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中 文 摘 要 I 摘 要 本課題所設計的數控火焰切割機是一種小型切割設備，它可以很方便的對 金屬材料進行直線或曲線切割，可廣泛應用于機械、建筑、化工、航天等行業(yè)。 首先，本文通過對火焰切割技術及數控火焰切割機的國內外研究現狀的分 析，對火焰切割機的總體結構進行了設計，整體采用龍門式結構，縱向、橫向 和垂直三個方向進給運動均選用步進電動機帶動滾珠絲杠傳動的開環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。 由于火焰切割機切割工件時無切削力，所以縱向進給運動采用電機直接驅動工 作臺運動來完成。其次，利用三維設計軟件 Solid Works 完成了火焰切割機各 零件的三維實體造型，并根據各零部件之間的定位關系，完成了總體裝配，驗 證了設計的合理性。最后，為了加工制造的方便還繪制了切割機的所有零部件 和裝配體的工程圖。 關鍵詞：數控火焰切割機，龍門式，結構設計，Solid Works Abstract II Abstract The CNC flame cutter designed in this topic is small cutting equipment. It can easily cut metal materials with linear or curvilinear drawings and can be widely used in machining, architecture, chemical industry, spaceflight and other industry. Firstly, through the analysis of research actuality about the flame cutting technology and the CNC flame cutting machine at home and abroad the whole structure of the flame cutter is designed in this article. The whole structure uses the gantry structure, the open-loop control systems, using stepping motor to drive ball screws, were chosen at longitudinal, horizontal and vertical directions. Since there is no cutting power when the flame cutter cuts work-piece, therefore, the vertical movement is provided by the movement of worktable driven directly by stepping motor. Secondly, the three-dimensional entity modeling of all the flame cutter parts is finished by using the three-dimensional design software Solid Works and the assembly of the whole is accomplished through the orientation of every parts to validate the rationality of the design. In the end, all the drawings of parts and assembly are protracted in order to facilitate the manufacture. Keywords：Numerical control flame cutter, gantry type, Structural design, Solid Works 致謝 3 目錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................II 目錄 .............................................................................................................................III 第一章 引言 .............................................................................................................1 11 切割技術的種類及發(fā)展 ...................................................................................1 12 數控火焰切割簡介 ...........................................................................................1 121 火焰切割及數控火焰切割技術 ............................................................1 122 國內外數控火焰切割技術的發(fā)展 ........................................................2 123 數控火焰切割機的市場及發(fā)展 ............................................................3 第二章 機床總體設計及軟件平臺選擇 ...................................................................5 21 總體方案的確定 ...............................................................................................5 22 控制及傳動系統(tǒng)選用 .......................................................................................5 23 割矩設計 ...........................................................................................................6 24 SOLID WORKS 軟件平臺簡介 ...........................................................................7 25 SOLID WORKS 的主要特點 ...............................................................................8 第三章 數控火焰切割機伺服系統(tǒng)設計 .................................................................13 31 數控系統(tǒng)控制方式及組成原理 ....................................................................13 32 步進電機原理及特點 ....................................................................................13 33 步進電機的選擇 ............................................................................................14 331 橫向步進電機的選擇 ..........................................................................14 332 縱向步進電機的選擇 ..........................................................................15 333 垂直方向步進電機的選擇 ..................................................................16 第四章 火焰切割機傳動裝置設計 ...........................................................................18 41 螺旋傳動 .........................................................................................................18 411 滾珠絲杠副的工作原理及特點 ..........................................................18 412 滾珠絲杠副的設計 ..............................................................................20 42 導軌 ................................................................................................................32 421 縱向導軌設計 ......................................................................................32 422 橫向導軌設計 ......................................................................................32 第五章 結論 ...............................................................................................................35 參考文獻 .....................................................................................................................36 致謝 .............................................................................................................................37