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1、賓語從句 一、賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu) 1.及物動(dòng)詞、介詞、少數(shù)形容詞之后，可以加賓語從句。 Do you know where the boy lives?(及物動(dòng)詞) Im interested in what you said at the meeting. (介詞) We are glad that youve come to join us. (形容詞)主句連接詞從句 2.動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句 I asked him whether he would visit China. He has informed me when they are going to discuss my plan
2、. The policeman warned us that the roads were icy. 3.動(dòng)詞+it+adj+賓語從句 The boy has made it clear that he wont give up.此處的it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的賓語從句。 We feel it a pity that you wont join us in the game. 二、賓語從句三大要素連接詞（如何挑選）語序 （陳述語序） 三大考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài) （前后一致）eg:1.He tells me that he will go to school.2.He told me where he
3、 was going to travle that summer. 1.連接詞that當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略 He knew (that) he should study hard.他知道他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。將下面兩句話連成一句： 1.He will be back soon. I think. I think (that) he will be back soon. 2.He is here. I know I know (that) he is here. if whether當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)
4、， if whether表示“是否” I asked if whether they would win.我問他們是否會(huì)贏。練習(xí)： 1.我想知道他明天是否會(huì)來。 I want to know if whether he will come tomorrow. 2. How about visiting the museum? Good idea. But first we should find out it is open. A .how B. whether C. what D. which B 特殊疑問詞（連接代詞、連接副詞）連接代詞：who whom whose what which等
5、 I dont know what he wants.我不知道他想要什么。 Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?能告訴我你在等誰嗎？ Do you know whose books these are?你知道這些書是誰的書嗎？ 連接副詞：when where why how等 Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？ 你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來嗎？ Please tell me where I can find Tom.請(qǐng)告訴我在哪里能找到Tom. He explained to me why he
6、was absent from the meeting.他向我解釋了他缺席會(huì)議的原因。 Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?能告訴我怎樣去郵局嗎？ 2.語序賓語從句要用陳述語序。口訣：賓語從句要做對(duì)，語序應(yīng)用連主謂 eg: I want to know where you come from. I want to know where do you come from. 練習(xí) 1.Mary asked me：“How long have you stayed in China?”改成賓語從句的形式： Mary asked me ho
7、w long I had stayed in China. 2. Do you know ? They moved here soon after their son was born. A. when would the Greens move here B. when the Greens moved here C. the Greens would move here D. when the Greens would move here 3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 1. 主句的謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受影響，可根據(jù)具體情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。 I know that he will leav
8、e China tomorrow.我知道他明天要離開中國(guó)。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。 2. 主句的謂語是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句要用對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。 eg: She said she was going to visit the Great Wall.她說她打算去游覽長(zhǎng)城。 特例一eg: He said that light travels much faster than sound. （他說光比聲傳播的快得多。）特別注意：如果賓語從句表示客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 特例二 eg:
9、Could you tell me what you doing right now? A.was B.are C.were D.is Could此時(shí)表示委婉語氣，而非表示過去的動(dòng)作，因此，其后的從句可按照一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)來做，具體情況具體分析。 難點(diǎn)一否定前移。當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,guess,suppose等，主句 的主語是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，賓語從句的否定詞通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句的動(dòng)詞。 eg: I dont believe he is right. (我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。) 特別注意當(dāng)賓語從句中有no, never, hardly, not at all
10、, not a bit, not.enough, cant help doing等時(shí)不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移。 I think I cant help laughing if I see it. I believe he never tells a lie. 難點(diǎn)二 if與whether 的區(qū)別 1. 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，二者的區(qū)別不是很大，一般可通用,解釋為“是否”。 I dont know if whether they will come to help us. (我不知道他們是否來幫助我們。) 2. 以下情況下，if 與whether 不能通用。 當(dāng)句中有or not 時(shí)，只能用whether，不能
11、用if。 eg:I dont care whether your car breaks down or not. (我不在乎你的車是否壞了。) 在介詞后只能用whether 不能用if。 eg:This depends upon whether we are determined to do it.（這件事要看我們是否有決心去做。） 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前，只能用whether 不能用if. He doesnt know whether to stay at home. (他不知道是否要呆在家里。) 作動(dòng)詞dicuss的賓語時(shí)，只用whether不用if。 eg:Lets dicuss whethe
12、r Peter is for the position.我們來討論一下，彼得是否適合這個(gè)崗位。 只有whether才能放于句首。 eg:Whether she will come is not clear.她來不來還不清楚。 作表語從句時(shí)，只能用whether。 eg:The question is whether it is worth doing.問題是這事值不值得做。（be動(dòng)詞之后，只能用whether。） if 除了有“是否”的意思外，還可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，此時(shí)可翻譯為“如果”。當(dāng)if在句中容易產(chǎn)生歧義時(shí)，就不可用if,而要用whether。 eg: Please let me kn
13、ow whether you intend to come.譯文：如果你打算來，請(qǐng)告訴我。（條件狀語從句）請(qǐng)告訴我你是否打算來。（賓從）此處如果用if 就容易產(chǎn)生歧義，所以用whether。 練習(xí)用if/ whether填空 1. Im interested in he likes English 2. Let me know he will come or not 3. this is true ，I cant say 4. I dont know to go 5. Please let me know you like the book 難點(diǎn)三 be+形容詞后跟賓語從句的用法。常見的接賓語
14、從句的形容詞有： sure/certain/glad/pleased/happy/afraid/ surprised/sorry等。 eg:Im glad that youve helped me a lot. (很高興你給了我們這么多幫助。) 難點(diǎn)四賓語從句和特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。 eg: Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? = Can you tell me how to get to the railway station?（你能告訴我如何到達(dá)火車站嗎？） 練習(xí) -Can I help you? -Yea
15、h,I dont knowa banana milk shake.May be you can teach me. A.what to do B.when to make C.how to make D.why to do C 改錯(cuò)題 1.Do you know when will they come back tomorrow? Do you know when they will come back tomorrow?語序錯(cuò)誤 2.Could you tell me what time is it now? Could you tell me what time it is now?語序錯(cuò)
16、誤 3.Nobody knows where does she live. Nobody knows where she lives.語序錯(cuò)誤 4.Mother said that she will buy me a walkman. Mother said that she would buy me a walkman.時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 5.She told me that Canberra was the capital of Australia. She told me that Canberra is the capital of Australia.客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 6.Do you think when Mr Zhang will come back to our company? When do you think Mr Zhang will come back to our company?外國(guó)人習(xí)慣把特殊疑問詞放于句首。
賓語從句 (2)
