導學教程高三英語二輪復習 語法考點一點通（八）特殊句式和主謂一致課件

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1、專題八特殊句式及主謂一致專題八特殊句式及主謂一致一、倒裝句主語和謂語有兩種語序。主語在謂語之前稱為自然語序；反之，若謂語在主語之前，稱為倒裝語序。倒裝的形式有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。種類定義倒裝條件熱身訓練先練后背完全倒裝整個謂語動詞提到主語前面(主語是代詞除外)here，there，then，up，down，in，out，off，away等副詞開頭的句子表示強調Look! There _(come) our teacher.Under the tree _(stand) two tables and four chairs.Present at the meeting _ (be) 1,0

2、00 students.表示地點的介詞短語作狀語位于句首強調表語，置于句首，或為保持句子平衡comes stand/stood were/are 種類定義倒裝條件熱身訓練先練后背部分倒裝助動詞，be動詞和情態(tài)動詞提到主語前面，行為動詞仍在主語的后面never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，not until，not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首Hardly _ I know what had happened.Only then _ he realize the importance of English.Not only _ he know French，but

3、also he is expert at it.Neither _ I know it, nor _ I care about it.only和修飾的狀語放于句首not only.but also連接并列的句子，前倒后不倒neither.nor.連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝did did does do do 種類定義倒裝條件熱身訓練先練后背部分倒裝助動詞，be動詞和情態(tài)動詞提到主語前面，行為動詞仍在主語的后面so.that，such.that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時前倒后不倒So busy _ he that he can not go on a holiday.Child _

4、 he is, he has learned a lot.He can play the piano, _can I._you be in good health!_I you, I would not do it in this way.as引導的讓步狀語so，neither或nor表示前句內容也適用于另外的人或事用于表示祝愿的祈使句中省略if的虛擬條件isassoMayWere二、強調指要突出句子中的某一部分，使其顯得更加重要。倒裝語序其實就是強調的手段之一，除此之外還可以用以下幾種方法來達到強調目的。情況說明熱身訓練先練后背助動詞do用do強調謂語動詞_be careful!Do 情況說

5、明熱身訓練先練后背句型表強調it強調句：(1)It is/was被強調部分that/who句子其他成分。(2)It is/was not until.that句子其他成分。(3)特殊疑問句中的強調：特殊疑問詞is/wasitthat其他成分？(4)在名詞性從句中的強調句式：特殊疑問詞itis/was that其他成分。_was at his office that we called on Mr.Wang this morning.It was not until he told me _ I knew it.What was it _ caused the party to be put o

6、ff?I do not know what _ was that he said at the meeting.What.be.，利用此句型，把被強調的部分后移。這種結構多用來強調主語和賓語。What I need most _ (be) your help.Itthatthatitis三、省略情況說明熱身訓練先練后背動詞不定式的省略保留不定式符號to，省略動詞，以避免重復。Would you like to come to the party? Id like_.兩個(以上)不定式并列，第一個帶to，后面的to省略。Her job is _ (look) after the children

7、 and teach them everyday English.toto look情況說明熱身訓練先練后背狀語從句的省略感官動詞和使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式要省略to。在被動語態(tài)中不能省略。在時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果主句、從句的主語一致，從句中謂詞動詞又包含be或主語是it，?？梢园褟木渲兄髡Z和謂語的一部分省略。His boss had Tom _(do) his work on Sundays.Look out for cars when _ (cross) the street. He wouldnt speak though _ (ask)do crossin

8、g asked 四、There be結構形式用法熱身訓練先練后背There be“某地(或某時)存在有某人(或某物)，而并非某地(某人、某物或某時)擁有什么東西”，其形式為“There be代詞或名詞(短語)地點/時間狀語”。(其實質句式為倒裝句)這里there是引導詞，沒有詞義，be是謂語動詞，代詞或名詞(短語)是主語。be要與主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，如果是并列主語，要遵守鄰近原則。There _ (be) a desk and two chairs in the room.We expect there _ (be) no objections.There _ (be)a railway

9、station in the town is a great advantage.isto bebeing形式用法熱身訓練先練后背there being主語作主語、賓語或狀語。 _ is someone at the door. I think it is the man to deliver the papers. _ is a fact that our income is increasing.there to be主語作主語、賓語或狀語。There is和It is的區(qū)別There is.指客觀存在，It is意為“這/那是”，可用來指代前面出現(xiàn)過的人或物，也可用作形式主語或強調句型。

10、ThereIt五、主謂一致.謂語動詞用單數(shù)應用情景熱身訓練先練后背(1)時間、距離、重量、價值、數(shù)目等復數(shù)名詞作整體看待時Serving students _ (be) my great happiness.Whether well go _ (depend) on the weather.More than one student _ (have) passed the examination.(2)不定式、動名詞、句子作主語時(3)由“s”結尾的學科名詞作主語時(maths/physics/politics)(4)書、報、地名、組織以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時(5)由and連接的并列主語表示同一概念或

11、同一人時isdependshas應用情景熱身訓練先練后背(6)some，any，no，every與thing，one，body等構成不定代詞時Many a boy _ (learn) to swim before he can read.The number of the guests _ (be) much smaller than she had expected.(7)each/every/no/many a名詞單數(shù)andeach/every/no/many a名詞單數(shù)時(8)many a/more than one名詞單數(shù)時(9)each/every/neither/either/th

12、e whole名詞單數(shù)時(10)each/either/neither/oneof名詞復數(shù)時learnswas應用情景熱身訓練先練后背(11)money/information/clothing/equipment/furniture/luggage/baggage等不可數(shù)名詞作主語時Every boy and every girl _ (be) welcome to attend the contest.(12)主語為the number of 形式時(13)物質名詞如glass/iron/paper/wood/water作主語時is.謂語動詞用復數(shù)應用情景熱身訓練先練后背(1)the姓氏復

13、數(shù)表示一家人時Cattle _ (allow) to graze here.The police _ (be) searching for a tall man with a beard.The blind _ (teach) trades in special schools.What I think and what I seek _ (have) been fairly reflected in my paper.(2)以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的表示群島、山脈、瀑布等專有名詞時(3)theadj.表示一類人時(the blind/deaf/poor/living/young/old/wounded

14、/rich/dead)(4)people/police/cattle/clothes/the English/the Americans/the Chinese等名詞作主語時(5)由and，both.and連接的兩部分名詞作主語時(指同一概念除外)were/are allowed are are taught have .謂語動詞與前面名詞保持一致as well as/rather than/along with/together with/with/such as/like/unlike/but/except/besides/in addition to等連接兩部分名詞時My mother,

15、 as well as my father, _(have) a key to the office.The man together with his wife and children _ (sit) there watching TV right now.hasis sitting.謂語動詞與最近的名詞一致(就近一致原則) (1)or/either.or/neither.nor/not only.but also/not.but連接兩部分名詞時Either you or he _ (be) not telling the truth.Not only the switches but a

16、lso the old wiring _ (have) been changed.(2)there be句式/here 開頭的句子ishas.視情況而定的類型應用情景熱身訓練先練后背(1)army/class/crew/family/team/enemy/group/party/government/audience/committee/company/crowd/staff等集合名詞作主語時，指整體用單數(shù)，強調個體用復數(shù)The majority of criminals _(be) nonviolent.There _(be) plenty of eggs in the box.Half o

17、f this building _(be)to be completed by spring.What the students in earthquakestricken areas want _(be) books.(2)分數(shù)、百分數(shù)、half/all/some/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/most of等后接名詞復數(shù)時，謂語用復數(shù)；后接單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時；用單數(shù)謂語動詞areareisare應用情景熱身訓練先練后背(3)what/which/who/such等作主語時，謂語動詞看表語的單復數(shù)來確定All of the research w

18、ork _(be) designed by the chief engineer.None of this meat _ (be) fit to eat.Great quantities of milk _ (need) in this city.A large number of students _ (be) going to take parttime jobs during summer holidays.Twothirds of the people present _ (be) against the plan.(4)kind/sort/type of等位于名詞復數(shù)前時，看of 前

19、的名詞單復數(shù)判斷謂語(5)one of the復數(shù)名詞謂語單數(shù)one of the復數(shù)名詞(后跟定語從句謂語用復數(shù))the only one of the復數(shù)名詞(后跟定語從句謂語用單數(shù))wasisare neededarewere/are應用情景熱身訓練先練后背(6)population謂語的單復數(shù)由其前有無數(shù)詞決定(與數(shù)詞連用時用復數(shù)，無數(shù)詞時用單數(shù))Seventy percent of the earth _ (cover) with water.The population of China _(be) over 13 million and eighty percent of the

20、 population _(be) peasants.I was the only one of the teachers who _ (have) got the chance to study abroad.(7)the number of名詞復數(shù)謂語單數(shù)；a number of名詞復數(shù)謂語復數(shù)(8)a large quantity of不可數(shù)謂語單數(shù)/名詞復數(shù)謂語復數(shù)large quantities of不可數(shù)/名詞復數(shù)謂語復數(shù)a large amount of不可數(shù)謂語單數(shù)large amounts of不可數(shù)謂語復數(shù)is coveredisarehas應用情景熱身訓練先練后背(9)t

21、he majority/minority謂語單數(shù)或復數(shù)a majority/minority of名詞復數(shù)謂語復數(shù)He is one of the men who _ (be) chosen to represent the group.Chopsticks _ (be) very common at the Chinese tables.Every means _ (have) been tried but failed.(10)none of名詞復數(shù)謂語單數(shù)或復數(shù)none of不可數(shù)名詞謂語單數(shù)(11)glasses/shoes/trousers/stockings/socks/gloves/chopsticks/scissors等，成雙成對的名詞作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)，但是有pair修飾時，由pair的單復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定(12)deer/sheep/means/species/fish/works/Chinese/Japanese等，單復數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語看表語形式或看語境arearehas