微型軸承外環(huán)外圓直徑自動(dòng)檢測(cè)裝置設(shè)計(jì)
微型軸承外環(huán)外圓直徑自動(dòng)檢測(cè)裝置設(shè)計(jì),微型軸承外環(huán)外圓直徑自動(dòng)檢測(cè)裝置設(shè)計(jì),微型,軸承,外環(huán)外圓,直徑,自動(dòng)檢測(cè),裝置,設(shè)計(jì)
黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
附 錄A 外文文獻(xiàn)
Brake testing equipment functions and operations
ABSTRACT
Flat-plate brake testing units, is by far the best most most popular brake testing equipment. Bench work surface for the correction system a real sense of the platform. It can provide accurate positioning for the car. Clamping system, drawing system, measuring system, repair of vehicles and platforms are composed of an organic whole. And can be attached devices such as the second lift. This form of correction system with its comprehensive features are becoming standard calibration system.
Currently, flat on the market is rich brake testing equipment, imported products such as Karl Rahner have Car-O-Iiner, CAR-BENCH to force too, and Shibinnisi brands, general science and technology was relatively advanced, but easy to use price higher than domestic equipment, special maintenance station and the general strength of the manufacturers will choose this high-end equipment. And like the Pentium, excellence, Legacy, and domestic equipment such as special kind of after-sales service, reliable, relatively low price, is the product of choice and medium-sized testing station.
INTRODUCTION
A) We have to understand automotive braking system of detection of structural feature.
Car brake testing system is used in experimental research and development of new cars, new car delivery inspection and road traffic management department of the regular inspection of the vehicle braking system performance evaluation parameters for quantitative detection and diagnosis of test equipment.
B) The brake testing units on the market for a variety of styles, the more prominent are two types: roller peace panel.
Whatever the style must have the following in common:
1. With high-intensity fixtures;
2. With more sensors;
3. Capable of more, a full range of inspection work;
4. Capable of accurate measurement and accurate detection of braking performance is good or bad.
Flat-plate brake test bench equipment to solve the shortcomings of drum. Flat out not only to test the car's maximum braking force at each wheel, blocking force and axle load, but also provide the braking force, axle load in the testing process over time curve. Drum-type detection units to overcome the inherent deficiencies. The inspection system speed, high precision, the results intuitive, and easy to install and move, low energy consumption (due to no need to install the motor, power roller is only 1 / 100), small footprint, simple operation and maintenance and so on.
C) regardless of the equipment, its operation can be divided into the following four steps:
1. On the train: for inspection of vehicles driving on the test stand by hand.
2. Axle load measurement: measuring axle load is a subsidiary of braking performance test equipment items, as long as the stage set of four axle braking sensors to measure the axle load of vehicles tested, while the axle is the braking force further analysis based on the credibility of test results, it is essential.
3. Step on the brake pedal: all four wheels until the vehicle brake on the board, depresses the brake pedal, the braking force measurement.
4. Braking force measurement. Measurement of braking performance braking force is the most important testing equipment testing, mainly through the braking force sensor to measure, braking force sensors are generally installed on the test board below.
Through the above four steps, the vehicle braking performance test has basically completed the work.
In short, the advent of brake testing equipment, reduce labor intensity of the test staff, improve efficiency, making the car testing industry embarked on the standardization and modernization of the road.
D) The brake testing solution for classification and their characteristics
Automobile Brake Tester is a performance car's brake testing equipment, testing the main parameters include: the braking force, braking force balance, wheel blocking force, braking coordination time. According to the test works differently, brake inspection station can be divided into anti-and inertial forces; supported by the examination sets the wheels in different forms, automobile brake drum inspection station can be divided into the peace panel; by testing different parameters, brake inspection Taiwan can be divided into the braking force measurement type, the measured braking distance and overall parameters of three kinds; the number of axles detected by the examination table can be divided into single-axis type, two-axis and multi-axis categories. At present, widely used in automobile brake drum-type reaction plate brake test station test platform of peace.
1. Road test: the flat by the driver to accelerate to a certain speed on the road when the emergency brake pedal, by observing the imprint on the road and braking distance and the experience of their own experience to determine whether the normal vehicle braking performance.
2. Roller brake tester: the measured vehicle wheel sticky sand to release the two pairs of rollers, the drag roller by the motor, when the drum line speed up to 2 km / h - 5 km / h when the brake pedal, through the installed in the drum side of the force torque sensor size. This detection method requires a vehicle detection were measured before and after the axis of the brake, does not reflect the dynamic brake front and rear axles when the load changes, can not measure the braking vehicle braking coordination of time, can not fully reflect the braking energy, and the braking effect of other factors, such as leaf spring suspension or the rigidity of the braking performance. This detection method is a static test.
3. Flat-plate brake tester: road conditions simulated by the four steel plate sticky sand arranged in a certain way to ensure that a vehicle driving wheels when braking plate at 4, car to 5 km / h for a 10 km / h speed onto plate brake tester. When the emergency brake pedal, through the plate under the dozens of sensors and computer control systems to measure vehicle braking performance of the braking, suspension performance, leaf spring stiffness (carts) and other indicators, and can measure test speed value.
CONCLUSIONS
Automotive technology, automotive testing technology to promote the development of the automobile industry, a higher test requirements. Brake testing is far from easy work of braking distance measurements, more than the traditional testing equipment can achieve. It requires a scientific measurement of vehicle braking and find the problem. To achieve this function, is inseparable from the body correction system.
Accessibility is also an increase in the development of brake testing equipment is a major trend. The design of more clever, more sophisticated technology, increased use of test panels sliding more and more. Equipment more and more complete.
In short, the development of brake testing equipment is moving in automation, digital and multi-functional direction.
附 錄B外文文獻(xiàn)的中文譯文
制動(dòng)檢測(cè)設(shè)備的功能與操作
一、摘要：
平板式制動(dòng)檢測(cè)臺(tái)，是迄今為止最為優(yōu)秀的也是最流行的制動(dòng)檢測(cè)設(shè)備。臺(tái)架式校正系統(tǒng)的工作臺(tái)面為一個(gè)真正意義上的平臺(tái)．它可以為汽車(chē)提供精確的定位。夾緊系統(tǒng)、拉伸系統(tǒng)、測(cè)量系統(tǒng)、被修車(chē)輛與平臺(tái)組成一個(gè)有機(jī)整體．并可附掛二次舉升等裝置。這種形式的校正系統(tǒng)以其完備的功能正成為校正系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置。
目前，市場(chǎng)上的平板式制動(dòng)檢測(cè)設(shè)備比較豐富，進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品像卡爾拉得Car-O-Iiner, CAR-BENCH使力得和史賓尼斯等品牌，一般科技含量相對(duì)先進(jìn)、使用方便但是價(jià)格也比國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備要高，一般特約維修站和實(shí)力雄厚的廠家會(huì)選擇這種高端設(shè)備。而像奔騰、卓越、力獅和特樣等國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備售后服務(wù)可靠、相對(duì)價(jià)格偏低，是大中型檢測(cè)站的首選產(chǎn)品。
二、介紹
一） 我們要了解汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)及其構(gòu)造特征。
汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)就是應(yīng)用于新車(chē)研究開(kāi)發(fā)的實(shí)驗(yàn)、新車(chē)的出廠檢驗(yàn)和交通管理部門(mén)對(duì)上路車(chē)輛定期檢驗(yàn)的對(duì)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的性能評(píng)價(jià)參數(shù)進(jìn)行定量檢測(cè)診斷的試驗(yàn)裝置。
二） 市場(chǎng)上的制動(dòng)檢測(cè)臺(tái)為各種款式， 較為突出的分為兩種：滾筒式和平板式。
無(wú)論何種款式都必須具備以下共同點(diǎn)：
1. 具有高強(qiáng)度的固定裝置；
2. 具有較多的傳感器；
3. 能進(jìn)行多點(diǎn)、全方位的檢測(cè)工作；
4. 能夠進(jìn)行精確的測(cè)量，準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)出制動(dòng)性能的好壞。
平板式制動(dòng)檢測(cè)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)就解決了滾筒式設(shè)備的缺點(diǎn)。平板式不僅能測(cè)試出汽車(chē)每個(gè)車(chē)輪的最大制動(dòng)力、阻滯力及軸重，還能提供制動(dòng)力、軸重在檢測(cè)過(guò)程中隨時(shí)間變化的曲線。克服了滾筒式檢測(cè)臺(tái)本身固有的不足。該檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)測(cè)試速度快、精度高、結(jié)果直觀，并有安裝和移動(dòng)方便、耗能少(因不需安裝電機(jī)，耗電僅為滾筒式的1/100)、占地面積小、操作維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)單等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
三) 不論何種設(shè)備，其操作大體分為以下四步：
1. 上車(chē)：待檢車(chē)輛通過(guò)專人駕駛上試驗(yàn)臺(tái)。
2. 軸重測(cè)量：測(cè)量軸重是制動(dòng)性能檢測(cè)設(shè)備的附屬項(xiàng)目，只要在制動(dòng)臺(tái)上設(shè)置四個(gè)軸重傳感器即可測(cè)量待測(cè)車(chē)輛的軸重，而軸重又是進(jìn)一步分析制動(dòng)力檢測(cè)結(jié)果是否可信的依據(jù)，因此必不可少。
3. 踩制動(dòng)踏板：待到車(chē)輛四個(gè)車(chē)輪都在制動(dòng)板上時(shí)，踩下制動(dòng)踏板,測(cè)量制動(dòng)力。
4. 制動(dòng)力測(cè)量。測(cè)量制動(dòng)力是車(chē)輛制動(dòng)性能檢測(cè)設(shè)備檢測(cè)的重中之重，主要通過(guò)制動(dòng)力傳感器來(lái)測(cè)量，制動(dòng)力傳感器一般安裝在測(cè)試板下面。
通過(guò)以上四步驟，車(chē)輛制動(dòng)性能檢測(cè)工作基本完成了。
總之，制動(dòng)檢測(cè)設(shè)備的問(wèn)世，減輕了測(cè)試人員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高了工作效率，使汽車(chē)檢測(cè)業(yè)走上了規(guī)范化、現(xiàn)代化的道路。
四)制動(dòng)檢測(cè)方案的分類與各自特點(diǎn)
汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)是對(duì)汽車(chē)的制動(dòng)性能進(jìn)行檢測(cè)的設(shè)備，檢測(cè)的主要參數(shù)包括：制動(dòng)力、制動(dòng)力平衡、車(chē)輪阻滯力、制動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)時(shí)間。根據(jù)測(cè)試原理不同，汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)可分為反力式和慣性式；按檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)支撐車(chē)輪形式不同，汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)可分為滾筒式和平板式；按檢測(cè)參數(shù)不同，汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)可分為測(cè)制動(dòng)力式、測(cè)制動(dòng)距離和綜合參數(shù)三種；按檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)檢測(cè)車(chē)軸數(shù)，可分為單軸式、雙軸式和多軸式三類。目前國(guó)內(nèi)廣泛采用滾筒反力式汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)和平板式汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢驗(yàn)臺(tái)。
1. 道路試驗(yàn)：由駕駛?cè)嗽谄教孤访嫔霞铀俚揭欢ㄜ?chē)速時(shí)急踩制動(dòng)踏板，通過(guò)觀察路面上的壓印和制動(dòng)距離及自身的經(jīng)驗(yàn)感受來(lái)確定汽車(chē)制動(dòng)性能是否正常。
2. 滾筒式制動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)：將被測(cè)車(chē)輛車(chē)輪放人兩對(duì)粘砂滾筒間，由電動(dòng)機(jī)拖動(dòng)滾筒，當(dāng)滾筒線速達(dá)2 km/h - 5 km/h時(shí)踩制動(dòng)踏板，通過(guò)安裝在滾筒側(cè)面的扭力傳感器測(cè)量動(dòng)力大小。這種檢測(cè)方法，對(duì)一輛整車(chē)檢測(cè)需要前后軸制動(dòng)分別測(cè)量，不能反映汽車(chē)制動(dòng)時(shí)前后軸動(dòng)態(tài)載荷的變化，不能測(cè)量整車(chē)制動(dòng)時(shí)的制動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)時(shí)間，不能全面地反映出制動(dòng)能，以及影響制動(dòng)的其他因素，如懸架或鋼板彈簧的剛度問(wèn)題對(duì)制動(dòng)性能的影響。這種檢測(cè)方法是一種靜態(tài)檢驗(yàn)。
3. 平板式制動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)：由4塊模擬路面情況的粘砂鋼質(zhì)平板按一定方式排列，確保一輛汽車(chē)行駛車(chē)輪在制動(dòng)時(shí)分別在4塊平板上，汽車(chē)以5 km/h一10 km/h的車(chē)速駛上平板制動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)。當(dāng)急踩制動(dòng)踏板時(shí)，通過(guò)平板下的幾十只傳感器及計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)測(cè)量汽車(chē)制動(dòng)時(shí)的各項(xiàng)制動(dòng)性能、懸架性能、鋼板彈簧剛度(大車(chē))等指標(biāo)，并能測(cè)出測(cè)試速度值。
三、結(jié)論
汽車(chē)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了汽車(chē)檢測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，對(duì)汽車(chē)檢測(cè)行業(yè)提出了更高的要求。制動(dòng)檢測(cè)遠(yuǎn)不是簡(jiǎn)單的測(cè)制動(dòng)距離的工作，更不是傳統(tǒng)的檢測(cè)設(shè)備所能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。它要求對(duì)汽車(chē)制動(dòng)性科學(xué)地測(cè)量和發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題所在。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一功能，是離不開(kāi)車(chē)身校正系統(tǒng)的。
輔助功能的增多也是汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢測(cè)設(shè)備發(fā)展的一大趨勢(shì)。各設(shè)計(jì)更加巧妙，工藝更加精致，使用增加側(cè)滑試驗(yàn)板的越來(lái)越多。配套設(shè)備也越來(lái)越齊全。
總之，汽車(chē)制動(dòng)檢測(cè)設(shè)備的發(fā)展正朝著自動(dòng)化、數(shù)字化與多功能化方向發(fā)展。
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