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1、狀語從句狀語從句 狀語從句按其意義和作用可分為狀語從句按其意義和作用可分為: 1.時間狀語從句時間狀語從句 2.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句 3.原因狀語從句原因狀語從句 4.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句 5.結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 6.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 7.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 8.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句 9.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句1、時間狀語從句、時間狀語從句 引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once, h
2、ardlywhen, no soonerthan等引導。如：等引導。如： When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. It has been 15 years since he left. Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him. Once you have got used to it, you will like it. I waited till he had finished his work.注意：注意：
3、（1）when, as, while when即可引導持續(xù)性動作，又即可引導持續(xù)性動作，又可引導短暫性動作。它可以表示主句可引導短暫性動作。它可以表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從的動作和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。如：句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同時）（同時） When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動作在前）（從句動作在前） as引導持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主句和從引導持續(xù)性動作，側(cè)重主
4、句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。句的動作同時發(fā)生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday. He sang as he walked.AS也可表示也可表示“隨著隨著”，但要注意與，但要注意與WITH的區(qū)的區(qū)別：別：As the day went on, the weather got even cold.(從句，從句，故用謂語動詞）故用謂語動詞）With the day going on, the weather got even col
5、d.(介詞，介詞，故用非謂語）故用非謂語）While：指的是指的是“在某一時間在某一時間里里”， “在在期間期間”，從句里的動作必須是持續(xù)性從句里的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強調(diào)主句和從句動的，它也強調(diào)主句和從句動作的同時發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主作的同時發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動作的對比。句和從句動作的對比。如：如： While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition. while也可做并列連詞，表示對照的也可做并列連詞，表示對照的含義，意思為含義，意思為“然而
6、然而”。如：。如：He is tall while his brother is short. 當當when, as, while表示表示“在在一段一段時間里時間里”，主從句的動作同時發(fā)生時，主從句的動作同時發(fā)生時，可以換用。如：可以換用。如： While (When或或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in. （2）如果）如果when和和before引導的從引導的從句位于主句之后，有時不能譯成句位于主句之后，有時不能譯成“當當時候時候” 和和“在在之前之前”，而，而要譯成要譯成“就就”、“才才”、“這時這時”等。等。如：如： The struggl
7、e lasted four years before the North won in the end. He almost knocked me down before he saw me. She had not been married many weeks when the man saw her and was struck by her beauty. I was walking in the street when I saw him.BEFORE 的句型：的句型： It wont be long before sb. does sth. 不用多久某不用多久某人就會人就會 It
8、will be long before sb. does 要過很久某人才要過很久某人才會會 It was long before sb. did sth. 過很久某人才過很久某人才做做 It will be + 一段時間一段時間+ before sb. does 某人要過某人要過多長時間才做多長時間才做 It was +一段時間一段時間 + before sb. did sth. 某人過了某人過了多長時間才做多長時間才做 (3) by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minut
9、e, soon after, shortly after都可以作為連詞，引導都可以作為連詞，引導時間狀語。如：時間狀語。如： By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.注意注意BY THE TIME 的用法的用法 by the time+現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時例如：現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時例如： By the time he arrives, we will already have left California. by the time+一般過去時，主句用過去完成時例如：一般過去時，主句
10、用過去完成時例如： By the time he arrived, we had already left California. Each time he came, he would call on me. You must show him in immediately he comes. I recognized him the moment I saw him.(4) till和和until 如果主句謂語動詞是持續(xù)動詞，如果主句謂語動詞是持續(xù)動詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到直到為止為止”。如：。如： I worked till (until) he cam
11、e back. 如果主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞，如果主句謂語動詞是瞬間動詞， 則用否定式的主句表示則用否定式的主句表示“直直到到 才才”。如：。如： I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.放在句首表示強調(diào)時一般用放在句首表示強調(diào)時一般用 until。如：。如： Until he returns, nothing can be done.注意注意： Not until his mother called did he get up.(不倒裝為不倒裝為e didnt get up until his mother called.) It was not
12、 until his mother called that he got up. (not until的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為it is/was not untilthat)(5) 用用NO SOONER THAN 和和 HARDLYWHEN 引導的從句表示引導的從句表示“剛剛就就”，主句中的動詞一般用，主句中的動詞一般用過去完成時，從句用過去時若把過去完成時，從句用過去時若把NO SOONER, HARDLY 提到句首，主句倒提到句首，主句倒裝裝例如：He had no sooner got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.該句
13、倒裝為：No sooner had he got to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.（5）時間狀語從句中謂語動詞）時間狀語從句中謂語動詞 不能用任何一種將來時，不能用任何一種將來時， 只能用現(xiàn)在時和過去時表只能用現(xiàn)在時和過去時表 示將來時。示將來時。2、地點狀語從句、地點狀語從句:通常由連詞通常由連詞where和和wherever等引導。等引導。如：如： Go back where you came from. Wherever you go, you must write to your parents. Where there
14、is a will, there is a way. Where there is too much, the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.注意：不要和注意：不要和WHERE引導引導的定語從句相混淆例如：的定語從句相混淆例如：We shall go where working conditions are difficult. We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.(狀語從句狀語從句)(定語從句定語從句)3、原因狀語
15、從句、原因狀語從句: 通常由連詞：通常由連詞：because, as, since, now that引導。區(qū)別是引導。區(qū)別是:because：表示：表示“因為因為”，直接而明確的，直接而明確的原原 因和理由，語氣最強，因和理由，語氣最強，why提提 問的句子，一般都用問的句子，一般都用because 回答。回答。He didnt come because he was ill.注意：注意： 在強調(diào)句中強調(diào)原因狀語從句，在強調(diào)句中強調(diào)原因狀語從句， 只能用只能用because引導，不可用引導，不可用as或或 since，如：，如： It was because he was ill that
16、he didnt go with us. because可以引導表語從句，而可以引導表語從句，而as, since不可以，但僅用于以下句不可以，但僅用于以下句型型:This/That/It is because Its because he is too lazy.since：表示：表示“既然既然”，語氣比，語氣比because弱。弱。Since you are here, you must do it.as：表示：表示“因為因為”語氣比語氣比because輕，輕，引引 導從句可放主句前也可放主句后。導從句可放主句前也可放主句后。You neednt go with me, as you ar
17、e busy.As I was afraid, I hid myself.now that意思與意思與since相似，表示相似，表示“既既然然”。 Now that you are in High School, you will probably spend more in reading. Now that all the guests have arrived, lets have our dinner. for也表示也表示“因為因為”，但是并，但是并列連詞，它連接的不是狀語從句，列連詞，它連接的不是狀語從句，語氣比較強。語氣比較強。For引導從句不說引導從句不說明主句發(fā)生的直接原因，只
18、是提明主句發(fā)生的直接原因，只是提供一些補充說明，且不位于句供一些補充說明，且不位于句首首 It must be morning,for the birds are singing.SEEING THAT (既然) 和 IN THAT (因為) Seeing that the weather is bad , well stay at home.I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.4、目的狀語從句、目的狀語從句: 通常由通常由that, so that,
19、 in order that, sothat, lest(以免，以防）以免，以防）, in case（以防、（以防、免得），免得），for fear that(以免）等引導：以免）等引導： He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. She married him so that she might tend and comfort him. I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.lest ，in case, for fear th
20、at后面常用虛擬后面常用虛擬語氣，也就是說其引導的狀語從句常用語氣，也就是說其引導的狀語從句常用“(should) + 動詞原形動詞原形”。例如：。例如： I hid the book lest (=for fear that) he should see it.目的狀語從句中謂語動詞常含有目的狀語從句中謂語動詞常含有may (might), can (could) should, will等情等情 態(tài)動詞。態(tài)動詞。5、結(jié)果狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句:由由that, so that, sothat, suchthat引導：引導： It was very cold, so that the rive
21、r froze. The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts. There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in. He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.注意：注意：SO THAT 既可引導目的狀語從句，既可引導目的狀語從句，又可引導結(jié)果狀語從句，其區(qū)別在于：引又可引導結(jié)果狀語從句，其區(qū)別在于：引導
22、結(jié)果狀語從句時通常用逗號同主句分導結(jié)果狀語從句時通常用逗號同主句分開開He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.(結(jié)果狀語從句) They started early so that they might arrive in time.(目的狀語從句)6、條件狀語從句、條件狀語從句: 由由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as) (只要只要), in case (that) (如果，萬如果，萬一一),suppose (that), supposing (that), gi
23、ven (that) (在在的情況下的情況下,假假定定),granted that (就算就算),on condition that, provided that, providing that等引導：等引導： 例如：例如： I shall not go to the cinema unless I finish my homework before eight. You may go swimming on condition that you dont swim too far away from the river bank. As long as you keep on trying,
24、 you will surely succeed. Suppose that I dont have a day off, what shall we do? In case John comes, please tell him to wait. Granted that hes not brilliant, he at least woks hard. 注意：注意： 條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)不可用將來時，只能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或態(tài)不可用將來時，只能用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或過去時態(tài)表示將來時。過去時態(tài)表示將來時。7、方式狀語從句、方式狀語從句:由連詞：由連詞：as, as if
25、, as though引導：引導： The teacher told the students to do as he did. Leave it as it is. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything. as if和和as though意義和用法大致一意義和用法大致一樣，引導的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也樣，引導的從句多用虛擬語氣，但也可用陳述語氣。可用陳述語氣。He tre
26、ats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk. 8、比較狀語從句、比較狀語從句: 由連詞由連詞asas, not so(as) as, than等引導：等引導： I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area. No one can be more fit for his office than he is. He cant r
27、un so fast as she.注意：注意：“the+比較級比較級(接從句接從句)，the+比比較較 級級(接主句接主句)，這一句型也歸在比，這一句型也歸在比 較狀語從句內(nèi)。如：較狀語從句內(nèi)。如： The more you study, the more you know. The harder we work, the happier we feel.注意注意:以下以下AS用于表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)A is to B as C is to D.= A is to B what C is to D. =As C is to D, so A is to B.例如:Water is
28、to fishes as air is to men.Water is to fishes what air is to men.As air is to men, so water is to fishes.9、讓步狀語從句、讓步狀語從句: 由由though, although, as (雖雖然盡管然盡管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whetheror(無論是無論是還還是是),引導引導.whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh - everno matter whono
29、 matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter whereno matter howno matter wh-WHATEVER/WHOEVER/WHICHEVER/既可引導讓步狀語從句(=NO MATTER WHAT/WHO/WHICH), 又可引導名詞性從句(=ANYTHING THAT/ ANYONE WHO/ ANYONE THAT)Whoever(=Anyone who) does business with that fellow is bound to lose money.Whatever(=No matter what) y
30、ou do, do it well. Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome. Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study. Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.注意注意:No matter who gives us help is welcome.Whoever gives us help is welcome.任何幫
31、助我們的人會受到歡迎任何幫助我們的人會受到歡迎.Ill believe no matter what he says.Ill believe whatever he says.我相信他說的一切我相信他說的一切.(正正)(誤誤)(正正)(誤誤) Though he is old, yet he is active. Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted. Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me. We wouldnt lose heart
32、even if we should fail ten times. No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong. Whether he comes or not, well discuss the problem this afternoon.注意：注意： （1）讓步狀語從句在句中的位置）讓步狀語從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時還可以插在可放前也可放后，有時還可以插在主句中間，前置時，強調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，主句中間，前置時，強調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時強調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。后置時強調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。 （2）though與與althoug
33、h同義，用同義，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化；法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化；后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與but連用，但可以與連用，但可以與yet, still等連用，等連用，用來加強語氣。用來加強語氣。Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.（3）as/though引導讓步狀語從句時引導讓步狀語從句時從句部分從句部分語序要部分倒裝。adj./v./n./adv.+as/though+主語主語+謂語謂語 Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language.（表語提前）（表語提前） Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞）（表語名詞提前并常省去冠詞） Hard as he studies, he can not pass the exam. (副詞提前副詞提前) Try as he would , he might fail again. (動詞提前動詞提前)
高一英語：Unit4 Job huntergrammar課件（牛津上海版S1B）
