雙筋蹄鏜鉸組合機床設(shè)計【包含CAD圖紙+PDF圖】

雙筋蹄鏜鉸組合機床設(shè)計【包含CAD圖紙+PDF圖】,包含CAD圖紙+PDF圖,雙筋蹄鏜鉸,組合,機床,設(shè)計,包含,CAD,圖紙,PDF 鹽城電大畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 2006 雙筋蹄組合機床的夾具設(shè)計 摘 要：夾具主要依據(jù)零件的加工要求來設(shè)計的。夾具應滿足零件加工工序的精度要求、加工生產(chǎn)率要求，并保證操作方便、安全及使用壽命和較低的夾具制造成本。本課題加工的零件是焊接件，總體呈拱形，兩端分別有直徑為20mm和30mm的孔，拱形的外緣有一高為100mm的肋板。零件的加工精度要求較低。 根據(jù)六點定位原理和定位基準的選擇原則，采用長V型塊，支承塊和定位擋鐵定位。長V型塊置于拱形肋板后限制x軸的兩自由度和z軸的兩自由度，擋鐵置于孔端限制繞y軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的自由度，支承塊置于肋板下方限制沿y軸移動的自由度。依據(jù)相關(guān)原理計算定位誤差。根據(jù)夾緊方式的選擇原則選擇夾緊元件為壓板壓頭和V型塊，然后通過切削力進行夾緊力的計算。夾緊的動力裝置選用液壓裝置。按照定位元件和夾緊元件設(shè)計連接件。因為刀桿較短，所以在本課題中導向元件設(shè)計就不作要求。然后進行其它元件和裝置的設(shè)計。 根據(jù)以上元件和裝置確定夾具總體布局和夾具體的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，并處理好定位元件在夾具體上的位置。繪制夾具方案設(shè)計，進行工序精度分析。對以上設(shè)計進行審核。最后設(shè)計夾具總裝配圖。 關(guān)鍵詞：夾具; 定位; 夾緊; 組合機床。 The design of the jig of double rebars and feet of modular machine Abstract: The jig design is based on the request of parts working . the jig should satisfy the request of mading procedure precision , the processing productivity, and guarantee ease of operation, security ,service life and low production cost. This parts are the weldment in this task, the whole parts with two holes lying in head and foot whose the diameter respectively are 20mm and the 30mm assume the arch, the arch outflow boundary has a ribbed plate whose height is the 100mm. The parts processing precision is low. According to six localizations principles and selection principle of the localization datum, using the long V block, the supporting block and the localization comes true the hard localization. The long V block putted in the arch ribbed plate to limit two degrees of freedom in x axis and the z axes two degrees of freedom, the iron putted in the hole end limit to the degree of freedom which circle the y rotation of axis, the supporting block putted under the ribbed plate to limit degree of freedom along the y axis migration. position error is reckoned by the correlation principle . According to the way of the selection principle , discharge head and V block is selected to clamp the part .Then Computation of the strength is achieved by carrying on through the cutting force clamps . The power of clamps is from the hydraulic unit. Design of bridge piece is according to the location part and the clamp part. The guide part designing in this topic is not requested because the cutter bar is short. Other parts and equipment is designed following last process. The jig overall arrargement and concrete structure of the body clamp is determined with the above part and the equipment. The position of the components in the kits specific location must be guaranteed ,and then design the jig , carry on the working procedure precision analysis. The design review is following. Finally the jig assembly drawing is achieved. Keywords: jig ; location; clamp; modular machine tool. 畢業(yè)實習報告 專 業(yè) 學 生 姓 名 班 級 學 號 指 導 教 師 日 期 實　習　報　告 一、 概述 實踐是檢驗真理的唯一標準，也是認識的重要來源。畢業(yè)設(shè)計實習是我們做好畢業(yè)設(shè)計的重要實踐環(huán)節(jié)，為我們做好畢業(yè)設(shè)計打下了良好的實踐基礎(chǔ)。同時讓我們對所學的課本知識進行了實踐性的操作。畢業(yè)實習的目的是讓我們直接接觸企業(yè)，深入到生產(chǎn)第一線，進一步了解現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的實際生產(chǎn)過程；了解企業(yè)運營過程中存在的問題和改革的難點；了解新技術(shù)、新設(shè)備的應用，開闊眼界；了解專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的先進技術(shù)與管理，圍繞畢業(yè)設(shè)計課題進一步了解相關(guān)的知識和進行資料的收集，在調(diào)查研究的過程中提高應用專業(yè)知識和撰寫工作報告的能力。首先，我們需要對機械制造理論從感性認識上升到理性認識；同時，要加強對新理論、新知識的學習，了解各種機床的制造方法、加工方法以及定位夾緊的基本原理等；其次，要分析各類零件加工工藝，了解數(shù)控車床、加工中心及其組成；最后，要重點掌握組合機床的結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是主傳動結(jié)構(gòu)，以便畢業(yè)設(shè)計。 二、 實習過程 根據(jù)學校對畢業(yè)班的要求，在畢業(yè)設(shè)計正式啟動之前，學校給我們安排了兩周的工廠實習，具體過程如下： 3月07-08日 江淮動力集團 3月09-10日 悅達拖拉機廠 3月13-14日 鹽城精密機床制造有限公司 3月15-17日 鹽城市高精機電設(shè)備有限公司 三、 實習內(nèi)容 實習的內(nèi)容主要有兩個：（1）是查閱資料，（2）是工廠實習。 （1），查閱資料： 在圖書館，我查閱?機械設(shè)計簡明手冊?，?組合機床設(shè)計?（第一部分，機械傳動），《機床夾具設(shè)計手冊》，《機械制造裝備》其中有很多值得借鑒的地方，也增強了我對相關(guān)知識的了解和掌握。 在查閱《機械制造裝備》時，我對機床的設(shè)計有了更加深刻的了解，如機床設(shè)計的基本要求：為了設(shè)計和制造技術(shù)先進、質(zhì)量好、效率高、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、使用方便的機床，設(shè)計時應考慮如下要求； 1， 工藝范圍；2，生產(chǎn)率和自動化程度；3，加工精度和表面粗糙度；4，可靠 性；5，機床的效率和壽命；6，系列化、通用化、標準化程度；7，環(huán)保等等。 總之，設(shè)計機床時必須從實際出發(fā)綜合考慮，一般應充分考慮加工精度、 表質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)率和可靠性。 另外我也了解了有關(guān)機床的設(shè)計方法和設(shè)計步驟 1、 機床的設(shè)計方法 理論分析、計算和試驗研究相結(jié)合的設(shè)計方法是機床設(shè)計的傳統(tǒng)方法，隨著科學技術(shù)的進步，機床設(shè)計的理論和方法也在不斷進步。計算機技術(shù)和分析技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，使得計算機輔助技術(shù)（CAD）和計算機輔助工程（CAD）等技術(shù)，已經(jīng)應用于機床設(shè)計的各個階段，改變了傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法，由定性設(shè)計向定量設(shè)計、由靜態(tài)和線形分析向動態(tài)和非線形分析、由可靠性設(shè)計向最佳設(shè)計過渡，這可以提高機床的設(shè)計質(zhì)量和設(shè)計效率。 機床的設(shè)計方法還應考慮機床的類型，如通用機床應采用系列化設(shè)計方法等。 2、 機床的設(shè)計步驟 不同類型的機床其設(shè)計方法也不盡相同，一般機床設(shè)計的步驟可分為調(diào)查調(diào)查、擬訂方案、技術(shù)設(shè)計和整機綜合評定。 ⑴調(diào)查研究 ⑵擬定方案 ⑶技術(shù)設(shè)計 ⑷整機綜合評價 而在外實習時我們了解了許多的理性知識，如在江動集團時我們了解到曲柄應選用何種材料，在曲柄上什么地方的精度要求較高，如何加工，它的動平衡如何保證。 （2），工廠實習 在工廠實習期間，我們參觀了相關(guān)工廠的加工車間，了解氣缸體的加工工藝， 組合機床加工概況；然后參觀了裝配車間，接著參觀了曲軸加工車間，了解到曲 軸的加工和檢測；最后參觀了多缸體加工車間，對零件的加工有了初步的認識。 下面是汽缸體和曲軸的工藝： 柴油機汽缸體的加工主要采用大連機床廠生產(chǎn)的專用組合機床。其加工流程：首先進行鑄造，銑削加工，再進行磨削加工，接著是鏜削加工（粗和精），接下就是鉆孔加工，最后攻絲。 1115柴油機箱體加工： 雙面銑削上下表面，以側(cè)面為基準，加工余量3mm，所銑表面作為粗加工基準，雙面銑削側(cè)面，以底面為粗加工基準面，加工余量3mm。銑上下表面以側(cè)面為基準，半精銑上下表面，以側(cè)面為基準，加工余量1mm。精加工側(cè)面，以底面為精加工基準，加工余量1mm。 精加工上下表面：以側(cè)面為精加工基準，加工余量1mm。三面粗鏜，以上下表面為加工基準，精鏜、挖槽。采用兩面定位，上下面為基準，定位塊為輔助基準。三面鉆孔，三面定位攻絲。 曲軸的加工是先在臥式雙面鉆的專用組合機床上進行加工中心孔，通過自動線再到磨床上對曲軸圓柱體外表面進行粗精加工，由自動線傳到臥式銑床對曲軸進行加工鍵槽，由自動線傳動立式鉆床進行鉆孔，又經(jīng)自動線傳動C6140車床進行螺紋加工，最后通過叉車送到熱處理車間進行熱處理。 還了解龍門銑床、龍門刨床的結(jié)構(gòu)、性能以及齒輪的加工工藝等。我們重點還對畢業(yè)設(shè)計有關(guān)的組合床進行了調(diào)研實習。 四、三面鉆孔加工的組合機床-夾具系統(tǒng)的分析 根據(jù)收集到的資料，江動集團的柴油機汽缸體所采用的孔加工組合機床大致上符合畢業(yè)課題的參考。組合機床是一種高效率，經(jīng)濟好的機床，便于實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)自動化。江動集團采用自己開發(fā)的專用三面鉆孔加工的組合機床，該組合機床為臥式組合機床。此種組合機床由三個側(cè)底座，三個動力滑臺，夾具，三個多軸箱，三個動力箱，中間底座，電氣控制設(shè)備，氣壓裝置，鉆削刀具等組成。箱件在三面鉆組合機床上加工過程為：氣壓驅(qū)動夾具對箱體上下夾緊，左右夾緊 — 電氣按鈕驅(qū)動快進電機來實現(xiàn)快速進刀 — 快進電機關(guān)閉工進電機啟動，把快進轉(zhuǎn)工進對箱件進行鉆削加工達 — 到加工鉆削深度時，滑鞍碰上死擋鐵使絲杠不轉(zhuǎn)，使傳動裝置中過轉(zhuǎn)矩保護裝置啟動 — 啟動快進電機反轉(zhuǎn)，滑鞍快速退回 — 打開氣壓開關(guān)放氣減壓，夾具松開 — 取出箱體。 另外，針對本人的課題（雙筋踢組合機床的夾具設(shè)計）我對夾具的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)也進行了初步的分析：夾具大多數(shù)是采用機動夾緊方式，如：氣動、液壓動、電動等，其中以氣動的液壓裝置應用最為廣泛；氣動夾緊的動力源是壓縮空氣，一般壓縮空氣由壓縮空氣站供應，經(jīng)管路損失后，通過夾緊裝置中的壓縮空氣為4－6個大氣壓；在設(shè)計計算時，通常以4個大氣壓來計算較為安全；氣動傳動系統(tǒng)的組成元件包括：氣源、氣缸、或氣室、油霧器、減壓閥、單向閥、分配閥、調(diào)速閥、壓力表等。 五、實習感想 。 通過兩周的畢業(yè)實習，讓我們對以前已有所學的專業(yè)知識又進行了一個比較詳細的鞏固，通過實習和調(diào)查讓我們對機械設(shè)備的設(shè)計全部過程有了一個全面的認識。也讓我們對有關(guān)的設(shè)計資料的查閱有了充分的了解。也對機械設(shè)備的市場調(diào)查也有了進一步的認識：機械設(shè)備要有良好的經(jīng)濟性，在符合條件的基礎(chǔ)上讓制造成本最低，選擇比較合理的設(shè)計方安和良好的工藝。這些也為我們的畢業(yè)設(shè)計做好了充分的準備。 實習已經(jīng)結(jié)束。在戀戀不舍之余，我也有了更多的勇氣，更多力量，投入到最后的一學期的學習中。社會是個大課堂，我要學的東西還有很多。我會把這短短兩個星期的實習生活作為一個新的起點，努力地突破自我，為更高的目標奮斗。這次實習讓我深刻體會到讀書固然是增長知識開闊眼界的途徑，但是多一些實踐，徜徉于實事當中，觸摸一下社會的脈搏，給自己定個位，也是一種絕好的提高自身綜合素質(zhì)的機會。 4 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 說 明 書 雙筋蹄鏜鉸組合機床夾具設(shè)計 專 業(yè) 學生姓名 班 級 學 號 指導教師 完成日期 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 開題論證報告 專 業(yè) 學生姓名 班 級 學 號 指導教師 完成日期 課題名稱：雙筋蹄鏜鉸組合機床夾具設(shè)計 一、課題來源、課題研究的主要內(nèi)容及國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀綜述 1. 課題來源 本課題來源于高精機電設(shè)備有限公司，為加工帶有直徑分別為20和34兩孔的零件并保證其加工精度要求。需要設(shè)計一臺一面粗鏜一面精鉸的組合機床。 2. 課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 為了保證被加工零件上的兩個孔的表面粗糙度，提高生產(chǎn)率，涉及一臺可以同時粗鏜和精鉸的鏜鉸機床，本課題主要進行該組合機床的夾具設(shè)計。 3. 國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀綜述 如今，組合機床技術(shù)發(fā)展迅猛。重要的是組合機床的向自動化，數(shù)字化，柔性化方向發(fā)展。在組合機床這類專用機床中，回轉(zhuǎn)式多工位組合機床和自動線占有很重要的地位。因為這?兩類機床可以把工件的許多加工工序分配到多個加工工位上，并同時能從多個方向?qū)ぜ膸讉€面進行加工，此?外，還可以通過轉(zhuǎn)位夾具(在回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺機床上)或通過轉(zhuǎn)位、翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置(在自動線上)實現(xiàn)工件的五面加工或全部?加工，因而具有很高的自動化程度和生產(chǎn)效率，被汽車、摩托車和壓縮機等工業(yè)部門所采用。? ?? 十多年來，為適應多品?種生產(chǎn)，傳統(tǒng)以加工單一品種的剛性組合機床和自動線必須提高其柔性。在?1988年至1992年間，日本組合機床和自動線(包括部分其它形式的專用機床)產(chǎn)量的數(shù)控化率已達32%～39%，產(chǎn)值?數(shù)控比率達35%～51%；德國組合機床和自動線產(chǎn)量的數(shù)控化率為18%～62%，產(chǎn)值數(shù)控化率達45%～66%(表2)。這?些數(shù)字表明，近十年來，組合機床的數(shù)控化發(fā)展是十分迅速的。應指出，進入90年代以來，汽車市場競爭更趨激?烈，產(chǎn)品市場壽命進一步縮短，新車型的開發(fā)周期日益縮短(目前一般為35個月)，汽車品種不斷增多，因而汽車?工業(yè)對柔性自動化技術(shù)裝備的需求量日益增多。，組合機床及其自動線在保持其高生產(chǎn)效率的條件下，進一步提高其柔性?就愈來愈具有重要意義。? 二、本課題擬解決的問題 本人的課題是GJ359雙筋蹄鏜鉸機床夾具設(shè)計，需要解決的問題主要有：組合機床夾具的自由度，合理設(shè)計組合機床夾具的裝夾精度，確定裝夾步驟，動力驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，確定構(gòu)件的結(jié)構(gòu)、排布、配合關(guān)系，剛度校核等。 三、解決方案及預期效果 根據(jù)雙筋蹄零件兩孔的技術(shù)要求和零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，合理設(shè)計夾具各部件的結(jié)構(gòu)，保證裝夾精度和限制零件的自由度，保證零件的定位精度、確保夾具的夾緊可靠和裝卸方便，適應批量生產(chǎn)的要求。 四、課題進度安排 3月6日～3月17日．畢業(yè)實習階段。 畢業(yè)實習，查閱資料，到多個公司實踐，撰寫實習報告。 3月18日～3月30日．論文開題階段。 提出總體設(shè)計方案及草圖，填寫開題報告。 4月1日～5月10日． 設(shè)計(論文)初稿階段。 完成總體設(shè)計圖、部件圖、零件圖。 5月11日～5月25日． 中期檢查階段 中期檢查，編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書。 5月26日～5月28日． 畢業(yè)設(shè)計預答辯 5月29日～6月2日．畢業(yè)設(shè)計 圖紙修改、設(shè)計說明書修改、定稿，材料復查。論文修改、定稿，材料復查。 6月3日～6月5日．畢業(yè)答辯 6月6日～6月8日．材料整理裝袋。 五、指導教師意見 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　 年　 月　　日 六、專業(yè)系意見 年　 月　　日 七、學院意見 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 年　 月　　日 2 文 獻 資 料 專 業(yè) 學 生 姓 名 班 級 學 號 指 導 教 師 文 獻 資 料 [1] 大連組合機床研究所.組合機床設(shè)計第一冊[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1975． [2] 金振華.組合機床及其調(diào)整與使用[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1990． [3] 徐英南.組合機床及其自動線的使用與調(diào)整[M]．北京：勞動人事出版社，1987． [4] 大連組合機床研究所.機械工程手冊第62篇[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1980． [5] 孟少農(nóng).機械加工工藝手冊第3卷[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1992． [6] 范國清.組合機床通用部件專輯[M]．大連：大連組合機床研究所 [7] 沈陽工學院.組合機床設(shè)計[M]．上海：上海科技出版社,1985． [8] 大連組合機床研究所.組合機床[M]．1980年～1986年．《組合機床與自動化加工技術(shù)》1987～1992． [9] 黃鶴汀.金屬切削機床設(shè)計[M]．上海：上?？萍嘉墨I出版社，1986． [10] 顧維邦.金屬切削機床（下冊）[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1984． [11] 李天無.簡明機械工程師手冊（上冊）[M]．昆明：云南科技出版社，1988． [12] 李鐵堯.金屬切削機床[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1990． [13] 黃少昌.計算機輔助機械設(shè)計技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)[M]．清華大學出版社，1988． [14] 王隆太.基于PC微機對多軸箱輔助設(shè)計系統(tǒng)BOXCAD的開發(fā)研究[M]．機床．1990． [15] 李元奇.計算機輔助設(shè)計多孔鉆主軸箱[M]．機械工業(yè)自動化．1983．（4） [16] 姚永明.非標準設(shè)備設(shè)計[M]．上海：上海交通大學出版社，1999． 1 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）任務書 填表時間： 年 月 日 （指導教師填表） 學生姓名 專業(yè)班級 指導教師 課題類型 組合機床 題目 雙筋蹄鏜鉸組合機床總體設(shè)計 主要研究 目標 (或研 究內(nèi)容) 1、 鏜鉸組合機床的總體方案設(shè)計； 2、 零件圖的繪制； 3、 夾具體裝配圖的繪制； 4、 機床尺寸聯(lián)系圖的繪制； 課題要求、主要任務及數(shù)量（指圖紙規(guī)格、張數(shù)，說明書頁數(shù)、論文字數(shù)等） 根據(jù)“雙筋蹄”零件的特點及Ф20、Ф34兩孔的技術(shù)要求，設(shè)計一臺鏜鉸組合機床。 1、 組合機床總體設(shè)計：1）組合機床總圖，2）組合機床裝配圖，3）有關(guān)計算、校核。 2、 部件設(shè)計：1）部件裝配圖，2）主要構(gòu)件零件圖，3）其它零件圖，4）有關(guān)計算、校核。 3、 撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書10000字以上。 進度計劃 1、查資料、熟悉零件結(jié)構(gòu)，完成工藝分析。 5周~7周 2、完成組合機床夾具設(shè)計、零件設(shè)計。 8周~13周 3、完成畢業(yè)論文。 13周~15周 4、畢業(yè)答辯。 16周 主要參 考文獻 1、 李益民，機械制造工藝設(shè)計手冊，機械工業(yè)出版社，1995 2、 劉德榮，組合夾具結(jié)構(gòu)圖設(shè)計手冊，機械工業(yè)出版社，1982 3、 徐錦康，機械設(shè)計，機械工業(yè)出版社，2001 指導教師簽字： 教研室主任簽字： 年 月 日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務書 課題：雙筋蹄鏜鉸組合機床夾具設(shè)計 專 業(yè) 學 生 姓 名 班 級 學 號 指 導 教 師 發(fā) 放 日 期 一、設(shè)計內(nèi)容 課題來源于江蘇高精機床有限公司。 對雙筋蹄零件鏜鉸孔加工組合機床夾具設(shè)計。要求保證孔的尺寸精度和孔的粗糙 度要求，設(shè)計一副兩件雙面加工鏜鉸夾具，要求定位合理，裝夾可靠、方便。 二、設(shè)計依據(jù) 雙筋蹄鏜鉸機床夾具設(shè)計，需要解決的問題主要有：限制零件的自由度，確保定 位可靠，保證零件的定位精度；設(shè)計動力驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的夾緊機構(gòu)，確定構(gòu)件的結(jié)構(gòu)合理、 裝卸方便，能有效地提高生產(chǎn)效率。并對夾緊裝置進行剛度校核等。 三、技術(shù)要求 1、應能滿足加工要求，保證加工精度； 2、機床應運轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn)，工作可靠，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單； 3、裝卸方便，便于維修、調(diào)整； 4、盡量使用通用件，以便降低制造成本； 四、畢業(yè)設(shè)計物化成果的具體內(nèi)容及要求 1、設(shè)計說明書1份，達1萬字以上，且要符合規(guī)范要求； 2、設(shè)計圖樣全部用AutoCAD繪制，總的繪圖量達3張A0以上；手工繪圖一張； 3、具體設(shè)計的圖樣有：機床夾具裝配總圖、夾具體圖以及主要零件圖； 4、有關(guān)計算、校核。 五、畢業(yè)設(shè)計進度計劃 起訖日期 工作內(nèi)容 備 注 布置任務 下達任務書 調(diào)查研究，收集資料，熟悉課題,畢業(yè)實習 總體設(shè)計，方案論證 部件、零件設(shè)計階段 編寫說明書 畢業(yè)設(shè)計預答辯 修改整理 復查材料 評閱 畢業(yè)答辯 材料整理裝袋 六、主要參考文獻： [1] 大連組合機床研究所.組合機床設(shè)計第一冊[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1975． [2] 金振華.組合機床及其調(diào)整與使用[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1990． [3] 徐英南.組合機床及其自動線的使用與調(diào)整[M]．北京：勞動人事出版社，1987． [4] 大連組合機床研究所.機械工程手冊第62篇[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1980． [5] 孟少農(nóng).機械加工工藝手冊第3卷[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1992． [6] 范國清.組合機床通用部件專輯[M]．大連：大連組合機床研究所 [7] 沈陽工學院.組合機床設(shè)計[M]．上海：上?？萍汲霭嫔?1985． [8] 大連組合機床研究所.組合機床[M]．1980年～1986年．《組合機床與自動化加工技術(shù)》1987～1992． [9] 黃鶴汀.金屬切削機床設(shè)計[M]．上海：上?？萍嘉墨I出版社，1986． [10] 顧維邦.金屬切削機床（下冊）[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1984． [11] 李天無.簡明機械工程師手冊（上冊）[M]．昆明：云南科技出版社，1988． [12] 李鐵堯.金屬切削機床[M]．北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，1990． [13] 黃少昌.計算機輔助機械設(shè)計技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)[M]．清華大學出版社，1988． [14] 王隆太.基于PC微機對多軸箱輔助設(shè)計系統(tǒng)BOXCAD的開發(fā)研究[M]．機床．1990． [15] 李元奇.計算機輔助設(shè)計多孔鉆主軸箱[M]．機械工業(yè)自動化．1983．（4） [16] 姚永明.非標準設(shè)備設(shè)計[M]．上海：上海交通大學出版社，1999 七、其他 4 附錄 附錄1 英文原文 Combine tool machine a slippery pedestal the research of the dynamic state characteristic 【Summary】this text make use of power key to match diagram and appearance space analyticalthe method hurtle and exercise a steady sex problem to carry on analysis and study towards combining tool machine slip pedestal of ex-ly, the liquid which builds up a slippery pedestalpresses to drive system a from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon dynamic statemathematics model of system.Pass a calculator numeral to imitate really, hurtle and exercise notsteady reason and main impact factor before analyzing a slippery pedestal a creation.From in get, if reasonably design a liquid to press an urn with from adjust to carry on the back to press toadjust structure size of press the valve, can make the dynamic state characteristic of slipperypedestal shown a Zhao improvement. One, preface Combine a tool machine work in, the varieties which slip a size of sport speed and direction andthe load bear all influence degree differently it work function.Especially in the work enter theprocess.Slippery the on the stage load of suddenly disappear causable of ex- hurtle and load ofthe period variety cause of the sport gravamen be steady, all is processed the surface quality ofpiece the influence, severity hour will cause the knife break.Request according to tool machinefactory in Dalian, the author adopts power key to match diagram and the analytical method establishment of the appearance space to combine the new liquid that the tool machine slips apedestal to press to drive system a from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon dynamic state mathematics model of system.Pass a calculator numeral to imitate really and study.Analytical slippery the pedestal produce ago hurtle and exercise not steady reason and main impact factor, in order to improvement slippery the dynamic state characteristic of pedestal. Two, dynamic state mathematics model The liquid which combines tool machine to slip a pedestal presses to drive system a from adjustto carry on the back to press to adjust soon the work principle diagram of system,such as diagram I, to show.That system is the work circulation which uses to complete "the work enter a stop a back quickly".When slippery pedestal work enter, 34 change to be placed in diagram to show a right toward the valve, the oil pump of provide hydraulic-pneumatic dint under thefunction which over flows valve look like ground to keep Heng settle, the oil's liquid flows through to change toward the valve and adjust soon valve juniors into the oil urn of have no a pole chamber, push slippery the set be left shift;In the meantime, oil urn the pressure oil that if there is pole chamber, eject through from adjust to carry on the back to press valve and change to flow to return to fuel tank toward the valve.In this process, two one-way valves with overflowed to flow valve and always don't change original work appearance.Object that system so of complications not line system, for the sake of easy to study its dynamic state characteristic, build up a reasonable simple dynamic state mathematics model which only emphasizes to consider main impact factor is particularly important[1][2].Know from the theories the analysis with experiment the research:That system of process time be soon that the process which is far larger than to adjust valve is soonhorary, oil urn have no the pole chamber effectively accepts to press area very greatly, adjust soon valve export discharge of super adjust a reflection in a moment is slippery pedestal sport speed of the variety be pimping[2].For openning widely and going deep into dynamic state characteristic of study the system, make research work can on the microcomputer availably carry on, this text to original model[2] do further simplification, on thesupposition that adjust soon the valve outputs in the whole transition process of system Hengsettle of discharge, treat it as to flow a source.So, the structure sketch plan of the dynamic state model of system such as figure 2 show, it from oil urn, slippery set, carry on the back to press valve and unite connector's road's etc. to constitute from the Diao.This text in use of sign asfollows: S 1-flow a source, then adjust soon valve export discharge; Sel-the slippery set glide friction Sel-the slippery set glide friction C5, C6-the etc. effect liquid of tube road permit: R5, R7-take care of an etc. of road effect liquid Zu; V3, the V4-oil urn has no pole chamber and has a pole chamber the contents to accumulate; P3, the pressure which have no pole chamber and have a pole chamber of the P4-oil urn F-the slippery set bear a load, V-slip a pedestal sport speed.The this literary grace hard working rate key matches diagram and appearance space to fold a method establishment sport mathematics model of the system for cent. Power key's matching diagram is an effect to flow diagram, it is the energy which presses system to deliver a way, take actual structure as foundation, the function which uses concentration parameter the of sub- system relates to an abstract earth's surface to show for the Zu a dollar Rand permits sex dollar C and sensitive faculty dollar I of three kinds of function dollar.Adopt thiskind of method sets up a mold physical concept clear, combine the appearance space analysis method can compare to accurately describe with analysis line system, that method is in the hour the area study complications the line system dynamic state characteristic not of a kind of valid of method. According to from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon the main characteristic ofeach component of system and set up mold rule[1], get figure 3 show of the power key of system match diagram.Each half arrowhead on the key in diagram means that the power fly to, 2 which constitute power change the quantity be a dint to change to measure(hydraulic-pneumatic P or function dint F) and flow to change to measure(discharge q or speed v).O crunode means in the system to belong to merge a conjunction, each dint of key changes to measure equality but flows to change to measure it with is zero;1 crunodes mean in the system to belong to establish a conjunction, each key is upper-class to change to measure equality but dint to change to measure it with is zero.TF means a different energy form the transformation machine of, the TF bottom mark of the letter of alphabet mean that the dint changes to measure or flows to change to measure of conversion specific value.The short and horizontal Gang of key means that key ascend two change the cause and effect between quantities relate to.The whole arrowheadses mean a control relation.Permit the dint of sex dollar and sensitive faculty dollar to change to measure in three kinds of function dollar and flow to change to measure it have integral calculus or differential calculus relation, therefore, according to figure 3 can deduce to submit to havenine complications that the appearances change to measure not the line appearance square distance.This text to slippery pedestal the research of the dynamic state characteristic from slippery pedestal of ex- hurtle and exercise steady sex both side to commence, use four ranks certainly tread long Runge-Kutta method at IBM-PC microcomputer up carry on numeral to imitate really, imitate a true result to distinguish such as figure 4 with figure 5 show. Three, slip to hurtle before the pedestal Slippery before the pedestal hurtle phenomenon is what function at slip the load of on the stage suddenly disappeared( if drilled to deeply work circumstance) cause.In this process, the variety which slips two chamber pressure P3s and P4 of the load F, sport speed V, oil urn of pedestal can from the figure 4 imitate true result see.When the slippery pedestal evenly and soon exercises under the function of the load, the oil urn has no pole chamber oil liquid pressure higher.It came together a great deal of energy in the oil liquid.While loading to suddenly disappear, that chamber is hydraulic-pneumatic to immediately and quickly lower, the oil liquid turns into the process of low-pressure Tai toward system to release a lot of energies from the high pressure Tai and cause slippery pedestal the high speed pounds at forward.However, slip a pedestal of ex- hurtle to make an oil urn to have a pole chamber the oil liquid is press to cause to carry on the back to press to go up, thus the depletion drop one part of energies in the system, to slippery pedestal of front blunt certainly repress a function.Should see, in the system study, from adjust to carry on the back entrance pressure of press the valve and be subjected to an oil urn two chambers hydraulic-pneumatic comprehensive function.BE load a disappeared moment, from adjust to carry on the back the pressure of press the valve quickly rises, and stabilize the number which starts to carry on the back to press at the beginning in the Gao up.From the diagram it is thus clear that, from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon the system is in a twinkling load to disappear oil urn carry the range that the pressure go up on oil urn's back big in traditionally adjust soon system, so, its oil urn energy which have the oil liquid in the pole chamber absorption many;Result, slip a pedestal of ex- blunt the quantity adjusts system to soon want than the tradition small be close to 20%.It is thus clear that adoption from adjust to carry on the back a Chuang to adjust soon system conduct and actions to drive the slippery pedestal of system to have good characteristic in the aspects of hurtling before repress, among them from adjust to carry on the back to press valve to have very your work to use. Four, slip the exercise of pedestal steady While regarding as a load period of used for the slippery on the stage variety(if the Xian pares to process a circumstance), the sport speed which slips a pedestal wants to produce certain。motion.In order to process the request of quality at assurance, have to possibly let up its speed motion scope.Set out from the convenience discussed a problem, suppose a load by the sine wave regulation variety, get thus of numeral imitate a true result such as figure 5 show.Be showed from this that system and traditionally adjust soon system to have same variety regulation with very close of number.The reason is that the variety range of load isn't big, oil urn two chamber pressures also more and greatly didn't change, end cause from adjust to carry on the back a function of press the valve not enough obvious. Five, improve measure Study result enunciation, with from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon system for drive the slippery set of system, its dynamic state characteristic surpasses to traditionally adjustsoon system.Want to reduce the ex- blunt quantity of slippery pedestal, must be load the disappeared moment quickly raises an oil urn have a pole chamber of carry on the back pressure;Want to raise the exercise of slippery pedestal steady to need to increase system of rigid, the main measure lies in the physical volume which lets up an oil liquid.Know °from the structure of the system, the oil urn has a pole chamber to have with the row pipeline one very big capacity and show such as the figure 6 as.It of the existence delay with Shuai reduce from adjust to carry on the back a function of press the valve, also lowered system on the other hand of rigid, it limitted to hurtle characteristic and exercise the further improvement of steady ago.Therefore, the improvement slippery pedestal dynamic state characteristic can carry on from two paths:Namely change an oil urn capacity and change from adjust to carry on the back to pressvalve structure size.The comparison passed one true calculation and result of the imitate of parameter of the system structure can get:When oil urn have pole chamber and row pipeline thecapacity V4 together has no pole chamber with enter pipeline the capacity V3 of ratio from original of 5.5 change to 1, such as the figure 6 bs show, in the meantime, from adjust to carry on the back to press the valve valve Xin bottom to carry diameter is increase by the original 10 mms for the 13 mms, damping triangle slot side long let up a 0.7 mms from the original lmm, canmake slippery pedestal of ex- hurtle quantity to let up 30%, transfer the process obviouslyshortens for time and slip the exercise of pedestal steady to get to very greatly improve. Six, conclusion Imitate a true research through theories analysis and calculator, from adjust to carry on the back to press to adjust soon system Be combine a drive of the tool machine slippery pedestal system to have much of expansion use value.The main factor which influences a slippery pedestal dynamic state characteristic is oil urn internal structure with from adjust to carry on the back topress valve of size.If as to it's carry on a reasonable design, the dynamic state characteristic canmake to slip a pedestal is shown Zhao ground an improvement.Also explained adoption power in make to slip a pedestal is shown Zhao ground an improvement.Also explained adoption power incomplications not line is convenience valid of. In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, thisindicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthen and partially toreplace the mental labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agriculture, the industry society created only is strengthens the physical labor the tool to compare, got up the quantitive leap, entered the information society for the humanity to lay the foundation. After 6 years, in 1952, computer technology applied to the engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, thetraditional enginebed hashad the archery target change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control system has experienced two stages and six generation of development. The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then science computation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt the engine bed real-time control request. The people can not but use numeral logic circuit "to build" to become an engine bed special purpose computer to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connection numerical control (HARD-WIREDNC), Jian Chengwei numerical control (NC). Along with the primary devicedevelopment, this stage has had been through repeatedly three generations, namely 1952first generation of -- electron tube; 1959second generation of -- transistor; 1965 third generation -- small scale integration electric circuit. In 1970, the general minicomputer already appeared and the mass production. Thereupon transplants it takes the numerical control system the core part, from this time on entered the computer numerical control (CNC)the stage ("which shouldhave computer in front of the general" two characters to abbreviate). In 1971, American INTEL Corporation in the world first time the computer two most cores part -- logic units and the controller, used the large scale integrated circuit technology integration on together the chip, called it the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR),alsomightbe called the centralprocessing element (tobe calledCPU). The microprocessor is applied to 1974 in the numerical control system. This is because minicomputer function too strong, controlled an engine bed ability to have wealthily (therefore once uses in controlling the multi- Taiwan engine bed at that time, called it group control), was inferior to used the microprocessor economy to be reasonable. Moreover then small machine reliability was not ideal. The early microprocessor speed and the function although insufficiently are alsohigh, but may solve through the multi-processor structure. Because the microprocessor is the general-purpose calculator core part, therefore still was called the computer numerical control. In 1990, PC machine (personal computer, domestic custom had called microcomputer) the performance has developed to the very high stage, may satisfiedly take the numerical control system core part the request. The numerical control system henceforth entered based on the PC stage. In brief, the computer numerical control stage has also experienced three generations. Namely 1970fourth generation of -- minicomputer; 1974five dynasties-- microprocessor and 1990sixth generation -- (overseaswascalledPC-BASED) based on PC. onto this path. Uses PC machine to take at least its front end machine, processes the man-machine contact surface, the programming, the association.Question and so on net correspondence, undertakes the numerical control duty by the original system. PC machine has the friendly man-machine contact surface, will popularize to all numerical controls system. The long-distancecommunication, the long-distance diagnosis and the service will be more common. Along with the artificial intelligence in the computer domain unceasing seepage and the development, the numerical control system intellectualized degree unceasingly will enhance. applies the adaptive control technology The numerical controlsystem can examine in theprocess some important information, and the automatic control system related parameter, achieves the improvement system running status the goal. introduces the expert system instruction processing The skilled worker and expert's experience, the processing general rule and the special rule store in the system, take the craft parameter database as the strut, the establishment has the artificial intelligence the expert system. introduces the breakdown to diagnose the expert system intellectualized numeral servo drive May through the automatic diagnosis load, but the automatic control parameter, causes the actuation system to obtain the best movement. Second, engine bed numerical control transformation necessity From on microscopic looked below that, the numerical control engine bed has the prominent superiority compared to the traditional engine bed, moreover these superiority come from the computer might which the numerical control system contains. may process the traditional engine bed cannot process the curve, the curvedsurface and so on the complex components. Because the computer has the excellent operation ability, may the instant accurately calculate each coordinate axis instant to be supposed the movement physiological load of exercise, therefore may turn round the synthesis complex curve or the curved surface. may realize the processing automation, moreover is the flexible automation, thus the efficiency may enhance 3 ~ 7 times compared to the traditional engine bed. Because the computer has the memory and the memory property, may the procedure which inputs remember and save, then the order which stipulated according to the procedure automatic carries out, thus realization automation. The numerical control engine bed so long as replaces a procedure, may realize another work piece processing automation, thus causes the single unit and the small batch of production can automate, therefore is called has realized "flexible automation". From on macroscopic looked that, the industry developed country armed forces, the airplane weapon industry, in the end of the 70's, at the beginning of the 80's started the large-scale application numerical control engine bed. Its essence is, uses the information technology to the traditional industry (includingthe armed forces, airplane weapon industry) carries on the technological transformations. Except that uses outside the numerical control engine bed, FMC, FMS in themanufacture process, but also includes in the product development carries out CAD, CAE, CAM, the hypothesized manufacture aswell as carries out MIS in the production management (management information system), CIMS