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1、狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句按其意義和作用可分為狀語(yǔ)從句按其意義和作用可分為: 1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句 4.目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句 5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句 7.方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句 8.比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句 9.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once, h
2、ardlywhen, no soonerthan等引導(dǎo)。如：等引導(dǎo)。如： When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. It has been 15 years since he left. Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him. Once you have got used to it, you will like it. I waited till he had finished his work.注意：注意：
3、（1）when, as, while when即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如：句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同時(shí)）（同時(shí)） When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動(dòng)作在前）（從句動(dòng)作在前） as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主
4、句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday. He sang as he walked.AS也可表示也可表示“隨著隨著”，但要注意與，但要注意與WITH的區(qū)的區(qū)別：別：As the day went on, the weather got even cold.(從句，從句，故用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）故用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）With the day going on, the weather got even col
5、d.(介詞，介詞，故用非謂語(yǔ)）故用非謂語(yǔ)）While：指的是指的是“在某一時(shí)間在某一時(shí)間里里”， “在在期間期間”，從句里的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性從句里的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。如：如： While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition. while也可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)照的也可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)照的含義，意思為含義，意思為“然而
6、然而”。如：。如：He is tall while his brother is short. 當(dāng)當(dāng)when, as, while表示表示“在在一段一段時(shí)間里時(shí)間里”，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如：可以換用。如： While (When或或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in. （2）如果）如果when和和before引導(dǎo)的從引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成“當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)候時(shí)候” 和和“在在之前之前”，而，而要譯成要譯成“就就”、“才才”、“這時(shí)這時(shí)”等。等。如：如： The struggl
7、e lasted four years before the North won in the end. He almost knocked me down before he saw me. She had not been married many weeks when the man saw her and was struck by her beauty. I was walking in the street when I saw him.BEFORE 的句型：的句型： It wont be long before sb. does sth. 不用多久某不用多久某人就會(huì)人就會(huì) It
8、will be long before sb. does 要過很久某人才要過很久某人才會(huì)會(huì) It was long before sb. did sth. 過很久某人才過很久某人才做做 It will be + 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+ before sb. does 某人要過某人要過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才做多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才做 It was +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 + before sb. did sth. 某人過了某人過了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才做多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才做 (3) by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minut
9、e, soon after, shortly after都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.注意注意BY THE TIME 的用法的用法 by the time+現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來完成時(shí)例如：現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來完成時(shí)例如： By the time he arrives, we will already have left California. by the time+一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)例如：一般過去時(shí)，主句
10、用過去完成時(shí)例如： By the time he arrived, we had already left California. Each time he came, he would call on me. You must show him in immediately he comes. I recognized him the moment I saw him.(4) till和和until 如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到直到為止為止”。如：。如： I worked till (until) he cam
11、e back. 如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞， 則用否定式的主句表示則用否定式的主句表示“直直到到 才才”。如：。如： I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用 until。如：。如： Until he returns, nothing can be done.注意注意： Not until his mother called did he get up.(不倒裝為不倒裝為e didnt get up until his mother called.) It was not
12、 until his mother called that he got up. (not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為it is/was not untilthat)(5) 用用NO SOONER THAN 和和 HARDLYWHEN 引導(dǎo)的從句表示引導(dǎo)的從句表示“剛剛就就”，主句中的動(dòng)詞一般用，主句中的動(dòng)詞一般用過去完成時(shí)，從句用過去時(shí)若把過去完成時(shí)，從句用過去時(shí)若把NO SOONER, HARDLY 提到句首，主句倒提到句首，主句倒裝裝例如：He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.該句
13、倒裝為：No sooner had he got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.（5）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 不能用任何一種將來時(shí)，不能用任何一種將來時(shí)， 只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)表只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)表 示將來時(shí)。示將來時(shí)。2、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:通常由連詞通常由連詞where和和wherever等引導(dǎo)。等引導(dǎo)。如：如： Go back where you came from. Wherever you go, you must write to your parents. Where there
14、is a will, there is a way. Where there is too much, the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.注意：不要和注意：不要和WHERE引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句相混淆例如：的定語(yǔ)從句相混淆例如：We shall go where working conditions are difficult. We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.(狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句)(定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句)3、原因狀語(yǔ)
15、從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句: 通常由連詞：通常由連詞：because, as, since, now that引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別是引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別是:because：表示：表示“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤保苯佣鞔_的，直接而明確的原原 因和理由，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，因和理由，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，why提提 問的句子，一般都用問的句子，一般都用because 回答?；卮?。He didnt come because he was ill.注意：注意： 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句， 只能用只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用引導(dǎo)，不可用as或或 since，如：，如： It was because he was ill that
16、he didnt go with us. because可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，而可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，而as, since不可以，但僅用于以下句不可以，但僅用于以下句型型:This/That/It is because Its because he is too lazy.since：表示：表示“既然既然”，語(yǔ)氣比，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。弱。Since you are here, you must do it.as：表示：表示“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤闭Z(yǔ)氣比語(yǔ)氣比because輕，輕，引引 導(dǎo)從句可放主句前也可放主句后。導(dǎo)從句可放主句前也可放主句后。You neednt go with me, as you ar
17、e busy.As I was afraid, I hid myself.now that意思與意思與since相似，表示相似，表示“既既然然”。 Now that you are in High School, you will probably spend more in reading. Now that all the guests have arrived, lets have our dinner. for也表示也表示“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤?，但是并，但是并列連詞，它連接的不是狀語(yǔ)從句，列連詞，它連接的不是狀語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)。語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)。For引導(dǎo)從句不說引導(dǎo)從句不說明主句發(fā)生的直接原因，只
18、是提明主句發(fā)生的直接原因，只是提供一些補(bǔ)充說明，且不位于句供一些補(bǔ)充說明，且不位于句首首 It must be morning,for the birds are singing.SEEING THAT (既然) 和 IN THAT (因?yàn)? Seeing that the weather is bad , well stay at home.I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.4、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句: 通常由通常由that, so that,
19、 in order that, sothat, lest(以免，以防）以免，以防）, in case（以防、（以防、免得），免得），for fear that(以免）等引導(dǎo)：以免）等引導(dǎo)： He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. She married him so that she might tend and comfort him. I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.lest ，in case, for fear th
20、at后面常用虛擬后面常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說其引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句常用語(yǔ)氣，也就是說其引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句常用“(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：。例如： I hid the book lest (=for fear that) he should see it.目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常含有目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常含有may (might), can (could) should, will等情等情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞。態(tài)動(dòng)詞。5、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句:由由that, so that, sothat, suchthat引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo)： It was very cold, so that the rive
21、r froze. The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts. There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in. He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.注意：注意：SO THAT 既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，其區(qū)別在于：引又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，其區(qū)別在于：引導(dǎo)
22、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)同主句分導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)同主句分開開He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句) They started early so that they might arrive in time.(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)6、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句: 由由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as) (只要只要), in case (that) (如果，萬如果，萬一一),suppose (that), supposing (that), gi
23、ven (that) (在在的情況下的情況下,假假定定),granted that (就算就算),on condition that, provided that, providing that等引導(dǎo)：等引導(dǎo)： 例如：例如： I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework before eight. You may go swimming on condition that you dont swim too far away from the river bank. As long as you keep on trying,
24、 you will surely succeed. Suppose that I dont have a day off, what shall we do? In case John comes, please tell him to wait. Granted that hes not brilliant, he at least woks hard. 注意：注意： 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或態(tài)不可用將來時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或過去時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)。過去時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)。7、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句:由連詞：由連詞：as, as if
25、, as though引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo)： The teacher told the students to do as he did. Leave it as it is. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything. as if和和as though意義和用法大致一意義和用法大致一樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但也樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣?？捎藐愂稣Z(yǔ)氣。He tre
26、ats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk. 8、比較狀語(yǔ)從句、比較狀語(yǔ)從句: 由連詞由連詞asas, not so(as) as, than等引導(dǎo)：等引導(dǎo)： I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area. No one can be more fit for his office than he is. He cant r
27、un so fast as she.注意：注意：“the+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)(接從句接從句)，the+比比較較 級(jí)級(jí)(接主句接主句)，這一句型也歸在比，這一句型也歸在比 較狀語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)。如：較狀語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)。如： The more you study, the more you know. The harder we work, the happier we feel.注意注意:以下以下AS用于表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)A is to B as C is to D.= A is to B what C is to D. =As C is to D, so A is to B.例如:Water is
28、to fishes as air is to men.Water is to fishes what air is to men.As air is to men, so water is to fishes.9、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句: 由由though, although, as (雖雖然盡管然盡管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whetheror(無論是無論是還還是是),引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo).whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh - everno matter whono
29、 matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter whereno matter howno matter wh-WHATEVER/WHOEVER/WHICHEVER/既可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(=NO MATTER WHAT/WHO/WHICH), 又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(=ANYTHING THAT/ ANYONE WHO/ ANYONE THAT)Whoever(=Anyone who) does business with that fellow is bound to lose money.Whatever(=No matter what) y
30、ou do, do it well. Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome. Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study. Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.注意注意:No matter who gives us help is welcome.Whoever gives us help is welcome.任何幫
31、助我們的人會(huì)受到歡迎任何幫助我們的人會(huì)受到歡迎.Ill believe no matter what he says.Ill believe whatever he says.我相信他說的一切我相信他說的一切.(正正)(誤誤)(正正)(誤誤) Though he is old, yet he is active. Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted. Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me. We wouldnt lose heart
32、even if we should fail ten times. No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong. Whether he comes or not, well discuss the problem this afternoon.注意：注意： （1）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時(shí)還可以插在可放前也可放后，有時(shí)還可以插在主句中間，前置時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，主句中間，前置時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。 （2）though與與althoug
33、h同義，用同義，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語(yǔ)化；法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語(yǔ)化；后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與but連用，但可以與連用，但可以與yet, still等連用，等連用，用來加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。用來加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.（3）as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)從句部分從句部分語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。adj./v./n./adv.+as/though+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language.（表語(yǔ)提前）（表語(yǔ)提前） Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表語(yǔ)名詞提前并常省去冠詞）（表語(yǔ)名詞提前并常省去冠詞） Hard as he studies, he can not pass the exam. (副詞提前副詞提前) Try as he would , he might fail again. (動(dòng)詞提前動(dòng)詞提前)
高一英語(yǔ)：Unit4 Job huntergrammar課件（牛津上海版S1B）
