time”可知,作者決定以后再也不吃薯片了,所以只在這次吃很多的薯片。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 36.A [hurt危害,傷害;count數(shù)數(shù);change改變;solve解決。作者認(rèn)為只吃一片薯片不會(huì)妨礙自己減肥,這是作者為自己吃薯片找的借口。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 37.B [always一直,總是;sometimes有時(shí)候;seldom很少;never從不。由下一句“Once I put together two full weeks
40、 of eating properly...”可知,作者有時(shí)候減肥計(jì)劃實(shí)施得很好。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 38.C [hardly幾乎不;instantly立即;regularly有規(guī)律地,定期地;slightly稍微地。由下文“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知,作者的減肥計(jì)劃曾經(jīng)實(shí)施得很好。由此可知,作者曾經(jīng)有兩周堅(jiān)持合理飲食并經(jīng)常鍛煉。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 39.C [urge迫切的要求;attraction吸引力;difference不同;pain痛苦。由下一句“I could bend over to tie my shoes m
41、ore easily.”可知,作者彎腰系鞋帶容易多了,說明作者開始感覺到不同了。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 40.B [plan計(jì)劃;habit習(xí)慣;game游戲;hobby業(yè)余愛好。由該段最后一句中的“the habit of a sensible eating and exercising”可知,此處指正當(dāng)合理飲食和經(jīng)常鍛煉即將成為一個(gè)習(xí)慣時(shí)。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 41.D [original最初的;common常見的;inspiring鼓舞人心的;tight緊的。由下一句作者熬夜工作可知,作者的工作期限很緊。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 42.A [awake醒著的;calm冷靜的;healthy健康的;stro
42、ng強(qiáng)壯的。作者通過吃零食、喝蘇打水來保持清醒狀態(tài)。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 43.B [goal目標(biāo);memory記憶;reality現(xiàn)實(shí);trend趨勢。熬夜使得作者沒有再堅(jiān)持合理的飲食和鍛煉,所以合理的飲食和鍛煉成為了一個(gè)“記憶”。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 44.C [unbelievable難以置信的;changeable易變的;understandable可理解的;enjoyable愉快的。作者太疲憊了以至于不能堅(jiān)持鍛煉,這雖然不幸但是可以理解。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 45.C [therefore因此;however但是;besides此外;otherwise否則。上一句提到作者太累以至于不能堅(jiān)持鍛煉。該句提到作者有大量工作要做。這都是作者放棄的原因,它們之間是并列關(guān)系,故C項(xiàng)正確。] 46.B [lack缺乏;save儲(chǔ)存,節(jié)??;show展示;throw扔。大量的工作需要消耗作者所能儲(chǔ)存的所有能量。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 47.A [once一旦;before以前;unless除非;though但是。一旦間斷鍛煉,以后就很容易經(jīng)常間斷。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 48.D [choice選擇;fault缺點(diǎn),過失;cause起因;excuse借口。作者認(rèn)為我們總是能夠找到理由不去做應(yīng)該做的事。每一個(gè)理由都是為自己開脫的借口。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 11
- 溫馨提示:
1: 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
2: 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
3.本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
5. 裝配圖網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 110中國人民警察節(jié)(筑牢忠誠警魂感受別樣警彩)
- 2025正字當(dāng)頭廉字入心爭當(dāng)公安隊(duì)伍鐵軍
- XX國企干部警示教育片觀后感筑牢信仰之基堅(jiān)守廉潔底線
- 2025做擔(dān)當(dāng)時(shí)代大任的中國青年P(guān)PT青年思想教育微黨課
- 2025新年工作部署會(huì)圍繞六個(gè)干字提要求
- XX地區(qū)中小學(xué)期末考試經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)(認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)輕松應(yīng)考)
- 支部書記上黨課筑牢清廉信念為高質(zhì)量發(fā)展?fàn)I造風(fēng)清氣正的環(huán)境
- 冬季消防安全知識(shí)培訓(xùn)冬季用電防火安全
- 2025加強(qiáng)政治引領(lǐng)(政治引領(lǐng)是現(xiàn)代政黨的重要功能)
- 主播直播培訓(xùn)直播技巧與方法
- 2025六廉六進(jìn)持續(xù)涵養(yǎng)良好政治生態(tài)
- 員工職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃方案制定個(gè)人職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃
- 2024年XX地區(qū)黨建引領(lǐng)鄉(xiāng)村振興工作總結(jié)
- XX中小學(xué)期末考試經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)(認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)輕松應(yīng)考)
- 幼兒園期末家長會(huì)長長的路慢慢地走