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南京林業(yè)大學2007屆畢業(yè)設計論文
設計總說明書
目前，組合機床的需求量很大，國家鼓勵其出口。而國內汽車工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展也勢必導致各類零部件加工量的增大。因此，組合機床可多刀、多軸、多面、多工位加工的優(yōu)點就顯得尤為突出。本設計就是在攻絲組合機床的設計基礎上（比如攻絲加工設計、組合機床總體設計、夾具設計等），將PLC控制技術應用到其中，通過事先編制好的程序來實現(xiàn)攻絲加工要求，以便快速、簡便地獲得所要加工的零件。這種設計方案的優(yōu)點在于所有被加工孔可一次加工完成，可大批大量生產(chǎn)，且生產(chǎn)時可實現(xiàn)無人加工或少部分人看管，也可進一步提高組合機床的自動化程度。
關鍵詞：組合機床、攻絲、PLC控制技術、自動化
Abstract
At present, the demand for the aggregate machine-tool is very big, the country encourages its exportation. But the rapid development of the domestic auto industry certainly will cause all kinds of spare parts to process the increase of quantity. Therefore, the aggregate machine-tool may the multi-knives, multiple spindle, the multi-surface, the multi-locations processing merit appear for is still prominent. This design is in attacks the silk aggregate machine-tool in the design foundation (for instance to attack silk processing design, aggregate machine-tool system design, jig design and so on), applies the PLC control technology to among, through the procedure which beforehand establishes realizes attacks the silk processing request, by fast, simple the components which obtains must process. This kind of design proposal merit lies in possesses is processed the hole to be possible a processing to complete, when large quantities of mass productions, also production may realize nobody processing or little the partial people safeguard, also may further enhance the aggregate machine-tool the automation.
Key words: The aggregate machine-tool, attacks the silk,
the PLC control technology, the automation
目 錄
1．前言 ................................................................... 1
1.1．課題名稱及具體要求 ................................................. 1
1.1.1．課題名稱 ....................................................... 1
1.1.2．題目內容及要求 ................................................. 1
1.1.3．實驗、數(shù)據(jù)及圖紙要求 ........................................... 1
1.2．研究目的及意義 ..................................................... 1
1.3．國內外同類研究概況 ................................................. 1
2．組合機床概述 ........................................................... 3
2.1．組合機床及其特點 ................................................... 3
2.2．攻絲組合機床的結構方案 ............................................. 4
2.3．組合機床發(fā)展趨勢 ................................................... 5
3．組合機床總體設計 ....................................................... 6
3.1．組合機床方案確定 ................................................... 6
3.1.1．被加工零件特點 ................................................. 6
3.1.2．機床布局確定 ................................................... 6
3.1.3．工件定位基準的確定 ............................................. 6
3.1.4．夾壓表面及夾緊方式 ............................................. 6
3.2．確定切削用量 ....................................................... 7
3.2.1．選擇切削用量 ................................................... 7
3.2.2．確定F.P.T ...................................................... 7
3.3．組合機床總體設計——三圖一卡 ....................................... 8
3.3.1．被加工零件工序圖 ............................................... 9
3.3.2．加工示意圖 ..................................................... 9
3.3.3．機床聯(lián)系尺寸圖 .................................................14
3.3.4．機床生產(chǎn)率計算卡 ...............................................18
4．組合機床夾具設計 .......................................................21
4.1．機床夾具的用途及使用優(yōu)點 ...........................................21
4.2．定位支承系統(tǒng)設計 ...................................................21
4.2.1．定位六法及定位面 ...............................................21
4.2.2．定位支承元件及布置 .............................................21
4.2.3．夾緊機構設計 ...................................................21
4.3．組合機床夾具設計 ...................................................22
4.3.1．夾具體設計 .....................................................22
4.3.2．角鐵的選擇 .....................................................23
4.4．夾具總裝配圖技術要求制定 ...........................................23
4.4.1．精度等級 .......................................................23
4.4.2．定位精度要求 ...................................................23
4.4.3．總裝配圖繪制要求 ...............................................23
5．多軸箱的設計 ........................................................... 24
5.1 繪制多軸箱設計原始依據(jù)圖 ........................................... 24
5.2 主軸結構型式的選擇 .................................................. 24
5.3 傳動系統(tǒng)的設計與計算 ................................................ 25
6．PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設計 ......................................................27
6.1．可編程控制器概述 ................................................... 27
6.1.1．可編程控制器的定義和特點 .......................................27
6.1.2．基本結構 .......................................................27
6.1.3．PLC的工作方式 ..................................................28
6.1.4．PLC的發(fā)展 ......................................................28
6.2．動作循環(huán)圖 .........................................................29
6.3．端子分配圖 .........................................................29
6.3.1．PLC的選型 ......................................................29
6.3.2．端子分配圖 .....................................................30
6.4．梯形圖設計 .........................................................31
6.4.1．梯形圖設計規(guī)則 .................................................31
6.4.2．梯形圖設計 .....................................................31
6.5．程序設計 ...........................................................33
6.5.1．PLC的指令系統(tǒng) ..................................................33
6.5.2．指令表 .........................................................33
7．組合機床電氣控制電路設計 ...............................................34
7.1．機床電氣設計的基本原則 .............................................34
7.1.1．機床電氣設計的基本要求 .........................................34
7.1.2．機床電氣設計的內容及設計步驟 ...................................34
7.1.3．電氣設計的技術條件 .............................................34
7.2．機床傳動的總體方案 .................................................35
7.3．主電路設計 .........................................................35
7.4．控制電路設計 .......................................................35
7.5．控制電源的確定及總體電路的審核完善 .................................35
7.6．電器元件的選擇 .....................................................36
7.6.1．電器元件的可靠性 ...............................................36
7.6.2．電器元件選擇的基本原則 .........................................36
7.7．電氣位置圖的繪制 ................................................... 37
7.7.1．電器布置原則 ...................................................37
7.7.2．常用配線方式 ...................................................38
7.7.3．電氣元件位置圖的繪制 ...........................................38
畢業(yè)設計總結 ............................................................. 40
致謝 ..................................................................... 41
參考資料 ................................................................. 42
附錄一：PLC控制指令表 .....................................................43