液壓機械手設計【液壓傳動械手的設計】

液壓機械手設計【液壓傳動械手的設計】,液壓傳動械手的設計,液壓機械手設計【液壓傳動械手的設計】,液壓,機械手,設計,傳動 外文出處：《Manufacturing?Engineering?and?Technology—Machining》 附件1：外文原文? Manipulator Robot?developed?in?recent?decades?as?high-tech?automated?production?equipment.?Industrial?robot?is?an?important?branch?of?industrial?robots.?It?features?can?be?programmed?to?perform?tasks?in?a?variety?of?expectations,?in?both?structure?and?performance?advantages?of?their?own?people?and?machines,?in?particular,?reflects?the?people's?intelligence?and?adaptability.?The?accuracy?of?robot?operations?and?a?variety?of?environments?the?ability?to?complete?the?work?in?the?field?of?national?economy?and?there?are?broad?prospects?for?development.?With?the?development?of?industrial?automation,?there?has?been?CNC?machining?center,?it?is?in?reducing?labor?intensity,?while?greatly?improved?labor?productivity.?However,?the?upper?and?lower?common?in?CNC?machining?processes?material,?usually?still?use?manual?or?traditional?relay-controlled?semi-automatic?device.?The?former?time-consuming?and?labor?intensive,?inefficient;?the?latter?due?to?design?complexity,?require?more?relays,?wiring?complexity,?vulnerability?to?body?vibration?interference,?while?the?existence?of?poor?reliability,?fault?more?maintenance?problems?and?other?issues.?Programmable?Logic?Controller?PLC-controlled?robot?control?system?for?materials?up?and?down?movement?is?simple,?circuit?design?is?reasonable,?with?a?strong?anti-jamming?capability,?ensuring?the?system's?reliability,?reduced?maintenance?rate,?and?improve?work?efficiency.?Robot?technology?related?to?mechanics,?mechanics,?electrical?hydraulic?technology,?automatic?control?technology,?sensor?technology?and?computer?technology?and?other?fields?of?science,?is?a?cross-disciplinary?integrated?technology.? Robot?is?a?kind?of?positioning?control?can?be?automated?and?can?be?re-programmed?to?change?in?multi-functional?machine,?which?has?multiple?degrees?of?freedom?can?be?used?to?carry?an?object?in?order?to?complete?the?work?in?different?environments.?Low?wages?in?China,?plastic?products?industry,?although?still?a?labor-intensive,?mechanical?hand?use?has?become?increasingly?popular.?Electronics?and?automotive?industries?that?Europe?and?the?United?States?multinational?companies?very?early?in?their?factories?in?China,?the?introduction?of?automated?production.?But?now?the?changes?are?those?found?in?industrial-intensive?South?China,?East?China's?coastal?areas,?local?plastic?processing?plants?have?also?emerged?in?mechanical?watches?began?to?become?increasingly?interested?in,?because?they?have?to?face?a?high?turnover?rate?of?workers,?as?well?as?for?the?workers?to?pay?work-related?injuries?fee?challenges.? With?the?rapid?development?of?China's?industrial?production,?especially?the?reform?and?opening?up?after?the?rapid?increase?in?the?degree?of?automation?to?achieve?the?workpiece?handling,?steering,?transmission?or?operation?of?brazing,?spray?gun,?wrenches?and?other?tools?for?processing?and?assembly?operations?since,?which?has?more?and?more?attracted?our?attention.?Robot?is?to?imitate?the?manual?part?of?the?action,?according?to?a?given?program,?track?and?requirements?for?automatic?capture,?handling?or?operation?of?the?automatic?mechanical?devices. In?real?life,?you?will?find?this?a?problem.?In?the?machine?shop,?the?processing?of?parts?loading?time?is?not?annoying,?and?labor?productivity?is?not?high,?the?cost?of?production?major,?and?sometimes?man-made?incidents?will?occur,?resulting?in?processing?were?injured.?Think?about?what?could?replace?it?with?the?processing?time?of?a?tour?as?long?as?there?are?a?few?people,?and?can?operate?24?hours?saturated?human?right??The?answer?is?yes,?but?the?robot?can?come?to?replace?it. Production?of?mechanical?hand?can?increase?the?automation?level?of?production?and?labor?productivity;?can?reduce?labor?intensity,?ensuring?product?quality,?to?achieve?safe?production;?particularly?in?the?high-temperature,?high?pressure,?low?temperature,?low?pressure,?dust,?explosive,?toxic?and?radioactive?gases?such?as?poor?environment?can?replace?the?normal?working?people.?Here?I?would?like?to?think?of?designing?a?robot?to?be?used?in?actual?production.. Why?would?a?robot?designed?to?provide?a?pneumatic?power:?pneumatic?robot?refers?to?the?compressed?air?as?power?source-driven?robot.?With?pressure-driven?and?other?energy-driven?comparison?have?the?following?advantages:?1.?Air?inexhaustible,?used?later?discharged?into?the?atmosphere,?does?not?require?recycling?and?disposal,?do?not?pollute?the?environment.?(Concept?of?environmental?protection)?2.?Air?stick?is?small,?the?pipeline?pressure?loss?is?small?(typically?less?than?asphalt?gas?path?pressure?drop?of?one-thousandth),?to?facilitate?long-distance?transport.?3.?Compressed?air?of?the?working?pressure?is?low?(usually?4?to?8?kg?/?per?square?centimeter),?and?therefore?moving?the?material?components?and?manufacturing?accuracy?requirements?can?be?lowered.?4.?With?the?hydraulic?transmission,?compared?to?its?faster?action?and?reaction,?which?is?one?of?the?advantages?pneumatic?outstanding.?5.?The?air?cleaner?media,?it?will?not?degenerate,?not?easy?to?plug?the?pipeline.?But?there?are?also?places?where?it?fly?in?the?ointment:?1.?As?the?compressibility?of?air,?resulting?in?poor?aerodynamic?stability?of?the?work,?resulting?in?the?implementing?agencies?as?the?precision?of?the?velocity?and?not?easily?controlled.?2.?As?the?use?of?low?atmospheric?pressure,?the?output?power?can?not?be?too?large;?in?order?to?increase?the?output?power?is?bound?to?the?structure?of?the?entire?pneumatic?system?size?increased. With?pneumatic?drive?and?compare?with?other?energy?sources?drive?has?the?following?advantages: Air?inexhaustible,?used?later?discharged?into?the?atmosphere,?without?recycling?and?disposal,?do?not?pollute?the?environment.?Accidental?or?a?small?amount?of?leakage?would?not?be?a?serious?impact?on?production.?Viscosity?of?air?is?small,?the?pipeline?pressure?loss?also?is?very?small,?easy?long-distance?transport. The?lower?working?pressure?of?compressed?air,?pneumatic?components?and?therefore?the?material?and?manufacturing?accuracy?requirements?can?be?lowered.?In?general,?reciprocating?thrust?in?1?to?2?tons?pneumatic?economy?is?better. Compared?with?the?hydraulic?transmission,?and?its?faster?action?and?reaction,?which?is?one?of?the?outstanding?merits?of?pneumatic.? Clean?air?medium,?it?will?not?degenerate,?not?easy?to?plug?the?pipeline.?It?can?be?safely?used?in?flammable,?explosive?and?the?dust?big?occasions.?Also?easy?to?realize?automatic?overload?protection. Therefore,?the?study?of?mechanical?hand?design?is?very?meaningful.. 外文出處：《制造工程及其技術(shù)---機加工部分》 附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文? 機械手? 機械手是近幾十年發(fā)展起來的一種高科技自動化生產(chǎn)設備。工業(yè)機械手是工業(yè)機器人的一個重要分支。它的特點是可通過編程來完成各種預期的作業(yè)任務，在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機器各自的優(yōu)點，尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應性。機械手作業(yè)的準確性和各種環(huán)境中完成作業(yè)的能力，在國民經(jīng)濟各領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。隨著工業(yè)自動化的發(fā)展,?出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工中心,它在減輕工人的勞動強度的同時,?大大提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率。但數(shù)控加工中常見的上下料工序,?通常仍采用人工操作或傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的半自動化裝置。前者費時費工、效率低;?后者因設計復雜,?需較多繼電器,接線繁雜,?易受車體振動干擾,而存在可靠性差、故障多、維修困難等問題?？删幊绦蚩刂破鱌LC控制的上下料機械手控制系統(tǒng)動作簡便、線路設計合理、具有較強的抗干擾能力,?保證了系統(tǒng)運行的可靠性,降低了維修率,?提高了工作效率。機械手技術(shù)涉及到力學、機械學、電氣液壓技術(shù)、自動控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)等科學領(lǐng)域，是一門跨學科綜合技術(shù)。?? 機械手是一種能自動化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動的多功能機器，它有多個自由度，可用來搬運物體以完成在各個不同環(huán)境中工作。在工資水平較低的中國，塑料制品行業(yè)盡管仍屬于勞動力密集型，機械手的使用已經(jīng)越來越普及。那些電子和汽車業(yè)的歐美跨國公司很早就在它們設在中國的工廠中引進了自動化生產(chǎn)。但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些分布在工業(yè)密集的華南、華東沿海地區(qū)的中國本土塑料加工廠也開始對機械手表現(xiàn)出越來越濃厚的興趣，因為他們要面對工人流失率高，以及為工人交工傷費帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。? 隨著我國工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的飛躍發(fā)展，特別是改革開發(fā)以后，自動化程度的迅速提高，實現(xiàn)工件的裝卸、轉(zhuǎn)向、輸送或操作釬焊、噴槍、扳手等工具進行加工、裝配等作業(yè)自化，已愈來愈引起我們重視。? 機械手是模仿著人手的部分動作，按給定的程序、軌跡和要求實現(xiàn)自動抓取、搬運或操作的自動機械裝置。? 在現(xiàn)實生活中，你是否會發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個問題。在機械工廠里，加工零件裝料的時候是不是很煩的，勞動生產(chǎn)率不高，生產(chǎn)成本大，有時候還會發(fā)生一些人為事故，導致加工者受傷。想想看用什么可以來代替呢，加工的時候只要有幾個人巡視一下，且可以二十四個小時飽和運作，人行嗎？回答是肯定的，但是機械手可以來代替它。? 生產(chǎn)中應用機械手可以提高生產(chǎn)的自動化水平和勞動生產(chǎn)率;可以減輕勞動強度、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、實現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)；尤其是在高溫、高壓、低溫、低壓、粉塵、易爆、有毒氣體和放射性等惡劣的環(huán)境中能夠代替人進行正常的工作。想到這里我就很想設計一個機械手，來用于生產(chǎn)實際中。? 為什么選著設計機械手用氣動來提供動力：氣動機械手是指以壓縮空氣為動力源驅(qū)動的機械手。用氣壓驅(qū)動與其他能源驅(qū)動比較有以下優(yōu)點：1.空氣取之不竭，用過之后排入大氣，不需要回收和處理，不污染環(huán)境。（環(huán)保的概念）2.空氣的沾性很小，管路中壓力損失也很?。ㄒ话銡饴纷枇p失不到油路的千分之一），便于遠距離輸送。3.壓縮空氣的工作壓力較低(一般為4～8公斤/每平方厘米)，因此對動元件的材質(zhì)和制造精度要求可以降低。4.與液壓傳動相比，它的動作和反應都快，這是氣動突出的優(yōu)點之一。5.空氣介質(zhì)清潔，亦不會變質(zhì)，管路不易堵塞。但是也有它美中不足的地方：1.由于空氣的可壓縮性，致使氣動工作的穩(wěn)定性差，因而造成執(zhí)行機構(gòu)運動速度和定為精度不易控制。2.由于使用氣壓較低，輸出力不可能太大，為了增加輸出力，必然使整個氣動系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸加大。? 用氣壓驅(qū)動與用其他能源驅(qū)動比較有以下優(yōu)點：? 空氣取之不竭，用過之后排入大氣，不需回收和處理，不污染環(huán)境。偶然的或少量的泄漏不致對生產(chǎn)發(fā)生嚴重的影響。? 空氣的粘性很小，管路中壓力損失也就很小，便于遠距離輸送。? 壓縮空氣的工作壓力較低，因此對氣動元件的材質(zhì)和制造精度要求可以降低。一般說來，往復運動推力在1~2噸以下采用氣動經(jīng)濟性較好。? 與液壓傳動相比，它的動作和反應都快，這是氣動的突出優(yōu)點之一。?空氣介質(zhì)清潔，亦不會變質(zhì)，管路不易堵塞。? 它可安全地應用在易燃、易爆和粉塵大的場合。又便于實現(xiàn)過載自動保護.。 因此，機械手的研究設計是十分有必要的。