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1、名詞性從句:包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句。,名詞性從句,一、怎樣確定引導(dǎo)詞?,句1意為:好消息是冠軍賽將在國(guó)家體育館鳥巢舉行。答案為C。 句2意為:不知你是否讀過悲劇李爾王。答案為C。 句3意為:明天就是布魯斯的生日了。你知道生日聚會(huì)在哪里舉行 嗎?答案為D。,由此,我們可以得出什么結(jié)論?,名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞是根據(jù)從句的意思來選擇的。如果名詞性從句 的意思不完整,就用wh-word引導(dǎo) (如句2和句3)。如果名詞性從句 的意思已經(jīng)完整,就用that引導(dǎo) (如句1)。,The good news is ___ the Race of Championships(ROC) w
2、ill be held in the Birds Nest, the National Stadium. A. what B. which C. that D. how 2. Im wondering ___ you ever read the tragedy King Lear. A. that B. what C. if D. how 3. Tomorrow is Bruces birthday. Have you got any idea ___ the party is to be held? A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where,二、用that還是用w
3、hat?,句1:介詞about后的賓語(yǔ)從句中do和think缺賓語(yǔ),所以用what。 句2:根據(jù)句意“有人告訴我溫總理在北京兒童醫(yī)院看望了甲流病 人和醫(yī)護(hù)人員”可以判定is前是主語(yǔ)從句,從句中涉及sb. be told sth.結(jié)構(gòu),所以從句中缺賓語(yǔ),要用what;is后是表語(yǔ)從句, 從句的意思已經(jīng)完整,所以用that。答案1.A,2. C。,what和that的區(qū)別在于:what在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ), 而that在名詞性從句中不作成分,只起連接作用,沒有實(shí)意。換句 話說,如果名詞性從句中缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),要用what;如果從 句中不缺成分,意思已經(jīng)完整,就用that。,Im h
4、is good friend, and I can make guesses about ___ he will do or think. A. whatB. which C. whomD. that 2. ____ I have been told is ____ Premier Wen visited A/H1N1 patients and medical staff at the Beijing Childrens Hospital in Beijing A. That; that B. That; what C. What; that D. What; what
5、,三、何時(shí)不能省略that?,我們先來判定下列句中的that是否能省略。 1. That Zhang Yining married a millionaire is known to us all. 2. The reason why I come here is that I want to see you. 3. Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?,答案:都不能省略。,原因如下: (1) 主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí),其引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略。 (2) that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不能省略。 (3) tha
6、t引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不能省略。 另外,當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞后跟一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that可以省略; 跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第二個(gè)以及后面的that 不能省略。,四、用whether還是用if?,請(qǐng)用whether和if填寫下面四個(gè)句子: 1. It depends on ____ you can do the work well. 2. ____ he could live on depended on his desire for survival. 3. It hasnt been decided __ well go to Qingdao Underwater Wo
7、rld. 4. I am wondering ____ you could give me a hand.,表示“是否”時(shí),介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo),不能 用if引導(dǎo);置于句首的主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo),不能用if引 導(dǎo);置于句末的主語(yǔ)從句,既可以用whether引導(dǎo),也可以用if引 導(dǎo);及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句,既可以用whether引導(dǎo),也可以用 if引導(dǎo)。,所以,句1中介詞on后面的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo),不能用 if引導(dǎo);句2中置于句首的主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo),不能用if 引導(dǎo);句3中置于句末的主語(yǔ)從句既可以用whether引導(dǎo),也可以 用if
8、引導(dǎo);句4中及物動(dòng)詞wonder后面的賓語(yǔ)從句既可以用whether 引導(dǎo),也可以用if引導(dǎo)。,五、是同位語(yǔ)從句還是定語(yǔ)從句?,請(qǐng)判定下面兩個(gè)句子中分別含有什么從句。 1. We were all happy to hear the news that he told us. 2. We were all happy to hear the news that the 11th National Games came to a successful close on Wednesday.,答案:句1中含有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾the news。句2中含有 that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句
9、,解釋說明the news。,同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于: 同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的解釋說明(如句2);定語(yǔ)從句是后 置定語(yǔ),是對(duì)前面名詞的修飾和限定(如句1)。 that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只起連接作用,沒有實(shí)意,不充當(dāng)任何 句子成分,不能省略(如句2);that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),替代先行詞, 在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略(如句1)。,六、用陳述句語(yǔ)序還是疑問句語(yǔ)序?,名詞性從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序,還是用疑問句語(yǔ)序呢?先做下面兩道題。 1. Where ____ go for a picnic this weekend? Where ____ go for a picnic thi
10、s weekend has not been decided. A. shall we; shall we B. shall we; we shall C. we shall; shall we D. we shall; we shall 2. Where do you suppose ____ the lecture to us? A. will the professor give B. the professor will give C. would the professor give D. that the professor will give,答案:1. B 2. B
11、。,特殊疑問詞的構(gòu)成是:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句。名詞性從句 都用陳述句語(yǔ)序。特殊疑問句中含有do you think/ believe/ expect /suppose等插入語(yǔ)時(shí),這些插入語(yǔ)后面的句子要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。,所以,句1中:空一所在句為特殊疑問句,要用疑問句語(yǔ)序shall we; 空二所在句為主語(yǔ)從句,要用陳述句語(yǔ)序we shall。句2中:空格前 面有do you suppose插入語(yǔ),所以空格處要用陳述句語(yǔ)序the professor will give。,七、怎樣對(duì)待從句中的插入語(yǔ)?,名詞性從句中的插入語(yǔ)是用來增加干擾性,增加題目難度的。做題 時(shí)只要把插入語(yǔ)看出來,將其去掉不看,
12、問題就明朗化容易解決了。 Dont you know, my dear friend, ____ it is what you have rather than you that she loves? A. what B. which C. that D. as 2. He told me the news, believe it or not, ____ Noriko Sakai admitted taking drugs. A. what B. that C. which D. whether,分析:句1:my dear friend是插入語(yǔ),將其去掉后,不難看出know 后面是一個(gè)
13、賓語(yǔ)從句。由于從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都已完整,所以用 that。答案為C。句意為:親愛的朋友,難道你不知道她愛的是你 擁有的東西,而不是你嗎?句2:believe it nor not是插入語(yǔ),將其 去掉后,不難看出news后面是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句。由于從句的結(jié)構(gòu) 和意思都已完整,所以用that。答案為B。句意為:信不信由你, 他告訴我酒井法子承認(rèn)自己吸毒了。,八、如何應(yīng)對(duì)從句中的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)?,He was so annoyed and spoke so fast that none of us understood ____ he said meant. A. what B. that C. wha
14、t that D. what what,要想做對(duì)這類題,必須把看似復(fù)雜的總體結(jié)構(gòu)拆解成簡(jiǎn)單明了的 小結(jié)構(gòu)、小分支。 本句中,understood后面是賓語(yǔ)從句。從句中what he said“他 說的話”是一部分,在從句中作主語(yǔ)。如果把what he said視為it, 那么后面就變成____ it meant,顯然賓語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)(meant 缺賓語(yǔ)),空格處要用what。也就是說,第一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從 句,同時(shí)作meant的賓語(yǔ),第二個(gè)what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)從 句,同時(shí)作said的賓語(yǔ)。簡(jiǎn)單地說,said和meant都缺賓語(yǔ),所以 都用what。答案為D。,鞏固練習(xí): 1. I
15、heard the good news the other day ____ the Winter Olympic flame arrived in the host country Canada on Friday. A. what B. when C. that D. if,C。 句意為:前幾天,我聽說冬奧會(huì)的火炬于周五到達(dá)主辦國(guó)加 拿大。所以空格所在的同位語(yǔ)從句意思已經(jīng)完整,用that引導(dǎo)。,,2. We all wonder, perhaps except you, ____ the wife of the professor killed by a student said s
16、he didnt hate the murderer. A. what B. that C. why D. whether,2. C。 根據(jù)句意“我們都不知道,可能除了你,為什么教授被學(xué)生殺 死后,教授的妻子卻說她不恨這個(gè)兇手”可知用why引導(dǎo)wonder的 賓語(yǔ)從句。從句與動(dòng)詞之間被perhaps except you隔開。,3. ____ made me burst into laughter was ____ he had meant to take me in but was taken in. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; what
17、D. That; that,3. B 空格處的was前是主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺主語(yǔ),要用what;was 后是表語(yǔ)從句,從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思都已完整,所以用that。句意為: 讓我大笑的是,他本想騙我但卻被騙了。,4. As I looked at the memorial, I thought about ____ terrible life was for the Jews then and ____ they were to fight the Nazis. A. how; how B. what a; how C. what; how D. how; what,4. A about后面跟了
18、兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。先用代入法確定空一。把how 代入空一,即為how terrible life was,結(jié)構(gòu)完整;把what a代入 空一,即為what a terrible life was,was前缺主語(yǔ),結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。 所以空一要用how??斩诰淙睜钫Z(yǔ),要用how,不能用what。,5. A new problem occurred when the project was carried out ____ the water could be supplied to the top of the building, 300 meters high in the sky. A. t
19、hat B. how C. what D. where,5. B 句意為:在工程進(jìn)行的時(shí)候,出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的問題,那就是 怎樣才能把水供到大樓頂層,距地面300米的地方。此題考查分割 式同位語(yǔ)從句。如果選A,就表示能把水供到大樓頂層,換句話說 ,就是把水供到大樓頂層不是問題,而這與前面的“新問題”a new problem矛盾。,6. ____ well go climbing Mount Tai tomorrow depends on the weather. A. Whether B. If C. Why D. That,7. Agassi says I cant speak to addi
20、ction, but a lot of people would say ____ youre using anything as an escape, you have a problem. A. if that B. what C. that D. that if,8. As for the Yangshuo balloon explosion accident, ____ happened then remains unclear. A. that B. which C. what D. where,6. A 句意:我們明天是否去爬泰山取決于天氣;表示“是否”時(shí), 置于句首的主語(yǔ)從句只能用whether引導(dǎo),不能用if引導(dǎo)。,7. D say后面是賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句中又有主句you have a problem 和從句youre using anything as an escape。兩者之間是條件關(guān)系, 所以用if引導(dǎo)。答案為that if,that可以省略。句意為:阿加西說 “我不能責(zé)備上癮,但是很多人都會(huì)說如果你用什么東西來逃避, 那你就有問題了?!?8. C remains前面是主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺主語(yǔ),所以用what。句意: 關(guān)于陽(yáng)朔氣球爆炸事故,現(xiàn)在還不清楚當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生了什么。,