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1、全新版大學(xué)英語第二冊UNIT6,Unit 6 Animal Intelligence,Part I Pre-reading Task Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions: 1. What do you know about Michael Jackson? 2. How does he feel about Ben? Why? 3. Do you think the song Ben reveals something about the relations
2、hip between man and animals? If so, what is it? 4. Is the song related to the theme of the unit animal intelligence? How?,Part II Text A Food, warmth, sleep? Their thoughts may be much deeper than that. WHAT ANIMALS REALLY THINK Euqene Linden Over the years, I have written extensively about animal-i
3、ntelligence experiments and the controversy that surrounds them. Do animals really have thoughts, what we call consciousness? Wondering whether there might be better ways to explore animal intelligence than experiments designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can
4、think, they will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to. And so I started talking to vets, animal researchers, zoo keepers. Most do not study animal intelligence, but they encounter it, and the lack of it, every day. The stories they tell u
5、s reveal what Im convinced is a new window on animal intelligence: the kind of mental feats animals perform when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet humans.,Lets Make a Deal Consider the time Charlene Jendry, a conservationist at the Columbus Zoo, learned that a female gori
6、lla named Colo was handling a suspicious object. Arriving on the scene, Jendry offered Colo some peanuts, only to be met with a blank stare. Realizing they were negotiating, Jendry raised the stakes and offered a piece of pineapple. At this point, while maintaining eye contact, Colo opened her hand
7、and revealed a key chain. Relieved it was not anything dangerous or valuable, Jendry gave Colo the pineapple. Careful bargainer that she was, Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figuring. Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece? If an ani
8、mal can show skill in trading one thing for another, why not in handling money? One orangutan named Chantek did just that in a sign-language study undertaken by anthropologist Lyn Miles at the University of Tennessee. Chantek figured out that if he did tasks like cleaning his room, hed earn coins to
9、 spend on treats and rides in Miless car. But the orangutans understanding of money seemed to extend far beyond simple dealings. Miles first used plastic chips as coins, but Chantek decided he could expand the money supply by breaking chips in two. When Miles switched to metal chips, Chantek found p
10、ieces of tin foil and tried to make copies. Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing. Indeed, when I caught up with the orangutan at Zoo Atlanta, where he now lives, I saw an example of sharing that anyone might envy. When Miles gave Chantek some grapes and a
11、sked him to share them, Chantek promptly ate all the fruit. Then, as if hed just remembered hed been asked to share, he handed Miles the stem,Tale of a Whale Why would an animal want to cooperate with a human? Behaviorists would say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to d
12、o so. This is true, but I dont think it goes far enough. Gail Laule, a consultant on animal behavior, speaks of Orky, a killer whale, she knew. Of all the animals Ive worked with, he was the most intelligent, she says. He would assess a situation and then do something based on the judgments he made.
13、 Like the time he helped save a family member. When Orkys mate, Corky, gave birth, the baby did not thrive at first, and keepers took the little whale out of the tank by stretcher for emergency care. Things began to go wrong when they returned the baby whale to the tank. As the workers halted the st
14、retcher a few meters above the water, the baby suddenly began throwing up through its mouth. The keepers feared it would choke, but they could not reach the baby to help it. Apparently sizing up the problem, Orky swam under the stretcher and allowed one of the men to stand on his head, something hed
15、 never been trained to do. Then, using his tail to keep steady, Orky let the keeper reach up and release the 420-pound baby so that it could slide into the water within reach of help.,Primate Shell Game Sometimes evidence of intelligence can be seen in attempts to deceive. Zoo keeper Helen Shewman o
16、f Seattles Woodland Park Zoo recalls that one day she dropped an orange through a feeding hole for Melati, an orangutan. Instead of moving away to get it, Melati looked Shewman in the eye and held out her hand. Thinking the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible, Shewman gave her another
17、 one. But when Melati moved off, Shewman noticed the original orange was hidden in her other hand. Towan, the colonys dominant male, watched this whole trick, and the next day he, too, looked Shewman in the eye and pretended that he had not yet received an orange. Are you sure you dont have one? She
18、wman asked. He continued to hold her gaze steadily and held out his hand. Giving in, she gave him another one, then saw that he had been hiding his orange underneath his foot. What is intelligence anyway? If life is about survival of a species and intelligence is meant to serve that survival then we
19、 cant compare with pea-brained sea turtles, which were here long before us and survived the disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs. Still, it is comforting to realize that other species besides our own can stand back and assess the world around them, even if their horizons are more limited than ours.
20、 (928 words),New Words and Expressions extensively ad. to a large extent, or in a large amount 廣泛地；大量地 intelligence n. 智力 intelligent a. 聰明的，有才智的 controversy n. 爭論，爭議 surround vt. be or go all around (sth. or sb.) 圍繞；包圍 consciousness n. 意識 explore vt. examine thoroughly, learn about 探究，探索,obvious a.
21、 easy to see and understand; clear 明顯的 vet n. 獸醫(yī) encounter vt. meet, esp. unexpectedly 遇到，遭遇 reveal vt. make (sth.) known 展示；揭露 convince vt. make (sb.) feel sure by the use of argument or evidence 使確信，使信服 feat n. 技藝；業(yè)績，功績 captivity n. 被俘；監(jiān)禁；束縛,dominant a. ruling; most important or strongest 統(tǒng)治的；占優(yōu)勢的
22、 species n. （單復(fù)同）物種 make a deal reach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 達成交易 conservationist n. 自然資源保護論者 female a. 雌的；女（性）的 n. 雌性的動物或植物；女人 gorilla n. 大猩猩 suspicious a. causing or showing a feeling that sth. is wrong 可疑的；猜疑的,peanut n. 花生 blank a. without expression; without wr
23、iting, or other marks 沒有表情的；空白 negotiate vi. discuss in order to come to an agreement 談判，協(xié)商 stake n. (usu.pl) 獎品；獎金；賭注 pineapple n. 鳳梨，菠蘿 maintain vt. continue to do or have (sth.) 保持；繼續(xù) relieve vt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc.; ease (pain, anxiety, etc.) 使減輕痛苦或焦慮等；減輕（痛苦或焦慮等）,link n. 鏈環(huán)；環(huán)節(jié)；聯(lián)系
24、 v. join or connect 聯(lián)系，連接 orangutan n. 猩猩 undertake vt. (undertook, undertaken) carry out; take upon oneself (a task, etc.) 從事；承擔(dān)（任務(wù)等） anthropologist n. 人類學(xué)者 figure out understand; reason out 理解；推斷出 extend v. (cause to) stretch or reach; make larger or longer 延伸，伸展；擴大；加長 dealing n. (usu.pl) business
25、 relations 交易，買賣,plastic a. 塑料的 chip n. 薄片；碎片；集成電路片 expand v. (cause to) grow larger 擴大，擴展 switch v. change; shift 轉(zhuǎn)換，變換 foil n. 金屬薄片，箔 virtuous a. showing moral goodness 有道德的；善良的 envy vt., n. 妒忌；羨慕 grape n. 葡萄,promptly ad. immediately 立即地 stem n. 莖，（樹）干，（葉）梗 whale n. 鯨 cooperate vi. act or work tog
26、ether 合作，協(xié)作 behaviorist n. 行為主義者 in sb.s interest(s) to sb.s advantage 為了某人的利益 go far help very much; achieve much success 幫助很大；很有成效,consultant n. 顧問 behavior n. the way one acts or behaves 舉止，行為 assess vt. judge the quality, importance or worth of 評估，估量 judgment n. 判斷；意見，看法 mate n. 配偶；伙伴，同事 thrive
27、vi. grow strong and healthy; develop well 茁壯成長；興旺 at first at the beginning 起先,stretcher n. 擔(dān)架 emergency n. an unexpected and dangerous happening which must be dealt with at once 緊急情況；突然事件 go wrong stop developing well 有毛病，出故障 halt v. (cause to) stop 停住，停止 throw up (infml) vomit 嘔吐 apparently ad. it
28、 is clear (that) 明顯地 size up carefully examine (a situation or person) in order to make a judgement 估量，判斷,release vt. set free 釋放 slide v. (cause to) move smoothly along a surface （使）滑動 primate n. 靈長目動物 evidence n. sth. that gives a reason for believing sth.; trace 證據(jù)；跡象 deceive v. try to make(sb.)
29、believe sth. that is false 欺騙 inaccessible a. very difficult or impossible to reach 達不到的；難得到的 original a. first or earliest 最初的；原始的,colony n. （生長在同一地方的動物或植物）群，群體；殖民地 male n. 雄性動物或植物；男子 a. 雄的；男（性）的 gaze n., v. 凝視，注視 give in 讓步；屈服；投降 underneath prep., ad. under or below 在下面，在底下 pea-brained a. 笨的 turtl
30、e n. （海）龜,survive v. remain alive in spite of; continue to live or exist after 幸免于；繼續(xù)存在，幸存 survival n. disaster n. an event causing great suffering and damage 災(zāi)難 wipe out get rid of or destroy 消滅，消除 dinosaur n. 恐龍 horizon n. 眼界，見識；地平線,Proper Names Ugene Linden 尤金林登 Charlene Jendry 查倫延德里 Columbus Zoo 哥倫布動物園 Colo 科洛（文中指動物名） Chantek 夏特克（文中指動物名） Lyn Miles 琳邁爾斯 University of Tennessee 田納西大學(xué) Zoo Atlanta 亞特蘭大動物園,Gail Laule 蓋爾勞爾 Orky 奧基（文中指動物名） Corky 科基（文中指動物名） Helen Shewman 海倫休曼 Seattle 西雅圖（美國華盛頓州西部港市） Woodland Park Zoo 伍德蘭公園動物園 Melati 梅拉蒂（文中指動物名） Towan 托溫（文中指動物名,
全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊.ppt
