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現(xiàn)代集成制造技術(shù)
信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展引起的革命使我們進(jìn)入了信息時(shí)代. 信息革命不僅引起思想和生活方式的變化,從而導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)和制造哲理的巨大變化 可以說,過去十年來新的制造理念都離不開它提供支持的信息技術(shù)制造先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)是重要的生產(chǎn)歷史轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)期. 多年來,中國(guó)\綜合國(guó)力的不斷增強(qiáng),即將到來,市場(chǎng)極具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,從賣方\國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)變?yōu)橘I方\中國(guó)市場(chǎng),并迅速成為國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的同時(shí),許多大中型企業(yè)處于劣勢(shì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),甚至破產(chǎn)、關(guān)閉. 結(jié)合中國(guó)\中國(guó)的國(guó)情,通過分析現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)、先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)技術(shù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和道路做些有益的制造業(yè)發(fā)展探索.
含義與定位現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)
現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)(當(dāng)代集成制造系統(tǒng))是計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)新的發(fā)展階段,計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)在繼承優(yōu)秀成果的基礎(chǔ)上不斷吸收先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)與本質(zhì)的思考,從信息整合、過程整合與企業(yè)整合的方向迅速發(fā)展先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)為核心. 具體而言,將帶來傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)、管理技術(shù)、自動(dòng)化技術(shù)、系統(tǒng)工程技術(shù)有機(jī)結(jié)合,通過計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的企業(yè)在整個(gè)生命周期的組織、經(jīng)營(yíng)、管理和技術(shù)的有機(jī)結(jié)合,優(yōu)化經(jīng)營(yíng)整個(gè)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品生命周期,情報(bào),整合優(yōu)化 達(dá)到產(chǎn)品上市快、服務(wù)好、質(zhì)量好、低成本的目的,提高企業(yè)的軟、敏捷性和簡(jiǎn)裝性。企業(yè)在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中立于不敗之地. 從整合角度看,早期的計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)側(cè)重于信息一體化、現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)集成概念在廣度和深度上的一大擴(kuò)展,除了信息一體化,還實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)全產(chǎn)品生命周期的整體業(yè)務(wù)流程優(yōu)化、過程整合和開發(fā)輔助企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間的整合階段.
現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該是國(guó)與國(guó)之間的研究范圍之間的國(guó)家科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃、攀登計(jì)劃. 攀登計(jì)劃研究項(xiàng)目相比,它更注重成果的應(yīng)用,將技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化,促進(jìn)中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化\的生產(chǎn)過程; 國(guó)家科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃相比,將更加重視制造業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問題,我們共同來解決,而具前瞻性問題的模式之一.
現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)技術(shù)
先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)(舉辦先進(jìn)制造技術(shù))為專有名詞,尚不明確、一致的定義. 通過其內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn)的研究,目前共同的體會(huì):先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)制造技術(shù)不斷吸收機(jī)械、電子、信息、材料、能源和現(xiàn)代管理等方面的成果,其綜合產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、測(cè)試、管理、銷售、使用、服務(wù)的制造過程,以高質(zhì)量、高效率、低、清潔、靈活生產(chǎn) 預(yù)期效果及經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)創(chuàng)造三項(xiàng)技術(shù)總稱. 它具有以下特點(diǎn):
從技術(shù)為中心向以人為中心的轉(zhuǎn)變,科技的發(fā)展更符合人類社會(huì)的需要; 模糊專業(yè)分工專業(yè)化壓力、一專多能轉(zhuǎn)變職工的智慧得到充分發(fā)揮; 由多層金字塔結(jié)構(gòu),網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理面臨著結(jié)構(gòu)性變化,減少了中間環(huán)節(jié)和層次; 從傳統(tǒng)的以平行方式轉(zhuǎn)變工作方法,減少工作周期,提高工作質(zhì)量; 從形式固定職能部門自主管理小組的工作方法,以動(dòng)態(tài)變化. 通過先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的定義和分析的特點(diǎn),我們發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)擁有最先進(jìn)的制造技術(shù)特點(diǎn)先進(jìn)制造技術(shù),是不是涉及的范圍,現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)等先進(jìn)制造技術(shù),通過全面檢查,我們提出了一個(gè)現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)構(gòu)成模式. 圖1表明,在先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)在吸收計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)優(yōu)秀成果的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)并行工程、虛擬制造,并成功地建立了動(dòng)態(tài)聯(lián)盟的深入研究,并不斷吸收先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),先進(jìn)思想,將推廣應(yīng)用, 現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)為核心的先進(jìn)制造技術(shù),具體如下:
1、并行工程:
并行工程相結(jié)合,同時(shí)進(jìn)行相關(guān)程序的設(shè)計(jì)和產(chǎn)品(包括制造過程和支持過程)系統(tǒng). 它要求產(chǎn)品開發(fā)人員在一開始就考慮整個(gè)產(chǎn)品生命周期概念產(chǎn)品用各種因素,包括質(zhì)量、成本、時(shí)間和用戶需求. 為達(dá)到目的,同時(shí)主樓高度一體化模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)各部門通過共同努力; 設(shè)計(jì)成功的產(chǎn)品,減少重復(fù),許多地方的模擬技術(shù); 模型,模擬部分包括應(yīng)用虛擬制造技術(shù) 可以說并行工程的發(fā)展,是要建立一個(gè)虛擬制造技術(shù)條件,虛擬制造技術(shù)將根據(jù)并行工程、并行工程的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展虛擬制造技術(shù). 同時(shí),并行工程處、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助生產(chǎn)、CAPP、技術(shù)支持,分別對(duì)原有工作在時(shí)間和空間上交叉、重疊,充分利用現(xiàn)有技術(shù)和吸收當(dāng)前迅速發(fā)展的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和優(yōu)秀成果,為先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ).
雖然并行工程在實(shí)際工作中,研究的熱點(diǎn),也取得了一些成果,但是目前仍有一些問題:
(一)研究的廣度和深度:盡管是平行進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究著作,但在研究?jī)?nèi)容的角度看,還是從研究的水平,差距明顯. 如:并行工程在成本和質(zhì)量的應(yīng)用剛剛起步,還沒有統(tǒng)一供應(yīng)的議程.
(二)工程技術(shù)的同時(shí)還與實(shí)際:在實(shí)用技術(shù)研究、商品化軟件尚未出生,而外國(guó)公司已推出的商業(yè)軟件(如:親工程首,隨CADDS5).
(三)實(shí)施并行工程充分:研究薄弱研究并不完全開花,并行工程實(shí)施將是困難的. 此外,目前國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)械行業(yè)在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,好、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)/計(jì)算機(jī)輔助生產(chǎn)工藝術(shù)尚待普及,全面實(shí)施并行工程還缺乏基本的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ).
由于并行工程和我國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)研究工作不足狀況,決定要為現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)深入的研究工作已經(jīng)展開.
2、虛擬制造(船民--虛擬制造):
虛擬制造利用信息技術(shù)、仿真技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)制造活動(dòng)的人、物、信息及制造過程進(jìn)行全面的仿真,以發(fā)現(xiàn)制造中可能出現(xiàn)的問題,產(chǎn)品在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)之前,采取預(yù)防措施,從而創(chuàng)造了一次性產(chǎn)品的成功,達(dá)到降低成本、縮短產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期, 其目的是為了提高產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力--四. 目前,虛擬制造技術(shù)已被國(guó)外,如:設(shè)計(jì)一家美國(guó)公司boneingVS-X虛擬飛機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)手套和頭盔監(jiān)測(cè)觀察控制,飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)師身臨其境觀察結(jié)果設(shè)計(jì)飛機(jī),其外觀、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及使用性能的檢驗(yàn); 日本\的松下公司開發(fā)的虛擬廚房設(shè)備制造系統(tǒng),允許消費(fèi)者在購(gòu)買商品前,在虛擬環(huán)境中體驗(yàn)不同的廚房設(shè)備功能于自己的喜好評(píng)價(jià)、選擇和重組這些設(shè)備,他們的選擇將儲(chǔ)存并送往生產(chǎn)部門通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)生產(chǎn); 考文垂藝術(shù)與設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院美國(guó)開發(fā)的虛擬原型系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)者在設(shè)計(jì)初期建造的電腦虛擬原型和評(píng)價(jià)原型的這6.
國(guó)內(nèi)的研究剛剛起步,主要集中在三個(gè)方面:
(1)產(chǎn)品虛擬設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù):
包括虛擬產(chǎn)品開發(fā)平臺(tái)、虛擬測(cè)試、虛擬裝配以及機(jī)床、虛擬設(shè)計(jì)工具實(shí)現(xiàn). 清華大學(xué)利用美國(guó)國(guó)家儀器公司LabVIEW開發(fā)平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬suoxiang電路、機(jī)械學(xué)用C程式語(yǔ)言、OpenGL初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維虛擬在車庫(kù)的參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì),可以進(jìn)行停車場(chǎng)的視覺設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)計(jì)、分析和運(yùn)動(dòng)模擬.
(2)產(chǎn)品虛擬制造技術(shù)
主要材料熱加工工藝模擬、加工仿真模擬盤形狀,塑造制造業(yè)仿真. 法奧在運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展局Optris材料模擬軟件已基本形成類似于中門復(fù)雜汽車復(fù)蓋羊和其他羊形件造型過程; 沉陽(yáng)廣播學(xué)院仿真軟件開發(fā)電渣熔鑄工藝已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于水輪發(fā)電機(jī)esrd3d流量變化曲面部件的生產(chǎn), 其產(chǎn)品數(shù)量和中西部、建筑、服務(wù)等七個(gè)電站和平利用; 合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)與雙刀架車床數(shù)碼處理軟件仿真馬\'鐵鞍山鋼鐵公司采用車輪廠Lungu數(shù)碼手續(xù),縮短調(diào)試時(shí)間由幾個(gè)班幾個(gè)小時(shí),確保了試成功; 北京機(jī)床研究所、機(jī)械科學(xué)院、東北大學(xué)、上海交通大學(xué)、長(zhǎng)沙鐵路學(xué)院等單位還制定了一系列的仿真軟件. (3)虛擬制造系統(tǒng)
虛擬制造技術(shù)包括建筑、技術(shù)支持、開發(fā)策略. 這就出現(xiàn)了比較成熟的思想并可能上海同濟(jì)大學(xué)教授張?zhí)K分散的生產(chǎn)體系和網(wǎng)絡(luò)十一警示交大院士組成一個(gè)網(wǎng)研究中心.
從上面的討論,我們可以看到有很大區(qū)別國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn),因?yàn)樗翘摂M制造技術(shù)工程平行的方向是能創(chuàng)造的核心,這意味著我們要為中心的現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)技術(shù),以推動(dòng)相關(guān)技術(shù)的研究,他們一致順利.
3、敏捷制造(實(shí)時(shí)-靈活制造):
競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力和創(chuàng)造一個(gè)具公信力的基礎(chǔ)上組成的虛擬企業(yè)合作伙伴選擇工作,共同為同一目標(biāo),以提高整體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,快速響應(yīng)用戶需求,以滿足用戶的需要. 建立快速反應(yīng)能力,建立一個(gè)虛擬企業(yè)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),其核心是虛擬制造技術(shù),快速形成虛擬制造技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ). 創(chuàng)造能力的現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)納入企業(yè)信息一體化的道路,這是發(fā)展水平的現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng).
自1991年美國(guó)研制成功的思維,美國(guó)政府就贊助許多研究發(fā)展強(qiáng)大的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和生產(chǎn)工具的單位,鼓勵(lì)應(yīng)用示范不同行業(yè),已經(jīng)取得了一些進(jìn)展. 例如:崛起于制造業(yè)生產(chǎn)裝置遙測(cè)示范工程,聯(lián)合加州圣亞國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室、聯(lián)合信號(hào)公司、美國(guó)堪薩斯市科新墨西哥州\的國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室和圣地亞機(jī)械主要箱、印刷電路板供應(yīng)商. 通過聯(lián)合企業(yè)資源單一脆弱,時(shí)間會(huì)比單一企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)時(shí)間減少了50%的生產(chǎn),大大提高工作效率. 現(xiàn)在美國(guó)許多大公司都參加了這一研究計(jì)劃,歐洲和日本的發(fā)展已建立相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu),研究和實(shí)施. 我國(guó)專家從1993年開始回升創(chuàng)造了跟蹤研究,包括:快速實(shí)施的制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ); 建立虛擬公司架構(gòu)和運(yùn)作模式的步驟; 虛擬公司和組織實(shí)施. 與國(guó)外相比,這些研究只能原則性的研究,距離實(shí)際需要還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走. 因此,在中國(guó)\的企業(yè)也迅速創(chuàng)造不可能,但從科學(xué)研究,我們認(rèn)為有必要采取適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下建立一個(gè)研究虛擬企業(yè),加深虛擬企業(yè)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面遇到的困難的理解,在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),將來的發(fā)展一定的技術(shù)儲(chǔ)備.
4、綠色制造(基因-綠色制造):
綠色制造是一個(gè)綜合考慮環(huán)境影響和資源效率的現(xiàn)代制造模式,其目標(biāo)是使產(chǎn)品從設(shè)計(jì)、制造、包裝、運(yùn)輸、利用廢整個(gè)產(chǎn)品生命周期,對(duì)環(huán)境的影響(負(fù)作用)最小、最有效地利用資源. 綠色制造越來越重視環(huán)保的選擇,而不是犧牲發(fā)展環(huán)境污染、國(guó)際實(shí)踐表明,制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)工序改進(jìn)減少?gòu)U物排放超過污水處理廠已處理大量節(jié)省. 綠色制造可以通過計(jì)算機(jī)仿真來達(dá)到目的,即它是虛擬制造的一部分. 從可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,綠色制造是必然選擇,它將成為現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要組成部分.
從以上的分析,我們可以看到:各種先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)是相互關(guān)聯(lián)、交叉、先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)、建立現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)為核心、先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和發(fā)展現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的概念.
我國(guó)現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展策略
在市場(chǎng)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)驅(qū)動(dòng)、先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)發(fā)展十分迅速,新思想、新觀念是通過現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)、先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)關(guān)系的分析,我們認(rèn)為,在發(fā)展我國(guó)現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,我們應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在以人為本的思想、采用并行工程的理念、銜接的各種先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展, 并不斷吸收先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的成熟成果,為先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的國(guó)家,以推動(dòng)社會(huì)各界更廣泛應(yīng)用的作用.
目前,并行工程在美國(guó),推廣使用階段,而且在商業(yè)化虛擬制造軟件投入市場(chǎng),在這方面存在著巨大的差距,主要是:從研究、科研經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足,研究力量分散,難以推廣使用的研究成果,嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi); 從企業(yè)方面,企業(yè)整體素質(zhì)、管理落后、軟弱研究能力面對(duì)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng),大多硬,很難在現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)花費(fèi)太多,而是由素質(zhì)企業(yè)人員的限制,一些先進(jìn)的技術(shù)還不易立即實(shí)際效果,這些企業(yè)都受應(yīng)用先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的熱情; 從國(guó)家政策,而國(guó)家的高度重視制造業(yè),而是因?yàn)槲覀兡壳暗臓顩r在改革過程中,很多機(jī)制同時(shí)運(yùn)作,難以協(xié)調(diào)各利益集團(tuán)利用資金往往,國(guó)家\的財(cái)政困難,而且還以金錢支持現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)的研究. 針對(duì)這種情況,我們提出以下辦法:
(1)企業(yè)需求為出發(fā)點(diǎn),"甩圖板"工程為契機(jī),傳播民航技術(shù)、人員培訓(xùn)等,以幫助企業(yè)提高質(zhì)量的企業(yè)(包括技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、勞動(dòng)態(tài)度、道德水平等),不斷提高企業(yè)的管理水平,計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)的成功示范企業(yè)推廣并行工程,并適當(dāng)宣傳虛擬制造、 快速制造技術(shù)思想提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),為企業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展.
(2)在政府方面,政府應(yīng)發(fā)揮協(xié)調(diào)職能,組織企業(yè)和科研部門的多方面、多層次的合作,加強(qiáng)科學(xué)研究,推廣和應(yīng)用要組織多學(xué)科、跨地區(qū)的研究力量的共同問題; 從加強(qiáng)宏觀指導(dǎo)下的現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng) 我們集中智慧,制定符合中國(guó)發(fā)展計(jì)劃\國(guó)情和實(shí)施這一計(jì)劃的實(shí)施.
(3)在這方面的先進(jìn)技術(shù),導(dǎo)致過度追求世界,就應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)需要,解決實(shí)際問題,努力創(chuàng)造有效,從而獲取資本和商業(yè)支持,以幫助建立一個(gè)良性循環(huán),推動(dòng)進(jìn)一步的研究. 同時(shí),應(yīng)該參與國(guó)際合作,跟蹤發(fā)展國(guó)際研究,當(dāng)然也可以適當(dāng)引進(jìn)一些關(guān)鍵的、有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ募夹g(shù)消化和創(chuàng)新,縮短我國(guó)與世界先進(jìn)水平的差距,保持領(lǐng)先的技術(shù).
(4)對(duì)我們的科學(xué)力量分散的弱點(diǎn),以及分散生產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)思想,利用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)開展合作研究,建立分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究中心,研究協(xié)調(diào). 分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)所謂研究室就是利用信息技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、研究活動(dòng),真正的人、物、信息及研究進(jìn)行全面一體化進(jìn)程在某一時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)共同目標(biāo)的最佳組合的人員和單位進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究. 調(diào)動(dòng)各方面的積極性,共同努力,通過研究工作進(jìn)行了廣泛、深入、縮短周期的研究,以提高科技競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,可以說分布網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究室是現(xiàn)實(shí)的功能研究機(jī)構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)映射是一種"虛擬"工作模式.
基于上述原因,中國(guó)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該以需求為驅(qū)動(dòng)力的企業(yè),通過政府的政策和計(jì)劃的協(xié)調(diào),繼續(xù)進(jìn)行類似的工程,虛擬制造能力和制造綠色制造的研究和應(yīng)用 分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)和利用研究中心組織各地區(qū)的現(xiàn)代科研力量集中突破與集成制造系統(tǒng)密切相關(guān)的應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等措施,CORBA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)擴(kuò)建,改革過程企業(yè)理論研究的戰(zhàn)略意義的理論研究工作,并逐步向現(xiàn)代集成制造系統(tǒng)成為我國(guó)制造業(yè)的靈魂.
附錄2
Modern integration manufacturing technique
Arising from the development of information technology revolution has enabled us to enter the information age. The information revolution is not only a source of ideas and lifestyle changes, and led to the production and manufacture of the huge philosophical change, it can be said that over the past decade the new manufacturing philosophy can not be separated from the provision of it support to information technology for the manufacture of advanced manufacturing technology is important for manufacturing in the period of historic change. Over the years, China's comprehensive national strength has been continually enhanced, and the approaching, the market is extremely competitive, from a seller's domestic market into a buyer's market, and is rapidly becoming part of the international market, many large and medium-sized enterprises at a disadvantage in the competition, and even bankruptcy, closure. The combination of China's national conditions, through the analysis of modern integrated manufacturing systems and advanced manufacturing technology relationship with our modern integrated manufacturing systems technology and development strategy and a way to do something useful for the development of our manufacturing exploration.
With the meaning of modern integrated manufacturing system positioning
Modern integrated manufacturing systems (Contemporary Integrated Manufacturing System) is a computer integrated manufacturing system, a new stage of development, and computer integrated manufacturing systems in succession outstanding on the basis of the outcome of its ongoing absorption of advanced manufacturing technology related to the essence of thinking, From information integration, process integration to the enterprise integration direction rapid development in advanced manufacturing technology at the core. Specifically, it would create the traditional technology and modern information technology, management technology, automation technology, systems engineering technology for organic integration through computer technology products to enterprises throughout the life cycle of the organization, management, administration and technical organic integration and optimization of the operation in the entire enterprise product life cycle of it, intelligence, and integration optimization, reached products listed fast and good service, good quality, low-cost end, and to improve enterprise soft, Jianzhuangxing and nimble nature of the enterprise in the fierce market competition invincible. From the integration perspective, the early computer integrated manufacturing system, focusing on information integration, and modern integrated manufacturing system integration concept in the breadth and depth of a great expansion, in addition to information integration, also achieved enterprise-wide product life cycle of the overall business process optimization, process integration, and the development of complementary businesses to enterprise integration between the stages.
Modern integrated manufacturing systems between countries should be the scope of the study plan and climbing between national research programmes. Compared with climbing planned research projects, it more results-oriented application, as will technology industrialization, and to promote the modernization of China's manufacturing process; Compared with the national research plan, it will pay more attention to the development of the manufacturing industry to address our common key issues, and forward-looking issues to one of the model.
A modern integrated manufacturing systems technology
Advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT-Advanced Manufacturing Technology) as a proper noun, is not yet a clear, consistent definition. Through its content and features research, the current common understanding : advanced manufacturing technology is a traditional manufacturing technology constantly absorbing mechanical, electronic, information, materials, energy and modern management, and other aspects of the results, and its integrated products for the design, manufacture, testing, management, sales, use, service manufacturing process, in order to achieve high quality, efficient, low, clean, flexible production, and the desired economic effects technology to create three-technology call the shopping strip. It has the following features :
From a technology-centred to people-centred change, the development of technology more responsive to human needs of the community; To blur the division of professional specialization from stress, multi-skill changes to the intelligence of workers can be brought into full play; From the multi-storey pyramid management structure of the network to face structural changes to reduce the levels and the intermediate links; from the traditional approach in order to parallel changes in working methods, reducing work cycle, and enhance the quality of work; from the functional sector fixed form autonomous management teams to dynamic changes in the working methods. Through advanced manufacturing technology definition and analysis of the characteristics we found that modern integrated manufacturing system with the most advanced manufacturing technology features advanced manufacturing technology is involved than the scope of modern integrated manufacturing systems and so on advanced manufacturing technology through comprehensive inspection, We have made a modern integrated manufacturing systems technology constitute model. As figure 1 shows that, in advanced manufacturing technology, the modern integrated manufacturing system in absorbing computer integrated manufacturing system, the outstanding achievements on the basis of the continuation of parallel projects, virtual manufacture, and successfully create a dynamic Union-depth research, and continually absorb advanced manufacturing technologies and successful experiences of advanced ideas, they will promote the use, This modern integrated manufacturing system for the advanced manufacturing technologies into the core, specify the following :
1, parallel works (CE-Concurrent Engineering) :
Parallel projects to be integrated, concurrent design of products and related processes (including manufacturing processes and support processes) system. It requires product development staff at the outset to consider the entire life cycle of products from conceptualization to product spent all factors, including quality, cost, schedule and user requirements. To achieve the purpose parallel to the main building highly integrated model through which to achieve the different sectors to work together; To design a successful product, reducing repeated it in many parts of the simulation technology; The modelling, simulation applications were included in the partial virtual manufacturing technology, It can be said that the parallel development of the project was to create a virtual manufacturing technologies conditions, virtual manufacturing technology will be based on concurrent engineering, parallel project is the further development of virtual manufacturing technologies. At the same time, in parallel engineering CAD, CAM, CAPP, technical support, respectively, for the original work in time and space overlapping and duplication, and make full use of existing technology and to absorb the current rapid development of computer technology, network technology and outstanding results, as advanced manufacturing technology base.
Although parallel projects in our work to study hot and have achieved some results, but there are still a number of current issues :
(1) The breadth and depth of study : Although parallel studies have been carried out extensive works, but in terms of research content perspective, or from the level of research that are obviously gaps. Such as : cost and quality of parallel projects in the application has just started, and suppliers have not been integrated agenda.
(2) the technology works in parallel with the practical enough : in practical technology research, commercialization software are not yet born, and foreign companies have already introduced commercial software (such as : the Pro-Engineering initials, the CADDS5 cv).
(3) the implementation of concurrent engineering enough : As weak research in the research are not fully flowering, parallel project implementation will be difficult. Moreover, the current domestic machinery industry in the fierce market competition-well, CAD/CAM remains to be universal, comprehensive implementation of a parallel project also lack basic physical infrastructure.
Works are due to the parallel position and our basic research inadequate, a decision must be as basic modern integrated manufacturing system in-depth research work has been carried out.
2, virtual manufacturing (VM-Virtual Manufacturing) :
Virtual manufacturing use of information technology, simulation technology, computer technology to the reality of the manufacturing activities of people, goods, information and manufacturing process for a comprehensive simulation to detect manufacturing problems that might appear during the product in actual production before the adoption of preventive measures, thus creating a one-time product success, to achieve lower costs and shorten product development cycles, The purpose is to enhance the competitiveness of products -- 4.
Currently, virtual manufacturing technology has been used abroad, such as : the design of an American company Boneing VS-X virtual aircraft available data gloves and helmets monitors to observe and control, aircraft designers to experience personally observe the outcome of the design of aircraft, and its exterior, the internal structure and the use of performance of the inspection; Japan's Matsushita companies develop virtual kitchen equipment manufacturing systems, allowing consumers to purchase goods in the former, in a virtual environment experience different kitchen equipment functions at its own preferences evaluation, selection and reorganization of the equipment, their choices will be stored and sent to the production sector through the network of production; Coventry School of Art and Design American Development virtual prototype system designers in the design of the initial phase of construction in the computer virtual prototype and evaluate this prototype of the 6.
Domestic research has just begun, mainly concentrated in three areas :
(1) virtual product design technologies :
Include virtual product development platform, and virtual testing, virtual assembly and machine tools, the virtual instrument designed to achieve. Qinghua University, which uses U.S. national equipment companies Labview development platforms achieved Suoxiang virtual circuits, machinery Sciences used C programming language and OpenGL initially achieved a three-dimensional virtual reality Garage under the parameters of the design, we can carry out the garage visual layout, design, analysis and simulation campaign.
(2) Virtual manufacturing technology products
Mainly hot material machining simulation, processing simulation, plate shaped simulation, molding manufacturing simulation. Campaign with Faw in Optris development board material shaped simulation software has been basically similar to the middle doors complexity of the vehicle and other coverage of the ram ram shaped pieces shaped process; Shenyang Institute of casting simulation software package developed electroslag have molded processes have been applied to water turbogenerator ESRD3D change toroidal flow components of the production, its products in volume and the Lijiaxia, construction, service and other peaceful use of seven power stations; Hefei Industrial University and the double-tool carrier digital lathe processing simulation software Ma'anshan Iron and Steel Company in the application of wheel Lungu plant to digital procedures to shorten the debugging time by several classes of a few hours, and to ensure a ban is successful; Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute, machinery Sciences, Northeastern University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and Changsha Railway College, and other units also developed a number of the simulation software. (3) virtual manufacturing system
Include virtual manufacturing technology architecture, technical support, development strategies. Which raised more mature ideas and possible by the Shanghai Tongji University Professor Zhang Shu decentralized network of production systems and Xi'an Jiaotong University warns Bo academicians formed another network research center.
From the above discussion, we can see there is a big difference between domestic and international research standards, and because it is virtual manufacturing technology works in parallel direction is the ability to create core, which meant that we have to it as the center of modern integrated manufacturing systems technology to drive relevant technology research, and their concerted smoothly.
3, nimble manufacturing (AM-Agile Manufacturing) :
Competitiveness and ability to create a degree of credibility based on the composition of virtual companies choose partners, work, work together for the same goal to enhance overall competitiveness, a rapid response to user demand to meet user needs. To achieve a rapid response capability, the establishment of a virtual enterprise is the key technology, the core of which is virtual manufacturing technology that is quickly creating a virtual manufacturing technology-based. Ability to create a modern integrated manufacturing system is integrated into the enterprise integration of information from the road, which represent the level of development of the level of development of modern integrated manufacturing system is the direction of development of modern integrated manufacturing systems.
Since 1991 the United States successfully manufactured thinking, the U.S. government sponsored numerous studies on the development of strong manufacturing units infrastructure and tools, and encourages the application of the model in different sectors of the economy, has now made some progress. For example : the rise in manufacturing production telemetry devices demonstration projects, which the California Joint sacred Asian National Laboratory, the Joint Signal Company Kansas C